• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2003

Objectives : Kochiae Fructus (dried fruits of Kochia scoparia L. Schrad,) is used in the treatment of skin diseases as internal or external medicine in Oriental Medicine, but there has not been experimental study of Kochiae Fructus as an external medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate if it has certain effects on the skin or not. Methods : By a skin prick test method, we evaluated the effects of wet dressing with Kochiae Fructus decoction in different concentrations on histamine-induced itch, erythema and wheal responses, and compared them with the effects of calamine lotion and distilled water in 8 healthy volunteers aged 26-32. Results : The mean intensity and duration of itch were most decreased after wet dressing with a Kochiae Fructus decoction of 100mg/150ml. The time required for erythema to reach the maximal size was around 5 minutes in all groups, and the size of erythema was smallest on the skin taking wet dressing with the Kochiae Fructus decoction of highest concentration. The size of wheal was also smallest after wet dressing with the highest concentration Kochiae Fructus decoction. The effects of wet dressing with Kochiae Fructus decoction on skin were dependent on their concentrations. Conclusions : Kochiae Fructus suppressed the histamine-induced skin responses, which supports the ancient herbal literatures which describe that Kochiae Fructus has a certain effectiveness on some skin diseases.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2018

Kochiae Fructus is a medicinal plant used as medicine of the urinary organs, skin disease and inflammation. In this study, anti-inflammatory activity of Kochiae Fructus extract and its possible mechanisms of action were examined. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokine production and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) in murine macrophage-like cell line Raw 264.7 cells. The measurement of the induced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were carried out by ELISA. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and MAPK and the nuclear expression of nuclear factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 were investigated by Wesern blot analysis. The extract suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 in activated cells. As a result, we suggest that the extract of Kochiae Fructus decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6), nitric oxide, MMP-9 in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells. Kochiae Fructus has possibility to be used as therapeutic benefits against inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1981

In order to determine the effect of Oryeongsan reputed to have diuretic action since Han Dynasty and possible synergetic action of Dianthi Semen, Polygonum avicularis Herba, Kochiae Fructus and Akebiae Lignum, herbs with similar reputation, when added to the above prescription, their decoction powders were solved into distilled water and injected into rabbits through the ear vein. Upon the treatment, the excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride ion together with urine volume was kinetically determined. At the same time the clearance of plasma creatinine and sodium ion was determined and the following results were obtained. Every experimental group demonstrated diuretic action, though feable, of relatively long duration. The diuretic mechanism in the case of Oryeongsan made up by mixing the seperate extracts of individual components and Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen was found to be inhibitory effect of renal tubular reabsorption in contrast to the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba, Kochiae Fructus or Akebiae Lignum in which case the diuretic mechanism was found to be glomerular vascular dilatation. The urinary excretion of potassium ion was increased in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, Kochiae Fructus of Akebiae Lignum whereas in the other cases no similar change was registered. The diuretic action was most remarkable in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba followed by Oryeongsan(A) plus Kochiae Fructus, Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, extract mixture of individual component of Oryeongsan, Oryeongsan(A) and Oryeongsan(A) plus Akebiae Lignum decreasing order. The duration of diuretic action was found to be 90 minutes in the case of Oryeongsan and mixture of individual component of Oryeongsan, and 60 minutes in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, Kochiae Fructus or Akebiae Lignum in contrast to the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba which lasted up to 120 minutes.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.557-562
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• 2006

Hypoxia induced angiogenesis and inflammation are essential processes for metastasis and progress of solid tumors. We examined the anti-angiogenic and inflammation related activity of Kochiae Fructus (KF) extract. To investigate the roles of the KF extract, we performed MTS assay, western blots using HaCaT cells and $HepG_2$ cells. The results are as follows. The protein level of $HIF-1{\alpha}$ was reduced when induced by $CoCl_2$ in $HepG_2$ cells treated with KF extract and induced by IGF-11 in HaCaT cells treated with KF extract. KF extract reduced the mRNA level of VEGF in HaCaT cells and KF extract reduced the protein level of iNOS in HaCaT cells. These results suggest that KF extract contributes to the anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities and also we could assume that KF extract act as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agents via reduction of $HIF-1{\alpha}$.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.212-218
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• 2005

Hepatoprotective effects of the extract of Kochiae fructus (KF), a traditional oriental medicinal plant, were evaluated against carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$)-induced liver damage in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, $CCl_4,\;CCl_4$ plus methanol extract of KF (KFM-$CCl_4$), and $CCl_4$ plus butanol extract of KF (KFB-$CCl_4$) groups. KFM and KFB were orally administered once a day (200 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days. A mixture of 0.2 mL/100 g body weight of $CCl_4$ in olive oil was injected at 30 minutes after the final administration of KFM and KFB. The KFB pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in the serum transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase levels in the $CCl_4$-treated rats. The $CCl_4$ treatment significantly lowered the activities of glutathione, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). However, pretreatment with KFM and KFB resulted in a significant increase in the glutathione, GR and GST levels. KFB increased the activities of SOD, catalase and GSH-Px, but KFM did not alter them. Pretreatment with KFM and KFB resulted in a significant decrease in the production of aminopyrine N-demethylase in the $CCl_4$-treated rats. KF extract would appear to contribute to alleviate the adveISe effect of $CCl_4$ treatment by enhancing the hepatic antioxidant defense system.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effects of herb for removing dampness and promoting urination against vaginal microbes. Methods : Staphylococcus aureus. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginitis-induced microbes. Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coil HB101 were used for normal vaginal florae. And herbs for removing dampness and promoting urination(Dianthi herbs. Tokoro Rhizoma, Saururi Herbs, Pyrrosiae Folium, Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Plantaginis Semen, Tetrapanacis Medulla, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Malvae Semen, Akebiae Caulis, Kochiae Fructus, Lygodii Spora) were used. Antimicrobial activities were estimated by the change of optical densities and colony test in vitro. Results : Plantaginis Semen, Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba and Lygodii Spora had the antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity against MRSA and Gardnerella vaginalis. Polygoni Avicularis Herba had the antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus. MRSA and Gardnerella vaginalis. Malvae Semen and Kochiae Fructus had the antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity against MRSA. Dianthi Herba had the antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity against Gardnerella vaginalis. Conclusion : According to these results, we can suggest that Plantaginis Semen, Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Lygodii Spora, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Malvae Semen, Kochiae Fructus and Dianthi Herba would be available to the antimicrobial agent for vaginitis-induced microbe in vitro.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 1991

Two new triterpenoidal saponins B(1) and C(2) were isolated from the fructus of Kochia scoparia. On the basis of chemico-spectral evidences, the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated as oleanolic acid 3-O-$\beta$-D-ribopyranosyl-(1$\rightarrow$2)-.betha.-D-glucuronopyranoside and 3-O-$\beta$-D-xylopyranosyl-(1$\rightarrow$3)-$\beta$-D-glucuronopyranosyl-olean-12-en-28-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl ester, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.250.1-250.1
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• 2003

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2020

Objectives : This study was to examine the effects of 3 types of BTS which were excluded talcum only or replaced talcum to Lonicera japonicae Flos or Kochiae Fructus on the DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice. Methods : In this study, Balb/c mice were divided into five groups: normal, control, GBT(BTS except talcum), GBTG(GBT added Lonicera japonicae Flos), and GBTJ(GBT added Kochiae Fructus). And the effects on atopic dermatitis were evaluated by weight change, ear's thickness and weight, thickness of dorsal skin, severity scale of dorsal skin, histopathologic findings of dorsal skin by H&E and toluidine blue stain, proliferation of splenocyte and thymocyte in vitro, proliferation of splenocyte in vivo, IL-4, TNF-α, IgE in serum. Results : There were no significantly changes in body weight and effect of ear's weight in GBT, GBTG, and GBTJ group. The thickness of ear of GBT and GBTJ group showed significant decrease. And the thickness of dorsal skin of GBTJ group significantly decreased compared to the control, GBT, and GBTG group. All the treated groups significantly decreased in severity scale, histopathologically reduced epidermal thickness, and mast cell infiltration. In vitro, all the treated groups increased in the proliferation rates of splenocyte. However, in vivo study, it showed a falling tendency and GBT group significantly decreased compared to control, GBTG, and GBTJ group. In vitro study, GBTG group significantly decreased in the proliferation rates of thymocyte. There was no IgE contents chnage in GBT, GBTG, and GBTJ groups but IL-4 and TNF-α contents were significantly decreased. Conclusions : GBT, GBTG, and GBTJ are expected to improve symptoms of atopic dermatitis and further studies are needed for development of BTS's transformation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1286-1293
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the biological activity and hepatoprotective effect of various fractions and isolated compounds from Kochiae fructus (KF) extract on D-galactosamine (GaIN)-intoxicated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, GaIN treated group (GaIN), GaIN plus KF methanol extract treated group (KFM 200-GaIN), GaIN plus KF butanol extract treated group (KFB 200-GaIN), GaIN plus momordin Ic treated group (Momordin Ic 30-GaIN) and GaIN plus oleanolic acid treated group (Oleanolic acid 30-GaIN). KFM (200 mg/kg BW), KFB (200 mg/kg BW), momordin Ic (30 mg/kg BW) and oleanolic acid (30 mg/kg BW) were orally administered once a day for 14 days. GaIN (400 mg/kg BW) was injected at 30 minutes after the final administration of the compounds. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were increased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and significantly lower in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Hepatic lipid peroxide level was increased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and was lower in the KFM 200-GaIN, KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Activities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in liver were higher in the GaIN group than in the control group and were significantly decreased in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group compared to the GaIN group. Hepatic glutathione, ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase and catalase activities were decreased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and were higher in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Activities of hepatic glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in the GaIN group than in the control group and were improved in the KFM 200-GaIN, KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group compared to the GaIN group. Therefore, the current results indicate that momordin Ic administration alleviated the GaIN-induced adverse effect through enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities.