Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2004.33.8.1286

The Hepatoprotective Effect of Active Compounds of Kochiae fructus on D-Galactosamine-Intoxicated Rats  

Kim, Na-Young (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Dong-A University)
Lee, Jeong-Sook (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Kosin University)
Park, Myoung-Ju (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Dong-A University)
Lee, Kyung-Hee (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Dong-A University)
Kim, Seok-Hwan (Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Dong-A University)
Choi, Jong-Won (Dept. of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University)
Park, Hee-Juhn (Dept. of Botanical Resources, Sangji University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.33, no.8, 2004 , pp. 1286-1293 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the biological activity and hepatoprotective effect of various fractions and isolated compounds from Kochiae fructus (KF) extract on D-galactosamine (GaIN)-intoxicated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, GaIN treated group (GaIN), GaIN plus KF methanol extract treated group (KFM 200-GaIN), GaIN plus KF butanol extract treated group (KFB 200-GaIN), GaIN plus momordin Ic treated group (Momordin Ic 30-GaIN) and GaIN plus oleanolic acid treated group (Oleanolic acid 30-GaIN). KFM (200 mg/kg BW), KFB (200 mg/kg BW), momordin Ic (30 mg/kg BW) and oleanolic acid (30 mg/kg BW) were orally administered once a day for 14 days. GaIN (400 mg/kg BW) was injected at 30 minutes after the final administration of the compounds. The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were increased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and significantly lower in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Hepatic lipid peroxide level was increased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and was lower in the KFM 200-GaIN, KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Activities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in liver were higher in the GaIN group than in the control group and were significantly decreased in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group compared to the GaIN group. Hepatic glutathione, ${\gamma}$-glutamylcysteine synthetase and catalase activities were decreased in the GaIN group compared to the control group and were higher in the KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group than in the GaIN group. Activities of hepatic glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were lower in the GaIN group than in the control group and were improved in the KFM 200-GaIN, KFB 200-GaIN, momordin Ic 30-GaIN and oleanolic acid 30-GaIN group compared to the GaIN group. Therefore, the current results indicate that momordin Ic administration alleviated the GaIN-induced adverse effect through enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities.
Keywords
Kochiae fructus; momordin Ic; oleanolic acid; D-galactosamine; hepatoprotective effect;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Mize CE, Langdon RG. 1962. Hepatic glutathione reductase: I. Purification and general kinetic properties. J Biol Chem 237: 1589-1595
2 Korea National Statistical Office. 2003, Annual report on the cause of death statistics. p 4-8
3 Jang GY. 1980. Mt. Changbai plant directory. Jilin Publishing Co., Changchun. p 313
4 Decker K, Keppler D. 1974. Galactosamine hepatitis: key role of the nucleotide deficiency period in the pathogenesis of cell injury and cell death. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 71: 77-106   DOI
5 Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yaki K. 1979. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95: 351-358   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Yoshikawa M, Dai Y, Shimada H, Morikawa T, Matsumura N, Yoshizumi H, Matsuda H, Kubo M. 1997. Studies on Kochiae Fructus. Ⅱ. On the saponin constituents from the fruit of Chinese Kochia scoparia (Chenopodiaceae): Chemical structures of Kochianosides I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ. Chem Pharm Bull 45: 1052-1055   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Ellman GL. 1959. Tissue sulfhydryl group. Arch Biochem Biophys 82: 70-73   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Ahn HS. 1965. Korea plant directory. Beomhaksa, Seoul. p 32
9 Jin JI. 1984. Chinese medicine dictionary. Dongdo munwhasa, Seoul. p 361
10 Yoshikawa M, Shimada H, Morikawa T, Yoshizumi S, Matsumura N, Murakami T, Matsuda H, Hori K, Yamahara J. 1997. Medicinal foodstuffs. Ⅶ. On the saponin constituents with glucose and alcohol absorption-inhibitory activity from a food garnish 'Tonburi', the fruit of Japanese Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.: structures of scoparianosides A, B, and C. Chem Pharm Bull 45: 1300-1305   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Stirpe F, Della CE. 1969. The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase: Conversion in vitro of the enzyme activity from dehydrogenase (Type D) to oxidase (Type O). J Biol Chem 244: 3855-3863
12 Keppler D, Lesch R, Reutter W, Decker K. 1968. Experimental hepatitis induced by D-galactosamine. Exp Mol Pathol 9: 279-290   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Rajagopalan KV, Fridovich I, Handler P. 1962. Hepatic aldehyde oxidase. In Purification and properties. J Biol Chem 237: 922-928
14 Wang J, Wendel A. 1990. Studies on the hepatotoxicity of galactosamine endotoxin or galactosamine/TNF in the perfused mouse liver. Biochem Pharmacol 39: 267-270   DOI   ScienceOn
15 El-Mofty SK, Scrutton MC, Serroni A, Nicolini C, Farber JL. 1975. Early, reversible plasma membrane injury in galactosamine-induced liver cell death. Am J Pathol 79:579-595
16 Farber JL, Gill G, Konishi Y. 1973. Prevention of galactosamine-induced liver cell necrosis by uridine. Am J Pathol 72: 53-62
17 Lesch R, Reutter W, Keppler D, Decker K. 1969. Liver restitution after acute galactosamine hepatitis: Autoradiographic and biochemical studies in rats. Exp Mol Pathol 12: 58-69   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Reitman S, Frankel SK. 1957. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Am J Clin Pathol 28: 8-14
19 Adzharov D, Donchev N, Kerimova M, Naidenova E, Borov B. 1989. Effects of preliminary fasting on the development of D-galactosamine-induced acute lesion of the liver in rats. Biull Eksp Biol Med 107: 33-36
20 Al-Khalidi UAS, Nasrallah S, Khachadurian AK, Shammaa MH. 1965. A sensitive method for the determination of xanthine oxidase activity. Clin Chim Acta 11: 72-77   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Aebi H. 1974. Catalase. In Method of enzymatic analysis. Vergmeyer MU, ed. Academic Press, New York. Vol 2, p 673-698
22 Pagila ED, Valentine WN. 1967. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocytes glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 70: 158-169
23 Meister A, Richman PG. 1975. Regulation of $\gamma$-glutamylcysteine synthesis by nonallosteric feedback inhibition by glutathione. J Biol Chem 250: 1422-1429
24 Habig WH, Pabist MJ, Jakoby WB. 1974. Glutathione S- transferase: The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249: 7130-7139
25 Marklund S, Marklund G. 1974. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autooxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47: 469-473   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Schoutsen B, De Jong JW, Harmsen E, De Tombe PP, Achterberg PW. 1983. Myocardial xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase. Biochem Biophys Acta 762: 519-524   DOI   ScienceOn
27 Yi KN, Kim JQ. 1988. Clinical Chemistry. Euihakmunawhasa, Seoul. p 301-309
28 Wolpert MK, Althaus JR, Johns DG. 1973. Nitroreductase activity of mammalian liver aldehyde oxidase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 185: 202-213
29 Lowry OH, Rodebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. 1951. Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193: 265-275
30 Lim HK, Kim HS, Choi JW. 2000. Therapeutic effects of bergenin and acetylbergenin on galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Kor J Pharmacogn 31: 351-356
31 Lee CK, Kim NY, Han YN, Choi JW. 2003. Effects of pretreated Korean red ginseng on carbon tetrachloride and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. J Ginseng Res 27: 1-10   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Schenkman JB, Remmer H, Estabrook RW. 1967. Spectral studies of drug interaction with hepatic microsomal cytochrome. Mol Pharmacol 3: 113-123
33 Mccord JM, Fridovich I. 1968. The reduction of cytochrome C by milk xanthine oxidase. J Biol Chem 243: 5753-5760
34 Woolfolk CA, Downard JS. 1977. Distribution of xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase specificity types among bacteria. J Bacteriol 130: 1175-1191
35 Stirpe F, Della Corte E. 1969. The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. J Biol Chem 244: 3855-3863
36 Battelli MG, Della Corte E, Stirpe F. 1972. Xanthine oxidase type D (dehydrogenase) in the intestine and other organs of the rat. Biochem J 126: 747-749
37 McCord JM, Fridovich I. 1978. The biology and pathology oxygen radicals. Ann Intern Med 89: 122-127   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Kleinsky TA, Tulle JV, Cattau EL, Wang P. 1974. A comparison of the distribution and electron acceptor specificities of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase. Comp Biochem Physiol 498: 687-703
39 Ahokas JT, Davies C, Ravenscroft PJ, Emmerson BT. 1984. Inhibition of soluble glutathione S-transferase by diuretic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 33: 1929-1932   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Dodds MG, Foord RD. 1970. Enhancement by potent diuretics of renal tubular necrosis induced by cephaloridine. Br J Pharmacol 40: 227-236   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Halliwell B. 1978. Biochemical mechanism accounting for the toxic action of oxygen on living organisms: The key role of superoxide dismutase. Cell Biol Int Rep 2: 113-128   DOI   ScienceOn
42 Meister A, Anderson ME. 1983. Glutathione. Annu Rev Boichem 52: 711-760   DOI   ScienceOn
43 Bolt HM, Laib RJ, Filser JG. 1982. Reactive metabolites and carcinogenicity of halogenated ethylenes. Biochem Pharmacol 31: 1-4   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Rikans LE, Kosanke SD. 1984. Effect of aging on liver glu-tathione levels and hepatocellular injury from carbon tetrachloride, allyl alcohol or galactosamine. Drug Chem Toxicol 7: 595-604   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Wendel A, Feuerstein S. 1981. Drug-induced lipid peroxidation in mice-I. Modulation by monooxygenase activity, glutathione and selenium status. Biochem Pharmacol 30: 2513-2520   DOI   ScienceOn
46 Awasthi YC, Beutler E, Srivastava SK. 1975. Purification and properties of human erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Biol Chem 250: 5144-5149
47 Lim HK, Kim HS, Choi HS, Oh SW, Jang CG, Choi JW, Kim SH, Chang MJ. 2000. Effects of acetylbergenin against D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Pharmacol Res 42: 471-474   DOI   ScienceOn
48 Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB. 1974. Glutathione Stransferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249: 7130-7139
49 Vos RM, Van Bladeren PJ. 1990. Glutathione Stransferases in relation to their role in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. Chem Biol Interact 75: 241-265   DOI   ScienceOn
50 Chow CK. 1979. Nutritional influence on cellular antioxidation defence systems. Am J Clin Nutr 32: 1066-1081   DOI