• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.13 no.2 s.32
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• pp.3-12
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• 2005

Change detections are widely used for its usefulness. During the process two factors are important; one is which method is to be adopted and the other is what should be the appropriate critical value. Until far, these factors are mostly decided by users based upon their knowledge from past experiences. In this paper we propose a set of methodologies that allow users maintaining optimal decisions on which change detection method is the desirable one, what might be the suitable critical value, and what does the introducing SDSSs(Spatial Decision Support Systems) to change detections means.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.141-160
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• 2004

Recent reseach in the field of medical information systems has paid much attention to an ontology based medical terminology system to support clinical study and effective information search. This study aims to conduct research for further application or construction of ontology systems in Korea. This research reviews the theory of concept modeling and ontology. and analyses 4 cases of conceptual modeling of medical tenrminologies by ontology, The findings ot this study display these specific characteristics in medscal ontologies: (UHe standardization of terrrinology on MeSH. (2) The conceptualization of tenninology on UMLS. (l) ane. (2) are showed as untormal ontologies. (3) The theory of ontology integration in ON9, (4) The reference model of medical knowledge with formalization in GALEN. (3) and (4) are showed as formal ontologies. The application and construction of ontology should be differentiated according to the level of the proposed system, and then this analysis will provide useful information for the researcher and developer of the system.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.705-716
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• 2011

For the efficient discovery of knowledge and information from the observed systems, data mining techniques can be an useful tool for the prediction of water quality at intake station in rivers. Deterioration of water quality can be caused at intake station in dry season due to insufficient flow. This demands additional outflow from dam since some extent of deterioration can be attenuated by dam reservoir operation to control outflow considering predicted water quality. A seasonal occurrence of high ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) concentrations has hampered chemical treatment processes of a water plant in Geum river. Monthly flow allocation from upstream dam is important for downstream $NH_3$-N control. In this study, prediction models of water quality based on multiple regression (MR), artificial neural network and data mining methods were developed to understand water quality variation and to support dam operations through providing predicted $NH_3$-N concentrations at intake station. The models were calibrated with eight years of monthly data and verified with another two years of independent data. In those models, the $NH_3$-N concentration for next time step is dependent on dam outflow, river water quality such as alkalinity, temperature, and $NH_3$-N of previous time step. The model performances are compared and evaluated by error analysis and statistical characteristics like correlation and determination coefficients between the observed and the predicted water quality. It is expected that these data mining techniques can present more efficient data-driven tools in modelling stage and it is found that those models can be applied well to predict water quality in stream river systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.635-642
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• 2003

Reinforcement learning got successful results in a lot of applications such as control and scheduling. Various function approximation methods have been studied in order to improve the learning speed and to solve the shortage of storage in the standard reinforcement learning algorithm of Q-Learning. Most function approximation methods remove some special quality of reinforcement learning and need prior knowledge and preprocessing. Fuzzy Q-Learning needs preprocessing to define fuzzy variables and Local Weighted Regression uses training examples. In this paper, we propose a function approximation method, Fuzzy Q-Map that is based on on-line fuzzy clustering. Fuzzy Q-Map classifies a query state and predicts a suitable action according to the membership degree. We applied the Fuzzy Q-Map, CMAC and LWR to the mountain car problem. Fuzzy Q-Map reached the optimal prediction rate faster than CMAC and the lower prediction rate was seen than LWR that uses training example.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.16-22
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• 2020

Since it is difficult for individual power producers and non-professionals who lack basic knowledge to control, manage, and operate facilities through EMS (Energy Management System), augmented reality and virtual reality monitoring systems are applied. However, in the existing systems, data access efficiency is inferior due to the process of analyzing column values for analog signal values collected from sensors and converting data after combining the columns. In addition, high-speed operation processing is difficult due to a large number of indexes for accommodating access patterns for various analog signal waveforms. Therefore, in this paper, a bitmap generator is inserted into a non-tree structure to convert the data collected from power facilities into physical property information, and the converted information is encrypted with a common key, so that the resources for the resources shared between each device are We propose a method of exchanging data for an augmented reality-based power system that is controlled by measurement.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.9
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• pp.798-809
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose robust relay and destination filter design methods for the multi-user peer-to-peer amplify-and-forward relaying systems while taking imperfect channel knowledge into consideration. Specifically, the relay and destination filter sets are developed to minimize the sum mean-squared-error (MSE). We first present a robust joint optimum relay and destination filter calculation method with an iterative algorithm. Motivated by the need to reduce computational complexity of the iterative scheme, we then formulate a simplified sum MSE minimization problem using the relay filter decomposability, which lead to two robust sub-optimum non-iterative design methods. Finally, we propose robust modified destination filter design methods which require only local channel state information between relay node and a specific destination node. The analysis and simulation results verify that, compared with the optimum iterative method, the proposed non-iterative schemes suffer a marginal loss in performance while enjoying significantly improved implementation efficiencies. Also it is confirmed that the proposed robust filter design methods provide desired robustness in the presence of channel uncertainty.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

Theoretically, it is known that common beliefs and/or common knowledge cannot be attained in asynchronously distributed multiagent environments, however, it show that some propositions with deadlines can be attained as common beliefs among a set of fully trusted agents even when they communicate to each other asynchronously. Generally, in the multiagent environment, the attainment of common beliefs is approached as a problem of communication, and for the common beliefs paradox that the common beliefs is not attained on a system without communication time restriction is applied to loose coarser granularity and it prove that forming common beliefs is possible by relaxing necessary requirements through the KakaoTalk chatting model. I also experimented with the reasoning function that confirms the common beliefs by inquiring about the common belief generated by implementing the inference function in each agent of the KakaoTalk chatting model. Through utilizing metalogic programming, a formalization of the presentation and reasoning of common beliefs has been achieved, and the group chatting model of KakaoTalk was adopted in experiments to show that common beliefs can be formed among distributed agents using asynchronous communication.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2015

A large amount of work has been done in the areas of routing, MAC, QoS, capacity, location service, cooperative communication, fault tolerance, mobility models and various applications of mesh networks thanks to their merits of cost-effective way of deployment and flexibility in extending wireline services. Although multi-path routing protocols have been proposed to be used to provide QoS and fault-tolerance, there has not been any significant results discussed that support both in the literature to our best knowledge as they are often required in military and public safety applications. In this paper, we present a novel routing protocol for a mesh network based on the OFDM-TDMA collision-free MAC that discovers and maintains multiple paths that allows retransmitting and forwarding packets that have been blocked due to a link failure using an alternative next-hop node such that the delay-capacity tradeoff is reduced and the reliability is enhanced. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol performs well in terms of both the QoS and delivery ratio.

• ALGAE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.207-217
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• 2021

An increase in seawater temperature owing to global warming is expected to substantially limit the growth of marine algae, including Pyropia yezoensis, a commercially valuable red alga. To improve our knowledge of the genes involved in the acquisition of heat tolerance in P. yezoensis, transcriptomes sequences were obtained from both the wild-type SG104 P. yezoensis and heat-tolerant mutant Gy500. We selected 1,251 differentially expressed genes that were up- or downregulated in response to the heat stress condition and in the heat-tolerant mutant Gy500, based on fragment per million reads expression values. Among them, PyHRG1 was downregulated under heat stress in SG104 and expressed at a low level in Gy500. PyHRG1 encodes a secretory protein of 26.5 kDa. PyHRG1 shows no significant sequence homology with any known genes deposited in public databases to date. However, PyHRG1 homologs were found in other red algae, including other Pyropia species. When PyHRG1 was introduced into the single-cell green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, transformed cells overexpressing PyHRG1 showed severely retarded growth. These results demonstrate that PyHRG1 encodes a novel red algae-specific protein and plays a role in heat tolerance in algae. The transcriptome sequences obtained in this study, which include PyHRG1, will facilitate future studies to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in heat tolerance in red algae.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.135-157
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• 2022

Religion has a very close relationship with our everyday lives. In particular, religion maintains an absolute and ultimate value system and is deeply associated with all sectors of society such as politics, economy, thought, arts, culture, and science. The original meaning of religion in Buddhism means the teachings that become fundamentals. There are numerous religions around the world, and each religion has its own object of faith, different system, and unique rites and lifestyles. Therefore, evaluating or denouncing other regions based on the doctrines or conventions of a specific religion can lead to conflicts and disputes. The Buddhist Vinaya Pitaka related to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) is a method regarding the operation of a community. Vinaya Pitaka contains Buddha's teachings about individual and organizational ethics and on community life and activities. It is the Buddhist dispute resolution (BDR) of the Vinayata Pitaka that contains knowledge on howto remedy disputes among the four types of disputes that can occur. Vinaya Pitaka contains the principles and systems of BDR, and it is sufficient background for succeeding in the development of harmony today. The messages of laws, ethics, and Buddhist teachings are clear in these characteristics. The systems, progress, and procedures for various rites, events, and disputes as well as for everyday life, etc. display a rational operating system through karma. In particular, when disputes occur, the cause of the dispute is resolved as much as possible through transparent fairness and being unanimous using the seven remedies for disputes. Buddhist priests pursue private autonomy of ADR through karma, repentance, acceptance, etc. to maintain and continue the integrated functions of Buddhist priest harmony.