• Title/Summary/Keyword: Knowledge Structure

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Pharmaco-medical Application of Antimicrobial Peptides Derived from Insect (곤충유래 항균 펩티드의 의약학적 적용)

  • Lee, Joon Ha;Kim, In-Woo;Kim, Mi-Ae;Yun, Eun Young;Hwang, Jae Sam
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.737-748
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    • 2016
  • By this time, insect antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been characterized more than 150 peptides since purification of cecropin in the hemolymph of pupae from Hyalophora cecropia in 1980. Therefore, it is considered that insects are good sources of AMP selection. Insect AMPs are small (low molecular weight) and cationic, and amphipathic with variable length, sequence, and structure. They perform a pivotal role on humoral immunity in the insect innate immune system against invading pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Most of the insect AMPs are induced rapidly in the fat bodies and other specific tissues of insects after septic injury or immune challenge. Then the AMPs subsequently released into the hemolymph to act against microorganisms. These peptides have a broad antimicrobial spectrum against various microbes including anticancer activities. Insect AMPs could be divided into four families based on their structures and sequences. That is the α-helical peptides, cysteine-rich peptides, proline-rich peptides, and glycine-rich peptides/proteins. For instance, cecropins, insect defensins, proline-rich peptides, and attacins are common insect AMPs, but gloverins and moricins have been identified only in lepidopteran species. This review focuses on AMPs from insects and discusses current knowledge and recent progress with potential applications of insect AMPs.

A Study on the Creation and Maintenance of Laboratory Notebooks in Scientific Laboratories of a University (자연과학분야 대학실험실에서의 연구노트 작성 및 관리에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jihyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.139-159
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    • 2011
  • This study investigated the perceived significance of laboratory(lab) notebooks and the creation and maintenance of them from the perspectives of graduate students and professors in science fields. Semi-structured interviews of three professors and four graduate students were conducted. The interviewees were from three university laboratories of physics, chemistry and biological science. While professors perceived administrative continuity to be a reason for creating lab notebooks, students valued lab notebooks as a memory, and emphasized learning professional knowledge and skills through the recordkeeping practice. Students understood the ownership of lab notebooks and professors wanted to keep lab notebooks until they retire. Interviewees focused more on the content of lab notebooks rather than the form and the structure. They were also not willing to adopt an electronic lab notebook system. Students learned how to create lab notebooks through a course, their current or former academic advisors, seniors in the lab or well-written sample lab notebooks. In particular, students have learned how to create lab notebooks within their laboratories, which are considered to be communities of practice. In this sense, professors responsible for managing laboratories play an important part in teaching students the recordkeeping practice. University archives should also be more concerned with managing and preserving lab notebooks created from their universities.

Ontological Categorizing of High School Students About Rocks and Crust, Plate Tectonics (암석과 지각, 판구조론에 대한 고등학교 학생들의 존재론적 범주화)

  • Jeong, Ku-Song
    • Journal of Science Education
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.56-68
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate students' ontological categories about rocks and the earth's crust and plate tectonics. A total of 169 high school students in the first grade were involved in the study, and in order to extend the boundary and tendency of the research, structuralized questions and coding frame were generated. Additionally, the results from all students were codified in four levels according to coding frame (matter, transformation, proto-process, and process). Followings are the results. First, the ontological categories of students about the concepts of this research were classified dominantly into a matter and transformation within the boundary of 67% of rocks, and 75% of the crust. The propensity of plate tectonics in terms of ontological category were analyzed by being codified into 68% of process category which proved to have relatively process-oriented perspective. Secondly, the inclination to allocate ontological categories of each students in terms of field concepts were confirmed in 16% and 31% per each student that were codified into process categories and matter categories. Most students that were codified into matter category responded to high tendency to view the world as a combination of simple substances. Moreover, the students had ontological faith that speculates only through a state or an incident in terms of concepts that form a structure of knowledge.

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The Student Teachers' Experience on Geography Teaching as a Participant Observer in the Secondary Schools (교생들이 관찰 경험한 중학교 지리 수업)

  • Kang, Chang-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.201-219
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    • 2007
  • To understand the structure and dynamics of different forms of learning, whether incidental or conscious, we have to study them as parts or aspects of concrete historical activities with specifiable contexts. This realization is more embodied in apprenticeship learning situations of the student teachers. In this perspective, this paper aims to understand the student teachers' experience on geography teaching as a participant observer in the secondary schools. The 9 student teachers during the teaching internship have written their 38 journals, which was quality analysed to find out key concepts for the purpose of this research. Major conclusions are suggested below as follows. First, the most student teachers were experienced in geography teaching in the secondary schools through the 2-weeks practice teaching. Second, in the positive perspective, student teachers observed on that teachers would teaching well interact with student and experienced teachers would settle down to student's studies. Third, in the negative perspective, student teachers observed on that teachers lecture with only text, and cooperative learning by student presentation in the geography class. Finally, In third person perspective, there is no students' or teachers' productive questions in the whole-class conversation. In addition to that the most mentor teachers lecture do all of the talking in class. In effect these student teachers' experiences, especially 'reality of the geography teaching' and 'practical knowledge of the novice mentor teachers or experienced mentor teachers', either reinforce or modify understanding about the geography teaching practices.

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A Study on the Brain Scientific Mechanism of Drawing Education - Focusing on the Animated Drawing (드로잉 교육의 뇌과학적 기제 연구 - 애니메이션 드로잉을 중심으로)

  • Park, Sung Won
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.36
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    • pp.217-236
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    • 2014
  • This study is a literature analytical process for studying the drawing teaching methods considering the professional characteristics of animation and a principle analytical process for studying the perspective that when teaching methods that consider the function, learning and creative mechanisms of the brain are applied, the animation drawing ability will be effectively increased. In recent years, as an alternative discussion on the educational method of each field, study results applied with brain-based learning principles are being presented. This is not only being applied and implemented for art and drawing education but as overall educational alternatives. On the other hand, animation drawing requires artistic literacy and at the same time requires comprehensive teaching methods that can train the structural knowledge, cognitive sensation and communication method but such professional teaching methods are insufficient. Therefore, the principle of effective education is seen through the brain mechanism and the principle of demonstrating the creativity and learning by the brain is analyzed. In addition, through the fundamental relationship on the picture drawing and the function of the brain, the relationship of the drawing and the brain is identified. As a result, not only for the left brain that observes the cognitive information which can draw the structure and shapes but the right brain which is directly related to the drawing should be developed, but in order to express the creativity, teaching methods that can understand the mechanism of comprehensive brain where physical and psychological factors are expressed should be also developed. It is because the animation drawing education is teaching the methods for demonstrating the characteristics of artistic creativity required for the drawing ability. This process will not only be a foundation for identifying the difference against the previous animation drawing teaching methods, and the brain-based principles will be selected as the core strategic definition for designing the strategy and methodological model of future education.

Interspecies Transfer and Regulation of Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 Nitrogen Fixation Island in Escherichia coli

  • Han, Yunlei;Lu, Na;Chen, Qinghua;Zhan, Yuhua;Liu, Wei Liu;Lu, Wei;Zhu, Baoli;Lin, Min;Yang, Zhirong;Yan, Yongliang
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.25 no.8
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    • pp.1339-1348
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    • 2015
  • Until now, considerable effort has been made to engineer novel nitrogen-fixing organisms through the transfer of nif genes from various diazotrophs to non-nitrogen fixers; however, regulatory coupling of the heterologous nif genes with the regulatory system of the new host is still not well understood. In this work, a 49 kb nitrogen fixation island from P. stutzeri A1501 was transferred into E. coli using a novel and efficient transformation strategy, and a series of recombinant nitrogen-fixing E. coli strains were obtained. We found that the nitrogenase activity of the recombinant E. coli strain EN-01, similar to the parent strain P. stutzeri A1501, was dependent on external ammonia concentration, oxygen tension, and temperature. We further found that there existed a regulatory coupling between the E. coli general nitrogen regulatory system and the heterologous P. stutzeri nif island in the recombinant E. coli strain. We also provided evidence that the E. coli general nitrogen regulator GlnG protein was involved in the activation of the nif-specific regulator NifA via a direct interaction with the NifA promoter. To the best of our knowledge, this work plays a groundbreaking role in increasing understanding of the regulatory coupling of the heterologous nitrogen fixation system with the regulatory system of the recipient host. Furthermore, it will shed light on the structure and functional integrity of the nif island and will be useful for the construction of novel and more robust nitrogen-fixing organisms through biosynthetic engineering.

A Study on the Reorganization of Science and Technology Law by Changes in the Science and Technology Environ (과학기술 환경 변화와 과학기술 법제 개편 방향)

  • Yoon, Chong-Min
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.881-915
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    • 2012
  • These days, according as the role and function of science and technology become a important solving means of various national and social problems caused in knowledge information society as well as the development of national economy, the national target and mission of science and technology have been newly illuminated. The task of science and technology has embodied into national policies, and these policies acquired institutional foundation through the legal system related to science and technology. Recently, the discussions about the operating system of present science and technology legislation are often happened, if or not the legal system is optimal and appropriate itself under the changed environment. In special, some issues are raised continuously, for example, about the improvement of coordination system on S&T policies, and the governance system on national R&D programs, etc. This paper aims to research and suggest the reorganization method of science and technology law. For this purpose, the development and existing state of S&T legislation was investigated, the government role and policy driving direction were reviewed under the recent changed environment, and the problems of S&T law in structure and content were analyzed in variety of perspectives. On this basis, the reorganization methods of science and technology law are suggested.

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(Buffer Management for the Router-based Reliable Multicast) (라우터 기반의 신뢰적 멀티캐스트를 위한 버퍼 관리)

  • 박선옥;안상현
    • Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.407-415
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    • 2003
  • As services requesting data transfer from a sender to a multiple number of receivers become popular, efficient group communication mechanisms like multicast get much attention. Since multicast is more efficient than unicast in terms of bandwidth usage and group management for group communication, many multicast protocols providing scalability and reliability have been proposed. Recently, router-supported reliable multicast protocols have been proposed because routers have the knowledge of the physical multicast tree structure and, in this scheme, repliers which retransmit lost packets are selected by routers. Repliers are selected dynamically based on the network situation, therefore, any receiver within a multicast group can become a replier Hence, all receivers within a group maintains a buffer for loss recovery within which received packets are stored. It is an overhead for all group receivers to store unnecessary packets. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new scheme which reduces resource usage by discarding packets unnecessary for loss recovery from the receiver buffer. Our scheme performs the replier selection and the loss recovery of lost packets based on the LSM [1] model, and discards unnecessary packets determined by ACKs from erasers which represent local groups.

Correlation between Self-evaluation Factor and Academic Achievement of Medical Students according to Introduction of Explanation Meeting in Cadaveric Dissection (해부설명회의 도입에 따른 의학전문대학원생들의 자기 평가 요인과 학업성취도 상관관계 분석)

  • Park, Jeong-Hyun;Kim, Jee-Hee;Kim, Kwang-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.11 no.7
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    • pp.2475-2482
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    • 2010
  • This study aimed to evaluate correlation between self-evaluation factors(satisfaction, linkage with major, suitability of management, verbal and non-verbal communication) and academic achievement of medical students according to introduction of explanation meeting in cadaveric dissection. The study was carried out that medical students(n=57) explained cadaveric structure to health allied sciences students and discussed with each other. Just after the meeting,, medical students filled out a questionnaire on impact of self-evaluation factors and communication. We analyzed these factors and their scores using frequency analysis, T-test and analysis of variance. Regardless of their gender, age, previous experience, the majority of the students gave high scores in all of self-evaluation factors. Among them, only verbal communication factor was closely related to their academic achievement(p<0.05). The verbal and non-verbal communication also had a high correlation of 0.673(p<0.01). The explanation meeting provided chance to learn further with positive attitude to medical students and motivated them academically. Additionally, they realized that communication skill played a key role in transmitting medical knowledge to others. Therefore, introduction of communication-based explanation meeting would be very useful tool in improving educational efficiency.

Antifungal Activity of Benzoic Acid from Bacillus subtilis GDYA-1 against Fungal Phytopathogens (Bacillus subtilis GDYA-1로부터 분리한 benzoic acid의 식물병원성 곰팡이에 대한 항균활성)

  • Yoon, Mi-Young;Seo, Kook-Hwa;Lee, Sang-Heon;Choi, Gyung-Ja;Jang, Kyoung-Soo;Choi, Yong-Ho;Cha, Byeong-Jin;Kim, Jin-Cheol
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2012
  • A bacterial strain antagonistic to some fungal phytopathogens was isolated from the stem of a Persimmon tree in Yeongam, Korea. This bacterium was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and designated as B. subtilis GDYA-1. In in vivo experiment, the fermentation broth exhibited antifungal activities against Magnaporthe oryzae on rice plants, Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants, and Puccinia recondita on wheat plants. We isolated one antifungal compound and its chemical structure was determined by mass and $^1H$-NMR spectral data. The antifungal substance was identified as benzoic acid. It inhibited mycelial growth of M. oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and P. capsici with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values, ranging from 62.5 to 125 ${\mu}g/ml$. Moreover, the substance effectively suppressed Phytophthora blight of red pepper caused by P. capsici in a pot experiment. To the author's knowledge, this is the first report on the antifungal activity of benzoic acid against phytopathogenic fungi. Benzoic acid and B. subtilis GDYA-1 may contribute to environmental-friendly protect crops from phytopathogenic fungi.