• 제목/요약/키워드: Knowledge Network Analysis

검색결과 729건 처리시간 0.034초

Use of Multimedia Technologies in Extra-Curricular Works in Order to Improve the Quality of Training of Future Specialists

  • Tverezovska, Nina;Kovbasa, Tetiana;Pryhalinska, Tetiana;Mykhniuk, Serhii;Lopushan, Tetiana;Radionova, Olena;Kuchai, Tetiana
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2022
  • The article deals with the role of extra-curricular work by means of multimedia technologies in order to improve the quality of training of future specialists. An important condition for achieving high results in training specialists is the optimal combination of classroom and independent extra-curricular work of students by means of multimedia technologies. Very significant is the development of student independence, the formation of skills of independent search activity, the ability to take responsibility, independently solve a problem, find constructive solutions, a way out of a crisis situation, and so on. Extra-curricular work forms students' ability to master the techniques of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison; develops flexibility of thinking; opens up opportunities for the development and stabilization of positive learning motives to activate the process of mastering knowledge by means of multimedia technologies as a means of forming the personality of a highly qualified specialist. The concept of multimedia as one of the priority areas of Information Technology, which plays a particularly important role in the process of informatization of education, is revealed, and its advantages in education are shown. The advent of multimedia systems optimizes transformations in education, in many areas of professional activity, science, art, etc. The necessity of distance learning to improve the quality of training of future specialists using multimedia technologies in extra-curricular work is justified. The effectiveness of pedagogical support in the process of distance learning is achieved by the following conditions, which is revealed in the article. Various forms and types of extra-curricular work of students that are used in the modern practice of the educational environment of a higher education institution are described. Scientific and informational activity is considered a key area of information activity. The analysis of scientific and information activities in the field of education allows us to identify its main functions, which emphasize the growing role of scientific information in the education system, in particular, extra-curricular work using multimedia technologies. Operational, complete, accurate, targeted information that meets objective and subjective needs becomes an important link between the field of management, science and practice.

Innovative Technology of Teaching Moodle in Higher Pedagogical Education: from Theory to Pactice

  • Iryna, Rodionova;Serhii, Petrenko;Nataliia, Hoha;Kushevska, Natalia;Tetiana, Siroshtan
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제22권8호
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    • pp.153-162
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    • 2022
  • Relevance. Innovative activities in education should be aimed at ensuring the comprehensive development of the individual and professional development of students. The main idea of modular technology is that the student should learn by himself, and the teacher manages his learning activities. The advantage of modular technology is the ability of the teacher to design the study of the material in the most interesting and accessible forms for this part of the study group and at the same time achieve the best learning results. Innovative Moodle technology. it is gaining popularity every day, significantly expanding the space of teaching and learning, allowing students to study inter-faculty university programs in depth. The purpose of this study is to assess the quality of implementation of the e-learning system Moodle. The study was conducted at the South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky in order to identify barriers to the effective implementation of innovative distance learning technologies Moodle and introduce a new model that will have a positive impact on the development of e-learning. Methodology. The paper used a combination of theoretical and empirical research methods. These include: scientific analysis of sources on this issue, which allowed us to formulate the initial provisions of the study; analysis of the results of students 'educational activities; pedagogical experiment; questionnaires; monitoring of students' activities in practical classes. Results. This article evaluates the implementation of the principles of distance learning in the process of teaching and learning at the University in terms of quality. The experiment involved 1,250 students studying at the South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky. The survey helped to identify the main barriers to the effective implementation of modern distance learning technologies in the educational process of the University: the lack of readiness of teachers and parents, the lack of necessary skills in applying computer systems of online learning, the inability to interact with the teaching staff and teachers, the lack of a sufficient number of academic consultants online. In addition, internal problems are investigated: limited resources, unevenly distributed marketing advantages, inappropriate administrative structure, and lack of innovative physical capabilities. The article allows us to solve these problems by gradually implementing a distance learning model that is suitable for any university, regardless of its specialization. The Moodle-based e-learning system proposed in this paper was designed to eliminate the identified barriers. Models for implementing distance learning in the learning process were built according to the CAPDM methodology, which helps universities and other educational service providers develop and manage world-class online distance learning programs. Prospects for further research focus on evaluating students' knowledge and abilities over the next six months after the introduction of the proposed Moodle-based program.

특정직 경호공무원의 전직역량에 대한 보유수준 분석 및 전직지원방안 연구 (A Study on Outplacement Countermeasure and Retention Level Examination Analysis about Outplacement Competency of Special Security Government Official)

  • 김범석
    • 시큐리티연구
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    • 제33호
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    • pp.51-80
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    • 2012
  • 이 연구의 목적은 특정직 경호공무원의 전직 역량에 대한 특정직 경호공무원들의 보유수준 조사를 통한 전직지원방안을 제시하는데 있으며, 이를 위해 특정직 경호공무원 중 전직관련 대상자로서 40대 이상 5급 사무관 이상 전직 유경험자인 전직 성공자와 전직 실패자, 전직 희망자인 전직 예정자 600명을 대상으로 지식역량군의 전문지식, 전직관련 지식, 자기이해, 조직이해, 기술역량군의 직무기술역량, 직무수행기술, 문제해결기술, 혁신기술, 커뮤니케이션기술, 조직관리기술, 위기관리기술, 경력개발기술, 인적네트워크 활용기술, 태도 및 감정역량군의 긍정적 태도, 적극적 태도, 책임감, 직업정신, 헌신적 태도, 친화력, 자기조절능력, 가치 및 윤리역량군의 윤리의식, 도덕성 등 4개 역량군 22개 하위역량의 보유수준에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 최종적으로 유효한 설문 응답자 153명의 4개 역량 군 22개 하위역량 항목에 대한 설문조사 분석결과, 현재 보유수준 값이 4.0이상인 전문지식, 긍정적 태도, 책임감, 윤리의식, 도덕성 역량 등에 있어서는 어느 정도 갖추었다고 생각하고 있으나, 그 외 역량에 대해서는 보통이하 점수로 다소 낮게 나타나, 이들 역량들에 대해서는 아직은 부족하다고 인식하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 역량 강화를 위한 특정직 경호공무원의 성공적인 전직지원방안으로서는 전직에 대한 인식과 개념을 재정립하고 현실을 직시할 수 있도록 눈높이를 낮추어야 하며, 전직에 필요한 역량으로서 다소 부족하다고 느끼고 있는 역량들에 대해서는 평소에 관심을 가지고 적극적인 개발 및 강화 노력이 요구된다. 제도적 차원에서 이러한 전직 역량을 갖출 수 있도록 퇴직 전 중 후 전직 교육훈련 강화 및 현 교육훈련체계 반영, 수요자 중심의 온-오프 상 교육훈련시스템 운영, 학습조직화 등 전직교육훈련 인프라를 구축할 필요성이 있다.

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Video UGC 제작 동기와 행위 과정에 관한 이해: 구현의도이론 (Theory of Implementation Intentions)의 적용을 중심으로 (Understanding User Motivations and Behavioral Process in Creating Video UGC: Focus on Theory of Implementation Intentions)

  • 김형진;송세민;이호근
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제19권4호
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    • pp.125-148
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    • 2009
  • UGC(User Generated Contents) is emerging as the center of e-business in the web 2.0 era. The trend reflects changing roles of users in production and consumption of contents on websites and helps us to understand new strategies of websites such as web portals and social network websites. Nowadays, we consume contents created by other non-professional users for both utilitarian (e.g., knowledge) and hedonic values (e.g., fun). Also, contents produced by ourselves (e.g., photo, video) are posted on websites so that our friends, family, and even the public can consume those contents. This means that non-professionals, who used to be passive audience in the past, are now creating contents and share their UGCs with others in the Web. Accessible media, tools, and applications have also reduced difficulty and complexity in the process of creating contents. Realizing that users create plenty of materials which are very interesting to other people, media companies (i.e., web portals and social networking websites) are adjusting their strategies and business models accordingly. Increased demand of UGC may lead to website visits which are the source of benefits from advertising. Therefore, they put more efforts into making their websites open platforms where UGCs can be created and shared among users without technical and methodological difficulties. Many websites have increasingly adopted new technologies such as RSS and openAPI. Some have even changed the structure of web pages so that UGC can be seen several times to more visitors. This mainstream of UGCs on websites indicates that acquiring more UGCs and supporting participating users have become important things to media companies. Although those companies need to understand why general users have shown increasing interest in creating and posting contents and what is important to them in the process of productions, few research results exist in this area to address these issues. Also, behavioral process in creating video UGCs has not been explored enough for the public to fully understand it. With a solid theoretical background (i.e., theory of implementation intentions), parts of our proposed research model mirror the process of user behaviors in creating video contents, which consist of intention to upload, intention to edit, edit, and upload. In addition, in order to explain how those behavioral intentions are developed, we investigated influences of antecedents from three motivational perspectives (i.e., intrinsic, editing software-oriented, and website's network effect-oriented). First, from the intrinsic motivation perspective, we studied the roles of self-expression, enjoyment, and social attention in forming intention to edit with preferred editing software or in forming intention to upload video contents to preferred websites. Second, we explored the roles of editing software for non-professionals to edit video contents, in terms of how it makes production process easier and how it is useful in the process. Finally, from the website characteristic-oriented perspective, we investigated the role of a website's network externality as an antecedent of users' intention to upload to preferred websites. The rationale is that posting UGCs on websites are basically social-oriented behaviors; thus, users prefer a website with the high level of network externality for contents uploading. This study adopted a longitudinal research design; we emailed recipients twice with different questionnaires. Guided by invitation email including a link to web survey page, respondents answered most of questions except edit and upload at the first survey. They were asked to provide information about UGC editing software they mainly used and preferred website to upload edited contents, and then asked to answer related questions. For example, before answering questions regarding network externality, they individually had to declare the name of the website to which they would be willing to upload. At the end of the first survey, we asked if they agreed to participate in the corresponding survey in a month. During twenty days, 333 complete responses were gathered in the first survey. One month later, we emailed those recipients to ask for participation in the second survey. 185 of the 333 recipients (about 56 percentages) answered in the second survey. Personalized questionnaires were provided for them to remind the names of editing software and website that they reported in the first survey. They answered the degree of editing with the software and the degree of uploading video contents to the website for the past one month. To all recipients of the two surveys, exchange tickets for books (about 5,000~10,000 Korean Won) were provided according to the frequency of participations. PLS analysis shows that user behaviors in creating video contents are well explained by the theory of implementation intentions. In fact, intention to upload significantly influences intention to edit in the process of accomplishing the goal behavior, upload. These relationships show the behavioral process that has been unclear in users' creating video contents for uploading and also highlight important roles of editing in the process. Regarding the intrinsic motivations, the results illustrated that users are likely to edit their own video contents in order to express their own intrinsic traits such as thoughts and feelings. Also, their intention to upload contents in preferred website is formed because they want to attract much attention from others through contents reflecting themselves. This result well corresponds to the roles of the website characteristic, namely, network externality. Based on the PLS results, the network effect of a website has significant influence on users' intention to upload to the preferred website. This indicates that users with social attention motivations are likely to upload their video UGCs to a website whose network size is big enough to realize their motivations easily. Finally, regarding editing software characteristic-oriented motivations, making exclusively-provided editing software more user-friendly (i.e., easy of use, usefulness) plays an important role in leading to users' intention to edit. Our research contributes to both academic scholars and professionals. For researchers, our results show that the theory of implementation intentions is well applied to the video UGC context and very useful to explain the relationship between implementation intentions and goal behaviors. With the theory, this study theoretically and empirically confirmed that editing is a different and important behavior from uploading behavior, and we tested the behavioral process of ordinary users in creating video UGCs, focusing on significant motivational factors in each step. In addition, parts of our research model are also rooted in the solid theoretical background such as the technology acceptance model and the theory of network externality to explain the effects of UGC-related motivations. For practitioners, our results suggest that media companies need to restructure their websites so that users' needs for social interaction through UGC (e.g., self-expression, social attention) are well met. Also, we emphasize strategic importance of the network size of websites in leading non-professionals to upload video contents to the websites. Those websites need to find a way to utilize the network effects for acquiring more UGCs. Finally, we suggest that some ways to improve editing software be considered as a way to increase edit behavior which is a very important process leading to UGC uploading.

키워드 프로파일링에 기초한 국외 공공도서관 프로그램 분야의 연구 동향 분석 (Research Trends Analysis in the field of Overseas Public Library Programs based on Keyword Profiling)

  • 김판준
    • 한국문헌정보학회지
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    • 제56권3호
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    • pp.27-46
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    • 2022
  • 오늘날 공공도서관은 다양한 프로그램을 통해 이용자의 요구를 파악하고 대응하기 위한 능력과 서비스를 강화하면서 우리사회에 깊이 기여하고 있다. 그러나 공공도서관 프로그램의 연구 현황이나 시간의 흐름에 따른 변화를 분석한 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 따라서 국외 공공도서관 프로그램 분야의 연구 동향을 체계적으로 파악하기 위한 목적으로, 키워드 프로파일링에 기초한 지적구조 분석을 수행하였다. 구체적으로 LISTA 데이터베이스에서 검색한 학술지 논문의 통제키워드(주제어)에 기초하여 주제어 분석, 네트워크 분석 및 군집 분석, 시기별/연도별 분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과로 첫째, 전역·인기·지역주제에 모두 해당하는 9개 주제들이 국외 공공도서관 프로그램 분야의 연구를 주도하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 국외 공공도서관 프로그램 분야의 5개 연구 영역(문화 프로그램, 아웃리치 프로그램, 활동 프로그램, 공공서비스, 지역사회)을 시각화하여 명확하게 식별할 수 있었다. 셋째, 국외 공공도서관 프로그램 분야의 연구는 1990년대 후반에 본격적으로 시작되어 2000년대 중반부터 2010년대 초반까지 활성화되었고, 그 이후 최근까지는 다소 정체된 상황에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 최근 공공도서관의 주요 업무로 부상한 프로그램에 대한 연구 동향을 구체적으로 규명한 결과로서, 향후 공공도서관 프로그램의 발전 방향을 모색할 수 있는 기초적인 데이터 및 사전 지식으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

토픽 모델링을 활용한 한국의 창업생태계 트렌드 변화 분석 (Analysis on Dynamics of Korea Startup Ecosystems Based on Topic Modeling)

  • 손희영;이명종;변영조
    • 지식경영연구
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.315-338
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    • 2022
  • 1986년, 한국은 국가발전의 주축인 중소기업 창업지원을 위한 법 제도를 마련하였다. 이를 기반으로 지난 30여년간 창업정책의 수립 및 발전을 거듭하여 매년 100만 개가 넘는 신규 창업기업이 설립되는 역동적인 창업생태계를 구축하였다. 국가의 정책 방향과 사회, 경제, 문화 등의 외부환경 영향, 그리고 창업지원의 역사를 주요 이슈별로 분석하여 도출된 핵심문장 또는 키워드는 시대별 지원의 특징과 국가지원의 중심내용 등을 확인하는 데 매우 유용하다. 본 연구는 한국의 창업생태계 트렌드 변화를 분석하기 위해 1991년부터 2020년 12월까지 30년간의 언론기사에서 '창업', '벤처', '스타트업' 키워드가 포함된 118만여 건을 추출하고 네트워크 분석과 토픽 모델링을 활용하였다. 분석결과, 한국의 창업생태계 트렌드는 기업 및 산업육성, 확산 그리고 규제 완화, 활황 등, 정부 중심으로 스타트업 생태계의 변화와 발전이 이루어졌음을 파악할 수 있었으며, 다빈도 키워드 분석결과, 생태계 구성요인 간의 연계 활동을 통하여 기업가적인 생산성이 창출되었다. 생산성 창출의 주요 요인으로 한국은 대기업의 휴대폰 산업 발전과 이와 관련된 콘텐츠 스타트업의 성장, 인터넷과 쇼핑몰 중심의 플랫폼 기업의 발전, 그리고 청년창업과 글로벌 진출, 모바일과 인터넷 인프라 중심의 창업기업육성 노력 등으로 파악할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 30년간의 언론기사를 텍스트마이닝과 토픽 모델링을 활용하여 트렌드를 도출하였다. 이는 선행연구가 기존 정부와 정책의 변경 시기를 기준으로 트렌드 변화를 분석한 것과 달리, 언론기사의 키워드와 토픽 변화를 기준으로 창업생태계의 트렌드 변화를 분석하였다는 점에서 학술적 의의뿐만 아니라, 30년 간의 창업생태계 변화 및 주요이슈를 조명해 봄으로써 향후 창업지원의 방향성을 예측할 수 있는 실무적 시사점을 제공하였다.

오아시스(전통의학정보포털)의 미래모형 설계를 위한 정보화전략계획 연구 (The Study of Information Strategy Plan to Design OASIS' Future Model)

  • 예상준;김철;김진현;김상균;장현철;김익태;장윤지;성보석;송미영
    • 한국한의학연구원논문집
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2011
  • Objectives : We studied the ISP(information strategy plan) of oasis spanning 5 years. From this study we aimed at total road map to upgrade the service systematically and to carry out the related projects. If we do it as road map, oasis will be the core infra service contributing to the improvement of TKM(traditional korean medicine) research capability. Methods : We carried out 3 step ISP method composed of environmental analysis, current status analysis and future plan. We used paper, report and trend analysis document as base materials and did the survey to get opinions from users and TKM experts. We limited this study to drawing the conceptual design of oasis. Results : From environmental analysis we knew that China and USA built up the largest TM databases. We did the survey to get the activation ways of oasis. And we did the benchmarking on the advanced services through current status analysis. Finally we determined 'maximize the research value based the open TKM knowledge infra' as oasis' vision. And we designed oasis' future system which is composed of service layer, application layer and contents layer. Conclusion : First TKM related documents, research materials, researcher information and standards are merged to elevate the TKM information level. Concretely large scale TKM information infra project such as TKM information classification code development, TKM library network building and CAM research information offering are carried out at the same time.

창의공학적 문제해결성향에 기여한 과학-공학 융합수업의 특성 (Characteristics of Science-Engineering Integrated Lessons Contributed to the Improvement of Creative Engineering Problems Solving Propensity)

  • 이동영;남윤경
    • 대한지구과학교육학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.285-298
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 공학 설계를 적용한 과학 수업이 참여 학생들의 창의공학적 문제해결성향에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구에서 사용된 공학 설계를 적용한 과학 수업은 미국 미네소타대학과 퍼듀대학에서 공동 제작한 10차시의 프로그램을 번역하여 사용하였으며, P 광역시에 소재한 H 초등학교 6학년 24명의 학생들에게 적용하였다. 본 연구의 주요 데이터는 연구 사전과 사후에 수집한 창의공학적 문제해결성향 검사지이다. 창의적 공학문제해결력 검사는 대응표본 t-검증과 계층적 군집분석을 통해 분석하였다. t-검증 결과 공학 설계를 적용한 과학 수업은 전반적으로 참여 학생들의 창의공학적 문제해결성향에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 군집분석 결과 창의공학적 문제해결성향은 2가지 군으로 분류할 수 있다는 것을 확인하였으며, 5명의 학생의 경우 사전과 사후에 유의미한 차이로 성향(분류군)이 바뀐 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 군집의 변화가 생긴 5명의 학생들을 인터뷰하여 중심도 분석을 실시하고 하이브리드 분석 방법에 따라 해석한 결과, 학생들이 공통적으로 경험한 것은 '협업을 통한 문제해결'과 '반복실험(재설계)를 통한 문제해결', 그리고 '과학 지식의 활용'으로 나타났으며, 소수반응으로 '최선의 실험방법 선택'과 '과학과 공학의 차이' 등이 나타났다.

글로벌 제휴네트워크에서 파트너선정이 구조화, 제휴관리, 제휴안정도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 (An Empirical Analysis on The Effects of Partner Selection on Structuring, Management on Stability in Global Alliance Networks of Korean Companies)

  • 정종식
    • 통상정보연구
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.263-280
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 글로벌 제휴네트워크에서 파트너선정이 구조화, 제휴관리, 제휴안정도에 미치는 영향을 실증하기 위하여 업체 137곳에 협조를 요청하여 수거한 설문지 중 불성실하게 응답한 것을 제외한 나머지 117개를 분석하였다. 설문은 총 18개로 구성하였고 5점 리커트 척도로 측정하였으며, 분석은 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 요인분석, 확인 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형분석, 회귀분석을 각각 하였다. 분석결과, 구조방정식 모형분석에서 파트너 선정은 구조화, 제휴관리에 정(+)으로 영향을 미쳤고, 구조화는 제휴관리에 정(+)으로 영향을 미쳤으며, 파트너 선정과 구조화와 제휴관리가 제휴안정도에 정(+)으로 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 회귀분석에서 파트너 선정, 구조화, 제휴관리가 제휴안정도에 영향을 미쳤고, 특히 제휴관리가 가장 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 요약하면 파트너 선정, 구조화, 제휴관리는 제휴안정도에 영향을 미쳤는데, 특히 제휴관리는 영향을 많이 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 문화, 자원, 제휴경험 등이 비대칭인 기업들이 제휴목표를 각각 추구하며 발생할 수 있는 차이, 갈등 등을 극복하려면 제휴활동에 고유한 문화, 관리체계 등을 확립하여야 함을 나타낸다. 본 연구는 글로벌 제휴네트워크에서 제휴안정도 결정요인을 규명하였지만 연구대상을 기업에 한정하였기 때문에 제휴네트워크에 참여한 연구기관, 기업지원기관, 교육기관 등을 다루지 않아 연구결과를 일반화하기 어렵다. 향후에 이를 보완한다면 참여주체별 특성을 파악할 수 있을 것이다.

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Stakeholders' Opinion on the Desired Characteristics of Nursing School Graduates and Factors Concerning Nursing Curriculum Development in Thailand

  • Kittiboonthawal, Prapai;Siriwanij, Wareewan;Ubolwan, Kanyarat;Maneechot, Munthana
    • Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.319-345
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    • 2018
  • Effective higher educational management in undergraduate nursing programs is an important issue from the viewpoint of stakeholders. This qualitative research aimed to examine the characteristics of nursing students and curriculum development of undergraduate nursing education from the opinions of Boromarajonani College of Nursing Saraburi, Thailand stakeholders. The population included 4 groups: 1) the alumni who have graduated within the past 5 years and currently work in primary, secondary, and tertiary care units, 2) the supervisors and colleagues of the alumni, 3) nursing lecturers, and 4) the current nursing students. The respondents who are the alumni, nursing lecturers, and current nursing student were selected using a purposive sampling, for the supervisors and colleagues were selected using snowball techniques. Semi-structured interview questions were used for data collection. Group discussions were conducted until saturation on 55 key informants. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Results showed the viewpoints of stakeholders on the characteristics of future nurse graduates were comprised of four elements: knowledge that meets standards; essential skills for self-development and lifelong learning process; good morals and professional ethics in providing nursing care; and nurse competencies in teamwork, communication, language, research, management, IT, life skills, and global literacy. The viewpoints on the development of the nursing curriculum focus on four elements: the learner, teaching and learning, course content, and instructor tasks. For learners, the admission criteria should include a minimum not only of knowledge, but also positive attitude, science, and art skills, since the nursing profession is both a science and the art of caring. Teaching and learning elements should be authentic, including exposure to real situations, an integrated network, and activities that improve nursing care. Course content was comprised of an updated curriculum, humanized nursing care, student center, theory and practice with moral integration, case-based study, critical thinking, multidisciplinary work, and love for the nursing profession. Instructor tasks are to elicit student ideas, provide opportunities to learn, support infrastructure, support technology use, and extra-curricular activities to develop the competencies of nursing students. Recommendations were that the curriculum administration should review the selection process of student candidates and instructional management to achieve expected outcomes of nursing characteristics in the future. The nurse lecturer should provide authentic and integrated instruction, decrease lecturing, cultivate a lifelong learning process, and sustain the nursing characteristics.