• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pH control and ozonation, coagulation on trihalomethanes (THMs) formation during prechlorination of the Nakdong river water. The results showed that lower pH was reduced THMs formation during prechlorination. THMs formation of water lowered pH 9.5 to 9.0, was reduced 18.3% and lowered pH 9.0 to 8.0 was reduced 14%, lowered pH 8.0 to 7.0 was reduced 7%, lowered pH 9.5 to 8.0 was reduced 29%. A low ozone dose ($0.11{\sim}0.48mg{\cdot}O_3/DOC$) before chlorination reduced the yields of THMs (reduced 6~24% in chlorination) compared with no preozonation. Thus the low ozone dose pretreatment is relatively effective plan to reduce THMs formation during chlorination. When ozone 1.0 mg/L, Alum 40 mg/L and sulfuric acid 6 mg/L dosed, The yields of THMs formation was reduced 42% compared with only chlorination. Input of chlorine after preozonation (followed coagulation, pH control) is more effective than only decline pH at a intake station to control THMs formation in a water treatment process. When chlorine 2.5 mg/L was added before coagulation (alum 40 mg/L), THMs formation was reduced 19% by lower pH and decreased 18% by a natural organic matter (NOM) removal compared with only chlorine 2.5 mg/L addition. Because coagulation could induce simultaneously lower pH and NOM removal, THM formation concentration is more effectively lowed than decreasing pH in the Nakdong river water.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.885-891
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• 2014

This study investigated the physiochemical properties of Kanjang (soy sauce) contaning Astragalus memyranaceus to improve the acceptability and functionalities of Kanjang during its six-month ripening period. Kanjang was fermented in the traditional manner, and then 5 and 10% Astragalus memyranaceus (AM) were added to two samples of it, respectively. The pH, salinity, sugar content, crude protein, amino nitrogen, optical density, total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and sensory test results of Kanjang contaning Astragalus memyranaceus (AK) were then investigated. The pH remained the same in the two samples. The salinity was slowly increased, and the sugar content ($^{\circ}Brix$) was highest after 3 months. The crude protein and amino nitrogen contents increased with time. The optical density showed significant differences according to the rate of addition of AM. The total polyphenol contents were highest in the AK 5% sample aged for six months (up to 25.01 mg/mL). The flavonoid contents of the AK 5% sample was higher at five months (up to 200.15 mg/mL). Finally, the sensory test results of the AK 5% sample was higher than that of the other sample. These results suggest that Kanjang containing 5% Astragalus memyranaceus can be used as a functional Kanjang.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2015

In order to develop optimum paddy-upland rotation system, we evaluated the 1st and the 2nd upland growth and yield characteristics of foxtail millet, proso millet, sorghum rotated from paddy field and rice rotated from upland in paddy-upland rotation. Average number of ears per hill was 3.3 in the 2nd upland cultivation. The value was greater by 1 ear as compared to 1st upland cultivation (2.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 220.3 kg, 23% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (179 kg per 10a). In average number of ears per hill, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 8.3 ears, increased 4 ears compared to the 1st upland cultivation (4.2 ears per hill). In average yield per 10a, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 152.8 kg, 16.8% increased yield compared to the 1st upland cultivation (130.8 kg per 10a). In average days from seeding to heading of 5 sorghum varieties, there were no significant difference between the 1st (68.6 days) and the 2nd (67.4 days) upland cultivation rotated from paddy field. In the average number of grains per ears, the 2nd upland cultivation showed 2,931.6 grains per ear, 12% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (2,619.6 grains per ears). Average yield per 10a of sorghum in the 2nd upland cultivation showed 242.3 kg, 4.6% increased compared to the 1st upland cultivation (231.7 kg per 10a). In growth and yield characteristics of rice in paddy-upland rotation, culm length in paddy-upland-paddy plot showed 82.9 cm, 7.3 cm longer compared to the continuous rice paddy field (75.6 cm). Ear length was also 1 cm longer than that of the continuous rice paddy field. In average number of ears per hill, paddy-upland-paddy plot showed 25.0 ears, 4.3 ears more than that of the continuous rice paddy field (20.7 ears per hill). In average yield of rice per 10a, the paddy-upland-paddy rotation plot showed 526.8 kg, 9.8% higher yield compared to the continuous rice paddy field (479.9 kg per 10a).

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1822-1831
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• 2015

This study was carried out to optimize coating process of the rice snack added with dried shrimp powder by using single extruder. A total of 8 independent variables were used for 4 independent variables of edible oil coating and 4 independent variables of seasoning coating. 4 independent variables for edible oil coating were set up as 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% for the content of edible oil; 40, 50, 60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C$ for the tumbler temperature; 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 rpm for the tumbler speed; 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 min for the coating time. 4 independent variables for seasoning coating were set up as 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6% for the content of seasoning; 40, 50, 60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C$ for the tumbler temperature; 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 rpm for the tumbler speed; 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 min for the coating time. The characteristics of the dependent variables as coating yield and Breaking ratio of collet due to the condition changes of the independent variable was studied during process of edible oil coating and seasoning coating, respectively. As a results of this study, 20% of edible oil content, $70^{\circ}C$ of tumbler temperature, 80 rpm of tumbler speed, 4 min of coating time for process of edible oil coating, 3% of seasoning content, $60^{\circ}C$ of tumbler temperature, 70 rpm of tumbler speed, 3 min of coating time for process of seasoning coating were found to be the most preferable over other independent variables for the production of snack. In conclusion, it is necessary to set the independent variable in order to produce the high quality snack added with the rice as the main raw material and dried shrimp, edible oil and seasoning as the sub-materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.750-756
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• 2010

This study was performed to examine the shelf life and qualities of wet noodle with Morus alba L. root and Curcuma aromatica extracts (MCE) during storage at $4^{\circ}C$. Lightness and redness of wet noodle were decreased with increasing amounts of MCE added in noodle while yellowness was increased. The viable cell and molds count of wet noodle with MCE was reduced about 1~2 log cycle as compared with control during storage time. Also the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) value of wet noodle with MCE was lower than that of control. Hence the wet noodle with MCE has shown remarkable antioxidation effect. In sensory evaluation, the wet noodle containing the ratio of 2.5:0.02 of M. alba : C. aromatica was preferred than the control. From these results, the addition of 2.5% of M. alba and 0.02% of C. aromatica extracts in wet noodle had a good effect on improvement of preservation and development of quality.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2007

LPS induces the synthesis of several inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, NO and inflammation in the liver of rats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of Rubus coreanum Miquel (RCM) In lipid metabolism. RCM of 100 mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5ml/kg for 20 days. On the day 21, 1.5ml/kg of LPS was injected 4 hours before anesthetization. We examined the lipid-related functions by measuring the levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total lipid (TL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum and malondialdehyde(MDA) in liver tissue. The results showed that LPS treatment increased the values of TG, TC, TL and MDA, decreasing that of HDL-C. But RCM pretreatment decreased the high values of TG, TC, TL and MDA to the low values and increased the low value of HDL-C to the high value. These results suggested that RCM could be used as the potential candidate for the lipid metabolism natural supplement.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.358-363
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. Soldam at different growth stages (sample 1-8). Previous studies shows that this fruits possess hematopoiesis effect, osteoporosis prevention, and antimutagenic effects. Prunus salicina Lindl. cv. soldam was picked in every 5 days from the 40th day before harvesting date for marketing in Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk. The fruits at different growth stages (sample 1-8) were extracted with 60$\%$ acetone and chlorophyll in the extracts was removed. In proximate compositions, the contents of moisture of sample 1, 5, 8 were 88.52, 87.01, 83.56$\%$ ; crude ash were 7.12, 3.35, 3.57$\%$ ; crude protein were 7.52, 5.55, 3.85$\%$ ; crude fat contents were 3.20, 0.99, 5.15$\%$, respectively. The contents of total polyphenols and condensed tannin in the acetone extracts from sample 1, 5, 8 were 10.67, 4.05, 2.57$\%$, and 8.36, 3.11, 1.88$\%$, respectively. The antioxidantive effect of acetone extracts from immature fruits showed strong scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals. The RC$_{50}$ values of the extracts from sample 1, 2 were 2.23, 9.70 $\mu$g/mL, respectively while those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BRA) was 5.25 $\mu$g/mL. The extracts from immature fruits showed over 85$\%$ inhibition on peroxidation of linoleic acid at 100 $\mu$g/mL as determined by both the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.421-436
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to develop the customized instructional programs by the causes of science underachievement and to identify the effectiveness of these programs. For these, we analyzed the characteristics of underachievers and causes of science underachievement and classified 22 7th grade science underachievers into three different types such as lack of science process skill, lack of science learning motivation, and lack of science learning strategy. They then were divided into the experimental and comparative groups. Instructional programs treated for both groups covered the same topics and were conducted once a week for 60 minutes each time for 15 weeks. Eleven students in the comparative group were treated with an activity-centered science program that dealt with basic science concepts. Unlike science underachievers in the comparative group, those in the experimental group were given customized instructional program. After the treatment, students were administered several tests including a test on awareness of the program, science process skill test, science learning motivation and strategy test, and academic science achievement test. In addition to the results of those tests, worksheets, daily activity reports, and interviews were used to evaluate a customized instructional program that was applied to the experimental group. Results of the study showed that these programs relieved science underachievers from the cause of poor achievement and accordingly help them achieve better performance in academics. In addition, both lack of learning motivation and lack of learning strategy types tended to relieve the other causes of science underachievement. Also, the experimental group showed a high level of satisfaction with the customized instructional programs.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Objective : This study was to find out the level of sensory process type, adult attachment and interpersonal problems on university students and then to investigate the correlation. Methods : For this study, 169 students who don't know about the evaluation tool in university students of K area in Korea were participated. To execute evaluation, Adolescents/Adults Sensory Profile (AASP) was used for the sensory process type, Short Form of the Korean Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scale (KIIP-SC) was used for interpersonal problems, and Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised (ECR-R) was used for the adult attachment. The correlation between sensory process type and interpersonal problems, adult attachment was analyzed by using pearson correlation analysis. Results : Sensory process type of university students appeared that sensory seeking was lower than general people, and the rest of items showed similar results with general people. For interpersonal problems, there was a lot of difficulty in self-sacrificing and overly accommodating, whereas there was a little difficulty in vindictive and domineering / controlling. For adult attachment, attachment avoiding was more stable than attachment anxiety. Also, low registration and sensory sensitivity all showed positive correlation with interpersonal problems and adult attachment. Among interpersonal problems, self-sacrificing and intrusive showed positive correlation with sensory seeking whereas cold, socially inhibited, nonassertive, and overly accommodating showed positive correlation with sensory avoiding. Thus, sensory seeking and sensory avoiding showed different results (p<.05). Conclusion : In occupational therapy clinic, not only the disabled but non-disabled people that experience issue of interpersonal problems and attachment could be helped with managing high quality social activity if they execute intervention according to sensory process type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.642-650
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• 2016

Cynanchi wilfordii Radix (CW) and Perilla sikokiana (PS) were extracted under different conditions to study their antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity activities. Their potentials as functional food ingredients were investigated. The highest total phenol contents were $15.74{\pm}0.69mg/g$ for CW100 [100% fermented ethanol (FE) extract from CW] and $39.37{\pm}3.46mg/g$ for PS50 (50% FE extract from PS). When extracts were processed at 1 mg/mL, DPPH radical scavenging activities were $79.79{\pm}0.79%$ and $82.69{\pm}1.07%$, respectively, at CW100 and PS50. ABTS radical scavenging activities were $80.20{\pm}2.86%$ and $75.00{\pm}1.78%$, respectively, at CW100 and PS50. However, ferric reducing antioxidant power activities at 1 mg/mL were higher than 80% for PS under all extraction conditions. The highest ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities were $51.56{\pm}0.56{\sim}59.2{\pm}1.13%$ at CW50 and $46.70{\pm}0.32{\sim}66.17{\pm}0.55%$ at PS0. Cell differentiation inhibitory effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were $29.49{\pm}2.98%$ at CW100 and $23.31{\pm}0.61%$ at PS50. The inhibitory effect of the CW100-PS50 mixture was $43.03{\pm}1.63%$, which was significantly higher than those of individual extracts.