• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 2002

Taurine (2-ethaneaminosulfonic acid, $^+{NH}_3{CH_2}{CH_2}{SO_3^{-}}$) is endogenous amino acid with functions as modulator of osmoregulation, antioxidation, detoxification, transmembrane calcium transport, and a free radical scavenger in mammalian tissues. Taurine transporter(TAUT) contains 12 transmembrane helices, which are typical of the $Na^+$- and $Cl^-$-dependent transporter gene family, and has been cloned recently from several species and tissues. To analyze the expression of TAUT mRNA, one step RT-PCR was performed from human and mouse cultured cell lines and from various mouse tissues. The primers were designed to encode highly conserved amino acid sequences at the second transmembrane domain and at the fourth and fifth intracellular domains. RT-PCR analysis showed both of the human intestine HT-29 and mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cell lines expressed mRNA of TAUT. To define the expression patterns of the TAUT mRNA in the murine organs, RT-PCR was performed to detect cDNA representing TAUT mRNA from seven different mouse tissues. The TAUT was detected in all of the mouse tissues analyzed such as heart, lung, thymus, kidney, liver, spleen and brain. A large amount of transcript was fecund from heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and brain, while lung contained a very small amount of transcript.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

In this study, imported ornamental goldfish (Oranda and black moor) with high mortality was investigated with histopathological analysis. Fishes showed clinical symptoms characterized by gill necrosis and cumulative mortality ranging from 60% to 90% within a month after import from Thailand and China in 2021. CyHV-2 was detected in gill, kidney, spleen and liver of goldfishes. Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial necrosis, intranuclear inclusion bodies associated with viral symptoms in epithelial cell, macrophage infiltration and vacuolation in secondary lamella. In addition, disseminated granuloma formation was observed in various organs such as kidney, heart and mesenchymal membranes. These lesions refer to coinfections with CyHV-2 and other pathogens that cause chronic inflammation, which leads to mortality. Therefore, early disease monitoring needs to reduce the mortality when ornamental goldfish is imported.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2003

The effect on kidney, gill, and hepatopancreas of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were investigated by histological method under limit concentration of effulent of PCBs for 60 days. The free surface of epithelial cell layer in the renal tubules of kidney showed a strong positive reaction in alcian blue during all exposure period. There were also observed swelling of hemocyte in glomerulus and macrophage. At 60 days after exposure, epithelium of the renal tubules was fused and some of organism $(20\%)$ showed damage of glomerulus and eosinophlic cell in epithelium of the renal tubules. The phenomena such as the activation and increase of the chloride cell, and swelling of hemocyte in the capillary of gill were observed during all exposure period. At 60 days after exposure, swelling of the gill filament and mucous cell appeared in gill and some of organism $(30\%)$ showed swelling of the gill lamellar. Swelling of hemocyte in the capillary of hepatopancreas was observed and the free surface of epithelial layer of the bile duct showed positive reaction in alcian blue during all exposure period. Degenerated zymogen in the pancreas and swelling of the hepatocyte were occurred at 60 days after exposure.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.61-76
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• 2006

To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of herbal-accupunture with Orostachys japhonicus A.Berger, infusion solution put into Kansu(BL18) of mouse induced by Colon26-L5 human colon cancer cells, which are corresponding to humanbody. We observed the change of body weight, surviving number, median surviving time, increase of life span, changes in amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen and kidney, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of CD4+, CD8+, CD9+ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. In acute and sub-acute cytotoxicity experiment, significantly signs were not appeared in all groups. 2. Antimetastatic experiment in vitro and in vivo showed that Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger Herbal-acupuncture at Kansu(BL18) has antimetastatic effects. 3. The spleen cells proliferation of the experimental groups treated with Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger infusion solution extract has increased significantly compared with that of the control group. 4. As compared with control, the population of total T cell, helper T cell, cytotoxic T cell and macrophage were increased. 5. The production of Th 1 type cytokines from splenocyte and cytokines which is associated with anti-tumor activity form macrophage were increased significantly. Above the results revealed that herbal-accupunture with Orostachys Japhonicus A.Berger infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2021

Dysregulation of the Wnt pathway causes various diseases including cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, osteoporosis, obesity and chronic kidney diseases. The modulation of dysregulated Wnt pathway is absolutely necessary. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect and the mechanism of action of Wnt-C59, a Wnt signaling inhibitor, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated epithelial cells and macrophage cells. Wnt-C59 showed a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL6, CCL2, IL1A, IL1B, and TNF in LPS-stimulated cells. The dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in LPS stimulated cells was suppressed by WntC59 treatment. The level of β-catenin, the executor protein of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was elevated by LPS and suppressed by Wnt-C59. Overexpression of β-catenin rescued the suppressive effect of Wnt-C59 on proinflammatory cytokine expression and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity. We found that the interaction between β-catenin and NF-κB, measured by co-immunoprecipitation assay, was elevated by LPS and suppressed by Wnt-C59 treatment. Both NF-κB activity for its target DNA binding and the reporter activity of NF-κB-responsive promoter showed identical patterns with the interaction between β-catenin and NF-κB. Altogether, our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of Wnt-C59 is mediated by the reduction of the cellular level of β-catenin and the interaction between β-catenin and NF-κB, which results in the suppressions of the NF-κB activity and proinflammatory cytokine expression.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2014

Objectives : Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix (Aconitum Carmichaeli, AC) and Cinnamomi Cortex (Cinnamomi Cortex, CC) have been treated to elderly for kidney yang enhancement in Korean traditional medicine. In this study, the effects of water extract of AC and CC on RANKL (Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor ${\kappa}B$ Ligand)-induced osteoclast differentiation were evaluated in culture system. Methods : MTT assay was used to evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of AC and CC extracts in bone macrophage marrows (BMMs) stimulated with M-CSF. TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) staining and TRAP activity were performed to know the inhibitory effect on osteoclast differentiation. The protein expression levels of nuclear factors such as activated T cell(NFAT)c1, c-Fos, MAPKs and ${\beta}$-actin in cell lysates treated with AC and CC extracts were analysed by western blotting. Results : AC, CC extracts and their co-administration inhibited significantly RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in BMMs in a dose dependent manner without toxicity. Each AC and CC extracts inhibited the phosphorylation of p38. Also, AC and CC extracts, respectively, inhibited the protein expression of c-Fos and NFATc1 more than Co-administration of AC and CC even if all treatments did. It was observed that RANKL-induced degradation of I-${\kappa}B$ is significantly suppressed by all treatments. Conclusions : Taken together, It was concluded that AC and CC have beneficial effect on osteoporosis by inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Thus, Atractylodis AC and CC could be a treatment option for osteoporosis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1025-1036
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of present study was to investigate recovery effects of gypsum, which has been used clinically in diabetes therapy. Methods : We established three groups, normal, control, and gypsum, and assigned 6 rats to each group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed normal saline. The control & gypsum groups were administered streptozotocin(STZ) to induce diabetes. Gypsum extract was orally administered to the gypsum group for 10 days. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their body weight, 24hrs urinary protein excretion, glucose, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride in blood, level of glycation end-product (AGE) and transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}1$) in serum were measured. Morphological profiles and morphometric studies of the kidney cortex. renal transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}1$) expression, macrophage/monocyte antigen (ED-1), and type IV collagen expression were studied. Results : The following results were obtained. The protein amount in urine per 24hrs of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly reduced. The BUN and creatinine level in serum of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. The construction change in the kidneys of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. The factor of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. which induced the structural change in the kidneys. Conclusions : The above results suggest that gypsum partially improved kidney function.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

The olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus is susceptible to viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) at $15^{\circ}C$ but no mortality at $20^{\circ}C$ even though the virus can grow well in vitro at $20^{\circ}C$. Thus, we designed an experiment to know immune response of olive flounder against VHSV when the host reared at $15^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$. cDNA microarray analysis was performed to compare the gene expression patterns of the kidney cells between the host reared at $15^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$. The expression of MHC class I, IL-8, myeloperoxidae and endonuclease G-like having function for the antigen presentation and chemokine-factor were up-regulted both the $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ during VHSV infection. MHC class II gene existing on antigen-presenting cells and B cell lymphocytes, immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and phagocytosis related genes were down-regulated at $15^{\circ}C$ but highly expressed at $20^{\circ}C$. It can be thought that innate immune related antigen presentation by MHC class I and phagocytosis reaction against VHSV are efficiently occur both the temperature but macrophage or B cell related antigen presentation via MHC class II fails to induce downstream immune reactions (adaptive immunity) to make antibody, and it can be one of the reason that causes high mortality only at $15^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1999

The present work was carried out to examine the effect of costunolide on the growth of several cells and characteristics of U-937 human leukemia-derived cell line. Costunolide produced a potent antitumor activity in vitro dependent on concentration against several tumor cells such as P-388, L-1210 leukemia and SNU-5 stomach cancer cells. However, it showed less cytotoxicity on normal cells such as Maccaccus rheus monkey kidney cells (MA-104) up to 200 ${\mu}M$ concentration. An effect of cell differentiation by costunolide was assessed by its ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), and to induce phagocytosis of latex particles. In order to establish whether costunolide induces U-937 cells to differentiate toward macrophage or granulocyte, esterase activities was measured. Based on these results, we found that costunolide having cytotoxicity on U-937 human leukemia cells was explained through differentiation inducing activity.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

The charcoal effects on the immune responses of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were studied. Fish were fed an experimental diet supplemented with 1%, 3% or 5% of charcoal to a commercial diet. Several factors such as weight gain, hematological parameters, nonspecific immune responses and resistance against Edwardsiella tarda were evaluated 4 and 8 weeks after the administraion. The changes of body weight and lysozyme activities were not signigicant among tested groups. But cholesterol and total protein concentration in the blood were significantly lower in the 5% supplemented group than in the control. The production of superoxide by macrophage from the head kidney, examined by NBT reduction, was significantly higher in the 3% charcoal supplemented groups than in the control. The survival rate after an artificial challenge with 1×10^exp(7) cells of E. tarda per fish was significantly the highest in the 3% charcoal supplemented group.