• Title/Summary/Keyword: Kidney glomerulus

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The Cases of Oriental diagnosis and treatment at the patients considering of the Chronic renal failure (만성신부전으로 의심되는 환자에서 주증에 따른 한의학적 변증치료의 예(例))

  • Lee Kyung-Hwan;Kim Yong-Seung;Kwark Jung-Jin;Ryu Hyung-Chun;Kim Haeng-Jin
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.24 no.4_2
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    • pp.1046-1054
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    • 2003
  • Renal Failure is called a disorder of kidney excretion induced by glomerulus filtration rate(GFR) decrease. GFR is measured by Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN) and Cretinine in blood. This study is about Oriental diagnosis and treatment of Chronic renal failure(CRF) patients. We treated five cases which were diagnosed as CRF by using methods used in oriental medicine, the application of Youkmijihwang-tang(六味地黃湯加減). In most such cases, we concluded that the results turns better as the symptoms like fatigue and digestive disorder decreases and the decrease of BUN and Creatinine in blood as well.

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Hematopoietic Efficacy of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (DWP413) (Recombinant Human Erythropoietin (DWP413)의 적혈구 생성 효과)

  • 최현주;김점용;임승욱;연제덕;고여욱
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.126-132
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    • 2003
  • Efficacy and in vivo bioassay of recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO, DWP413) was investigated. Efficacy studies on erythropoiesis were conducted in normal, cisplatin-induced anemic rats and acute hemorrhage - induced anemic rats. Animals were treated intravenously with DWP413 for 5 days, the changes in the number of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit value (Hct), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and reticulocyte were examined. In normal rats, at the doses of 50, 250, and 1250 IU/kg/day, in cisplatin-induced anemic rats, at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 IU/kg/day, RBC, Hb, Hct and reticulocyte were increased dose-depen-dently. And in acute hemorrhage-induced anemic rats, DWP413 (150, 450 and 1350 IU/kg/day) significantly increased RBC, Hb, Hct and reticulocytes. In histopathological findings of kidney, cisplatin alone treated rats expressed severe glomerulus and tubular damage. But in the DWP413 treated rats after cisplatin treatment, these were not remarkable compared to cisplatin alone treated rats. In vivo bioassay, DWP413 had 102.43% of bioactivity compared to erythropoietin BRP(Biological Reference Product, European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines). These results suggest that DWP413 might be useful for the therapy of anemia induce by renal failure and acute blood loss.

Immunohistochemical detection of antigens in tissue sections of experimentally infected hamsters (Leptospira canicola 실험적 감염햄스타의 조직절편내 면역조직화학적 균체항원검출)

  • Ku, Bok-gyeong;Kim, Soon-bok;Sur, Jung-hang;Moon, Oun-kyong;Jung, Suk-chan;Park, Jung-moon;Park, Yong-ho;Mun, Jin-san
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.349-358
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    • 1996
  • The present study was done to detect Leptospira canicola antigens in paraffin sections from experimentally infected hamsters with PAP method. The anti-Leptospira canicola serum used as first antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with Leptospira canicola. Positive reactions were detected in interstitium, tubular epithelial cells and glomerulus of the kidney, and in the hepatic sinusoid. With PAP method, leptospiral antigens were detected at the 48 hours after bacterial infection, but isolation, silver stain, and dark field microscopic examination of the samples did 48 hours later than PAP method. The results suggested that PAP method is considered as a reliable tool for confirmative diagnosis of this disease.

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Morphological studies on kidney in cyclophosphamide-treated NOD mice (Cyclophosphamide를 투영한 NOD 마우스의 신장에 대한 형태학적 연구)

  • Lee, Joon-sup;Seong, Je-kyung
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.653-664
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    • 1994
  • This study was carried out to investigate diabetic renal changes in cyclophosphamide(CY) treated nonobese diabetic(NOD) mice and to develop animal model of diabetic human nephropathy. The 8-week-old NOD and ICR mice were injected with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally at 200mg/kg body weight and compared the chemical effects on these mice with the non-treated NOD and ICR mice respectively. The renal glomeruli in ICR, cyclophosphamide-treated ICR(ICR+CY), NOD and cyclophosphamide-treated NOD(NOD+CY) mice were observed by the light and electron microscopes. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. Spontaneous incidences of diabetes mellitus in NOD mice were significantly promoted by dosing with cyclophosphamide. 2. Glomerulohypertrophy, proliferation of mesangium, partial thickening of glomerular basement membrane, and partial fusion of pedicels of podocyte were observed in NOD mice and NOD+CY mice. These changes were not observed in both ICR mice and ICR+CY mice. 3. The diabetic nephropathy observed in NOD+CY mice was more severe than that of non-treated NOD mice.

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Immunohistochemical identification of listeria monocytogenes antigen in tissue sections of experimentally infected rats after pretreatment with dexamethasone (Dexamethasone 전처리후 Listeria monocytogenes를 인공감염시킨 랫드의 조직절편내 균체항원 동정)

  • Sur, Jung-hyang;Kim, Soon-bok
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.91-98
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    • 1992
  • Listeria monocytogenes antigens were detected with the avidinbiotinperoxidase complex(ABPC) method in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from experimentally infected rats, mice and guinea pigs. The anti-Lirteria monocytogenes serum used as first antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a. Rats, mice and guinea pigs that had been given inoculation of L monocytogenes(serotype 4b, Scott A strain) via intraperitoneally allotted to 3 groups. Rats were pretreated with the dexamethasone(DM-rats) for 7 consecutive days, mice and guinea pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with L. monocytogenes At necropsy white necrotic foci of the liver, spleen and kidney were seen in mice and DM-rats, whereas not in guinea pigs. Organisms stained by the ABPC method were identified as pleomorphic dark brown staining structures in the livers, spleens and kidneys of mice and DM-rats. They were present in high numbers in center and peripherial regions of necrobiotic and necrotic foci of the liver and spleen as well as in glomerulus of the renal cortex. and liable tool for confirmative diagnosis of these bacterial diseases.

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Investigating Organ Toxicity Profile of Tenofovir and Tenofovir Nanoparticle on the Liver and Kidney: Experimental Animal Study

  • Peter, Aniekan Imo;Naidu, Edwin CS;Akang, Edidiong;Ogedengbe, Oluwatosin O;Offor, Ugochukwu;Rambharose, Sanjeev;Kalhapure, Rahul;Chuturgoon, Anil;Govender, Thirumala;Azu, Onyemaechi O
    • Toxicological Research
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.221-229
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    • 2018
  • Tenofovir nanoparticles are novel therapeutic intervention in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection reaching the virus in their sanctuary sites. However, there has been no systemic toxicity testing of this formulation despite global concerns on the safety of nano drugs. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxicity of Tenofovir nanoparticle (NTDF) on the liver and kidney using an animal model. Fifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats maintained at the animal house of the biomedical resources unit of the University of KwaZulu-Natal were weighed and divided into three groups. Control animals (A) were administered with normal saline (NS). The therapeutic doses of Tenofovir (TDF) and nanoparticles of Tenofovir (NTDF) were administered to group B and C and observed for signs of stress for four weeks after which animals were weighed and sacrificed. Liver and kidney were removed and fixed in formal saline, processed and stained using H/E, PAS and MT stains for light microscopy. Serum was obtained for renal function test (RFT) and liver function test (LFT). Cellular measurements and capturing were done using ImageJ and Leica software 2.0. Data were analysed using graph pad 6, p values < 0.05 were significant. We observed no signs of behavioural toxicity and no mortality during this study, however, in the kidneys, we reported mild morphological perturbations widening of Bowman's space, and vacuolations in glomerulus and tubules of TDF and NTDF animals. Also, there was a significant elevation of glycogen deposition in NTDF and TDF animals when compared with control. In the liver, there were mild histological changes with widening of sinusoidal spaces, vacuolations in hepatocytes and elevation of glycogen deposition in TDF and NTDF administered animals. In addition to this, there were no significant differences in stereological measurements and cell count, LFT, RFT, weight changes and organo-somatic index between treatment groups and control. In conclusion, NTDF and TDF in therapeutic doses can lead to mild hepatic and renal histological damage. Further studies are needed to understand the precise genetic mechanism.

Ultrastructural Study of the Effect of Activated Carbon Treatment on the Mouse Kidney Treated with Lead (납 투여된 마우스의 신장에서 활성탄 처리 효과에 대한 전자현미경적 연구)

  • Chung, Min-Ju;Yoon, Jung-Sik;Chung, Kyung-A;Kim, Young-Ho;Roh, Young-Bok
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.149-162
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    • 1999
  • For investigation of the activated carbon on the mouse kidney treated with Pb, the activated carbon (40 mg/kg) and Pb (30 mg/kg) were treated orally for three and six weeks, respectivelly, and observed by the electron microscope. On the glomerulus of the group with only Pb, the basal membrane thicked, projected, and the foot processes fused. On the proximal convoluted tubules, the number of microvilli were decreased and the number of vacuoles and lysosome increased on the cytoplasm. The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were extended and ribosomes dropped from the ER. On the giomerulus of the group with Pb-activated carbon, the basal membrane and the foot processes were merely changed. On the proximal convoluted tubules, the shapes and number of microvilli were not changed and the number of vacuoles, microbodies, and lysosomes decreased. The shapes of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum observed almost similar with control group. Th at is, elongated mitochondria and attached ribosomes to endoplasmic reticulum. As result, the activated carbon has positive effect on reducing toxicity of lead in the mouse kidney in the view of electron microscope.

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Effects of Saengjihwangeumja-gami on STZ-induced Diabetic Mice (생지황음자가미(生地黃飮子加味)가 Streptozotocin으로 유발된 당뇨생쥐에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Kim, Hee-Chul;Choi, Chang-Won
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.12-47
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    • 2005
  • First, mice were dosed with 50mg/kg of streptozotocin(STZ) twice every 24 hours to cause high blood-sugar. Then, after three days, mice were injected with 100mg/kg of STZ again. Two different dosages of Saengjihwangeumja-gami were given to the experiment groups: SA group, 15mg/kg/day, and SB group, 90mg/kg/day, in order to determine the effects of Saengjihwangeumja-gami, which has been known to be good for DM(Diabetes Mellitus). By observing weight and blood-sugar level changes, blood tolerance, the numerical value of BUN(Blood Urea Nitrogen) and creatinine in blood, and through light-electronicmicroscopic and immunohistologic investigations of pancreas and kidneys, the following results were obtained: 1. The experiment groups showed a high suppressive effect of weight-loss. 2. The experiment groups' blood-sugar and blood tolerance showed an effective lowering of blood-sugar levels. 3. The experiment groups did not show any noticeable change in the numerical value of BUN and creatinine in blood compared with that of the control groups. 4. The experiment groups showed a higher Insulin positive reaction of pancreatic islets ${/beta}-cell$ than the control groups. 5. The experiment groups showed a higher immuno-reaction against IGF- II than the control groups. 6. Observation of apoptosis of the pancreatic islets showed that the cells of experiment groups were less injured compared with those of the control groups, and fewer apoptag-positive reaction cells were seen in experiment groups than in the control groups. 7. Uunder electron-microscopy, the insulin-containing granules in pancreatic islets ${/beta}-cells$ had increased more in the experiment groups than in the control groups. 8. Under light microscopy, the injury on the inner & outer membrane of the glomerulus and epithelial cells of capillaries and cells among vessels were fewer in the experiment groups than in the control groups. 9. More apoptag-positive reaction cells in the kidney were seen in the control groups than in the experiment groups. 10. PAS-positive reaction substances had increased more in the substrate among the vessels of a glomerulus belonging to the control group than those of the experiment group. 11. Uunder electron-microscopy, the nucleonic membrane, nucleoplasm and mitochondria of proximal and distal renal tubular were more injured in the control groups than in the experiment groups. In conclusion, strong evidence for the efficacy of Saengjihwangeumja-gami in lowering blood-sugar, and in recovery and generation of pancreatic tissues injured by DM was observed. Results suggest Saengjihwangeumja-gami is an effective treatment for DM. Further study of the principles of blood-sugar dropping effects of Saengjihwangeumja-gami are needed, as well as further study of recovery and regeneration of pancreatic tissues injured by DM.

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Membranous Glomerulopathy Showing Asymptomatic Isolated Microscopic Hematuria Only (무증상의 고립성 현미경적 혈뇨만을 나타낸 막성 사구체병증)

  • Kim Se Heui;Roh Hyun Kyung;Lee Young-Mock;Kim Ji Hong;Kim Pyung-Kil;Hong Soon Won;Jeong Hyun Joo
    • Childhood Kidney Diseases
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.196-205
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    • 2001
  • Purpose : Membranous glomerulopathy is a glomerular disease characterized by the presence of subepithelial immune deposits with thickening of the capillary wall of the glomerulus without inflammatory change. The pathogenesis of membranous glomerulopathy is still unknown. Its incidence is higher in males, and it is rarely found in infants and adolescents. Among the clinical manifestations proteinuria is most common, while edema and hematuria are present. According to reports from other countries, among few patients diagnosed with membranous glomerulopathy by renal biopsy, show isolated microscopic hematuria without the clinical manifestations. Little research in this area has been performed in Korea, and so we conducted retrograde studies on membranous glomerulopathy associated with isolated microscopic hematuria. Materials and Methods : We analyzed retrogradely 109 cases of asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria that were diagnosed as membranous glomerulopathy by renal biopsy at Yonsei University Severance hospital from January, 1992 to July, 2001. Results : In 87 of the 109 cases patients were over 15 years old while in 22 cases patients were under 15 at the time of dignosis. Only three patients showed isolated microscopic hematuria without the clinical manifestations and abnormal laboratory findings and they were all male patients under 15 years old. Conclusion : Few cases of the membranous glomerulopathy show only asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria However, since membranous glomerulopathy can be found in patients who present with asymptomatic isolated microscopic hematuria only, if adequate indication for renal biopsy is present, we conclude that renal biopsy must be aggresively pursued in order to find the underlying disease. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2001 ; 5 : 196-205)

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Changes of Carassius auratus Tissues by Zn Accumulation (아연 축적으로 인한 붕어(Carassius auratus) 조직의 변화)

  • Shin, Myung-Ja;Lee, Jong-Eun;Seo, Eul-Won
    • Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.85-94
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    • 2011
  • Present study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc accumulation on the tissues of Carassius auratus with various rearing condition. Heavy metal, Zn, was accumulated in the gill, bone and muscle increased for exposure period of 40 days. Moreover, the accumulated concentration of Zn in the gill showed relatively higher than that in other tissues. Also, activities of antioxidant enzymes in the gill, kidney, liver and muscle tissues after exposure to Zn were increased in the manner of exposure period. Antioxidant enzyme activities were shown higher in the gill and muscle than those in the kidney and liver tissues. The gill of C. auratus showed abnormal shapes in its secondary lamellae by long time exposure condition and determined the increased numbers of mucous cells in gill exposed to Zn. In addition, the edema, the exfoliation of epithelial cell was shown in the gill and membrane damages were observed in mitochondria and nucleus. In the kidney, we observed not only the atrophied glomerulus, but the expansion of empty space in Bowman's capsule. Based on the above results, it is considered that the exposure to the high level of Zn for long period possibly involves in the decrease of respiratory and excretory rates, giving rise to secondary lesion of tissues.