• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2011

This study reviews and suggests the followings: 1) The balance and harmony between water and fire (ki and blood, yin and yang) is regarded as the basic condition of maintaining health in Oriental medicine. 2) Oriental medicine defines disease as the imbalance or disharmony of body. So the discordance between water and fire is in ill state, the coordination between water and fire is in healthy state. 3) Etiological factors and pathology are summarized by the conflict between vital ki and pathogenic factors, six exogenous factors, internal injury by seven emotions and the imbalance between yin and yang. 4) The regulation of meridian ki recovers the balance between water and fire, ki and blood using acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping therapy, herbal medicine and physical and breathing exercise and massage which is based on the principle of controlling ki and spirit.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.571-576
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• 1994

One strain of cellulose-producing Acetobacter was isolated from the traditionally fermen- ted grape vinegar in Korea. The isolated strain, designated as KI strain was identified as the Acetobacter xylinum with respect to physiological and biochemical characteristics. KI produced acetic acid from ethanol, and then decomposed acetate to CO$_{2}$ and H$_{2}$O. When the isolated strain was cultivated statically in broth culture, a thick cellulose pellicle was formed. KI was tolerance of 8% ethanol and 30% glucose, and the isolate was positive in ketogenesis from glycerol, $\gamma$-pyrone from glucose and fructose, and 2-ketogluconic acid from glucose. KI strain possessed straight-chain C$_{18:1}$, C$_{16:0}$, and C$_{14:0}$ fatty acid, and contained ubiquinone Q$_{9}$ and Q$_{10}$ as isoprenoid quinone. DNA base composition of KI strain was 57.6% G+C.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-29
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• 2004

This study is on the philosophy and medical science of Lee Gyu Jun, who is the author of SoMunDaeYo and UiGamJungMa. Lee Gyu Jun proposed that Providence is made of Ki, and the Pure Good of Ki is the composing principle of the universe. The Ki could be Pure Good because it embraces Reason of Law inside itself, as a part of itself. This developed as a result of absorbing the ideas from Han and Tang Dynasty's' Ki-Philosophy trend, the latter half of the Joseon Dynasty's Heart Nature Doctrine centered Ri(理:reason)-Monism trend, and Sim (心:heart) centered teachings of Wang Yang Ming, etc. Later, his philosophical Ki-Monism(氣一元 GiIlWon) and SimAngKiReon(心陽氣論) appears exactly in medical science and continues on to Ki-Monism(氣一元 GiIlWon) and SimHwaReon(心火論).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.958-960
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• 2014

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of acupuncture at the $KI_2\;KI_{10}\;HT_8\;HT_3$, on Aquaporin-2(AQP2) expression related with the renal functions in rats. Methods : Acupuncture was performed during 100-seconds, 6-times, at 150-seconds intervals under anesthesia in rats. We observed rats' mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), renal sympathetic nerve activity(RSNA) during acupuncture and AQP2 expression by western blot method and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP), renin, norepinephrine of plasma after decapitation. Results : The AQP2 expression was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group, but decreased in $KI_{10}$ group. Average MAP during 6-times acupuncture was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group. Average HR was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group, Average RSNA was increased in $KI_{10}$ group, but that was marginally increased in $KI_{10}$ group. Plasma renin concentration was increased in $KI_2,\;HT_3$, groups. Plasma ANP show a tendency to decrease in $KI_10\;HT_3$ groups, increased in $KI_2,\;HT_3$ but not significant. Plasma norepinephrine concentration was significantly decreased in $KI_{10},\;HT_3$ groups. Conclusions : These results suggested that acupuncture at $HT_8$ activate renal function to reuptake, but $KI_{10}$ show a decline on effect of AQP2 expression, blood pressure, nerve activity and renin.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.203-216
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of tonifying or sedative manipulation on LI4 and KI7 for sweet deficiency under cold environment. Methods : The participants were divided into 4 groups; intact group without acupuncture(Intact), acupuncture group inserting straightly with LI4 & KI7 method((LI4-straight KI7-straight), acupuncture group inserting twisting with LI4 tonificaton & KI7 tonificaton method(LI4-tonify KI7-tonify) and acupuncture group inserting twisting with LI4 sedation & KI7 sedation method(LI4-purge KI7-purge). We obtained the baseline data under cold condition with the temperature $14{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. After making the participant staying under cold condition for 10 minute, we measured sweating rate on skin surface and biological responses such as body temperature, oxygen saturation, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, deoxy-Hb and oxy-Hb in subcutaneous. Results : The sweating rate on skin surface was not different in all treatment groups compared to the intact group. The body temperature was significantly increased in LI4-straight KI7-straight group compared to the intact group. The oxygen saturation significantly increased in LI4-purge KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. The systolic blood pressure was significantly increased in LI4-purge KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. The deoxy-Hb was significantly decreased in LI4-purge KI7-purge group compared to the intact group. Conclusions : The above results, the effect of LI4, KI7 acupuncture due to the tonifying or sedative manipulation on sweating control could be observed. However, other biological responses with the acupuncture of tonifying or sedative manipulation were giving different expressions. We suggest that continued research of tonifying or sedative manipulation is of importance order to find these expressions.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.321-328
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• 2022

The aim of this in-vitro study is to evaluate the effect of potassium iodide (KI) on erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against Streptococcus mutans biofilms. S. mutans ATCC 25175 was cultured to form a biofilm on a hydroxyapatite disk. After diluting erythrosine to 20 μM and KI to 10, 50, and 100 mM, respectively, PDT was performed. The number of surviving bacteria was calculated as colony forming units (CFU)/mL and the statistical significance of the difference between groups was confirmed by Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Cell viability was visually evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). As a result of the experiment, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in CFU was observed in the experimental groups in which PDT was performed after applying KI regardless of the concentration of KI. In addition, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in CFU was observed in the experimental group to which 100 mM KI was applied compared to 10 mM KI. The same results were confirmed when observing CLSM. KI significantly improved the efficacy of erythrosine-mediated PDT on S. mutans biofilms at all concentrations. This may compensate for the low sensitivity of PDT to biofilm-state bacteria strains, but it is necessary to establish an optimal clinical protocol through further research.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.73-83
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Junci Medulla Herbal-acupuncture(JM-HA) at $KI_{10}$(Umgok) on nephritis induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in rats. Methods : Rats with nephritis induced by LPS, were treated with JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ 3 times a week. The rats in the NP group and the saline group were treated with a needle prick and a saline injection respectively. To evaluate the effects of JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ on nephritis in rats, WBC, neutrophils in blood, BUN, creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum, creatinine, total protein in urine and renal MPO were measured. Results : JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ significantly inhibited the increase of WBC and neutrophils in blood, BUN, creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$ in serum, and MPO in kidney of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusion : JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ has therapeutic effects on nephritis in LPS-stimulated rats. Therefore, it is suggested that JM-HA at $KI_{10}$ may be a useful therapy in clinical field after further researches.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1451-1457
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• 2016

A comparative study was performed to investigate the efficacy of KiFAY as a feed additive on performance parameters, thyroid, and pancreatic hormone levels in broilers. Ninety birds (Vencobb 400) were randomly divided into three groups viz., Control (no DL-methionine supplementation), Treatment1 (containing added DL-methionine) and Treatment 2 (containing KiFAY and without DL-methionine supplementation). The performance parameters (weekly body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed consumption ratio) were recorded and calculated during the whole study of 4 weeks. Analyses of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF 1), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were performed at the end of the study. The results show that birds on supplementation of KiFAY performed significantly (p<0.001) better than other treatments. The weekly body weight, body weight gain, feed in-take and feed consumption ratio improved in KiFAY treated birds. The study found an increase in insulin and IGF1 levels (p<0.001) in KiFAY compared with the other treatments. Serum T3, T4, and TSH levels in the Treatment 2 were higher than other treatments (p<0.001). The KiFAY supplementation was able to improve performance with associated responses at a hormonal level in broilers.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.99-109
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture at Taegye($KI_3$) in rats. Methods : The methods are measures of experimental items including change of body weight, relative liver weight, level of alblumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, GOT and GPT in blood serum, level of SOD, GSH, catalase, NO and MDA concentration in liver, histological change of liver. Results: 1. The $KI_3$-EA group lost weight in the beginning, and gained it gradually. 2. The liver ratio of the $KI_3$-EA group increased compared to the holder group, without any statistical significance. 3. The SOD activity, Glutathione concentration, and Catalase concentration increased, and the NO concentration and MDA concentration decreased in the $KI_3$-EA group significantly, compared to the holder group. 4. $KI_3$-EA group had more similar density to the normal group, than the holder group. Conclusion : The electroacupuncture application on Kb has anti-oxidation effect, by improving the body defence against the oxidation stress- induced cytotoxicity, and by supressing the oxidative liver damage.