• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.199-210
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to develop a tea culture therapy program development for the improvement of interpersonal relationship of juvenile probationers, which is a key factor of social adaptability of juvenile probationers. After developing a tea culture therapy program, this study examines the effect of the program empirically, by applying to juvenile probationers. For this purpose, this study employs an integrative approach of qualitative and quantitative methods. It is shown from the qualitative analysis that juvenile probationers' positive attitude, active participation, seriousness in interpersonal relationship, anger management, and sympathy are considerably progressed. The results from qualitative analysis indicate that the sub-dimensions of interpersonal relationship such as satisfaction, communications, trust for others, affinity, sensitivity, openness, and understandability are significantly improved.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.14-25
• /
• 2005

The objective of this study is to understand bodily extension and identity in contemporary fashion art through the analysis of 'the fashion acting on the body' among the fashion theory excluding body and the conspicuous works on the opening and covering images as a fashion art as a body-space'. This study also investigated identity problems where there are poles apart in opening and closure their bodies and body-space in which its clothing types were distorted by being de-bodilization out of the traditional and ideological expression method in contemporary fashion art from a opening and closure point of view. Image of opening and closure among body-space in fashion art can be classified into opposing structure of opening and closure. Destroying the boundary between bodily opening and closure for a primary function of clothing and dismantling the role and boundary between body and clothing, opening body-space in appearance as a reemergence of body image or the border between inner and outer are being ambiguous because of transparent material. Being representative work of this study opening body-space was expressed as an opening space image using transparency. On the contrary, closure body-space was isolated from external environment and confined in the certain space, which could limit or restraint body- action. Excluding boundary of body and clothing on the whole or in part, boundary of work becomes body-space. However, these were appeared to be a work inducing unlimited curiosity and meaning from the audience. The interpretation of artistic and body-space in fashion art are indicating the role and function of the fashion art exceeding the suggestible dimensions in the every day life of fashion. The body-space of fashion art showing similar aspect of body art today could be understood that it is substituted into an metaphorical, critical space by seeing it as a symbol system connected with social space. Therefore, contemporary fashion art should be interpreted as an equivocal space looking at the body-space with open mind.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.337-344
• /
• 2014

An optimal shape design algorithm is suggested to systematically design a traditional Korean musical instrument, the Pyeongyeong. The Pyeongyeong consists of 16 different chime stones called Gyeongpyeons. The first natural vibration frequency of each Gyeongpyeon must be adjusted to its target frequency, which is determined by the traditional sound tuning method. The second and third natural frequencies must be proportional to the first natural frequency with a specific ratio (1:1.498:2.378). The key idea in our suggested design algorithm is to use the sensitivity of natural frequencies to the variation in the length of each side of a Gyeongpyeon. The dimensions of five different Gyeongpyeons are determined by following the suggested algorithm. Changes in natural frequencies with respect to local thickness variation are closely investigated to compensate for errors that may occur during manufacturing.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 1988

The writer has worked out his original philosophy both scientific and religious, which he calls "Knownism" The new thought states; the word "known" in "knownism" means "already well-informed in the providence" about the essence of the things, and the true state of the reality, hence the knownism, as the existence of God is set forth as a premise. The knownism is a philosophy unified reasonably the science and the faith into one, for the humans can perceive and realize the essence and the true state, and authorize the truth transcending the experience by the scientific method. The new thought of the knownism is a bridge-building between the natural science and the religious faith. The idea explains that the life is the process to pursue the essence of the things and the god, and the truth is immanent in the original nature of things and in God′s sphere. This thought is a philorophy of possibility to solve the paradigms-to-be such as thinking, faith experience, and supernatural power, so that it presents a vision in the human life as a profitable religious science philosophy. The knownism is much different from agnosticism, skepticism, empiricism, and agnosticism. The grace of God may be detected differently from the supernatural power. The new dark clouds overspread abruptly the summer sky are not new ones but originally derived frosm worn-out water drops. Thus those are called the old clouds. The Korean word "known"(노운) of which pronunciation is same with the English "known" means the old clouds, hence also the name, Knownism. The root of the new clouds is detectable from the preserved old clouds. The old clouds symbolized in the paper indicate the essence and the principles of the things and the fittest, or the key for the solution of the problem in the epistemology, believing that everything has its own, proper nature, the writer sums up his theory by insisting that the humans have to find out the "old clouds" or the "known" in knownism to live eternally either in this world or in other dimensions, though the human beings are transformed into the other phases of life. The writer proclaims through the ideas for the United Nations to fortify the Confederate System of World Nations in order to ensure the world peace and the future of the humans.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.268-276
• /
• 2018

Background: Although a variety of instruments implement body maps for the precise identification of pain symptoms, no instrument has been validated for use in people with obesity. This study reports the adaptation and validation of body maps for musculoskeletal pain location in people with obesity. Methods: Nine key anatomical regions were highlighted based on the original images of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire body maps. Adult silhouettes were generated from photographs of men and women with obesity. The body dimensions were adjusted to take into account the different body fat distribution patterns of people with obesity. The validity of the images was assessed by 12 experts. Subsequently, a data collection stage was performed with 58 patients with severe obesity from both sexes. The reproducibility of the images was tested by comparison with the original images. Results: The results of the validation pilot study indicated that the adapted images facilitated the location of musculoskeletal pain in men and women with obesity. The reproducibility of the original and adapted versions of the body maps indicated good agreement for pain over the last 12 months and 7 days (80% vs. 79.7%). Pain scores in the last 12 months indicated good and high sensitivity and specificity for all body areas (60.9% vs. 89.1%). Considering pain in the last 7 days, high sensitivity and specificity for all areas of the body (85.1% vs. 70.1%). Conclusions: The body maps developed in this study are reliable and valid to identify the location of pain in people with obesity.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.997-1005
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research is to measure the sensibility and preference of American consumers for domestically-manufactured cotton fabrics through 7-points scale questionnaires and the 4-dimensions and 8-axes system. The key words included such images as masculine-feminine, new-old, casual-classic, and ambiguous-orderly. The images of cotton fabrics were classified through a cluster analysis. This research also included an investigation of relationship between sensibilities for cotton fabrics and their physical characteristics. The sensibilities of cotton fabrics were classified into 4 groups: 'feminine sensibility,' 'masculine sensibility,' 'new sensibility,' and 'casual sensibility.' This result represents that American consumers' sensibility is simpler than Koreans'. The order of preference was 'feminine sensibility', 'masculine sensibility', 'new sensibility', and 'casual sensibility.' The sensibilities of cotton fabrics were explained significantly by stiffness, weight, weft density, value, and chroma. Specifically, those were more influenced by color characteristics such as value, chroma, and hue than by physical characteristics. We should be able to tell a difference in the reaction of a trading country's consumers and domestic consumers to domestically-manufactured cotton fabrics through comparing this research with the previous work(Shin & Lee, 2002). Additionally, we will be able to establish a basic strategy for successfully advancing Korean fabrics into the American domestic textile industry. In this way we can expect to increase the competitive power of our domestic clothes brands.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.7 no.5
• /
• pp.417-431
• /
• 2016

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder was treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide to obtain partially defluorinated fluoropolymers with expected properties such as improving hydrophilicity and fouling resistance. Raman spectrum and FT-IR results confirmed the existence of conjugated carbon double bonds after alkaline treatment. As the concentration increased, the degree of defluorination increased. The morphology and structure of membranes were examined. The permeation performance was investigated. The results showed that membrane's hydrophilicity increased with increase of the percentage of alkaline treated PVDF powder. Moreover, in terms of the water contact angle, it decreased from $92^{\circ}$ to a minimum of $68^{\circ}$; while water up take increased from 128 to 138%. Fluxof pure water and the cleaning efficiency increased with the increase of alkaline treated PVDF powder. The fouling potential also decreased with the increase of the percentage of alkaline treated PVDF powder. The reason that makes blending PVDF show different characteristics because of partial defluorination, which led the formation of conjugated C = C bonds and the inclusion of oxygen functionalities. The polyene structure followed by hydroxide attack to yield hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Therefore, the hydrophilicity of blending membrane was improved. The SEM and porosity measurements showed that no obvious variations of the pore dimensions and structures for blend membranes were observed. Mechanical tests suggest that the high content of the alkaline treated PVDF result in membranes with less tolerance of tensile stress and higher brittleness. TGA results exhibited that the blend of alkaline treated PVDF did not change membrane thermal stability.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2019

Purpose - With the economic development in China, the lifestyle of Chinese customers has changed dramatically. Chinese customers are more likely to have coffee in a shop with the ability to make them happy than those with high quality coffee in a nice physical environment. Happiness becomes a critical driver of customers' intention to purchase a cup of coffee in a specific coffee shop again and again. As a result, happiness becomes an important factor for managers to make strategies for attracting customers. Although managers and scholars pay more attention to emphasize the importance of happiness in customers' consumption, little research has been conducted to investigate the relationship between happiness and coffee shop's continuous usage intention in the Chinese coffee industry. Research design, data, and methodology - A research model is made to explain the impact of happiness on customer's behavior. To understand the influence of happiness better, we consider two dimensions of happiness which are subjective well-being and psychological well-being. In order to confirm the relationships of the variables in the research model, the online survey is constructed in China. Customers who have experienced the services in a coffee shop are asked to do the questionnaire. With 453 reliable questionnaires, structural equation modeling is used to analyze the causal relationships of the coffee quality, physical environment, subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and continuous usage intention. Results - Results indicate that coffee quality and physical environment are not the direct factors that influence customers' continuous usage intention. However, good coffee quality and physical environment are the significant predictors of Chinese customers' happiness associated with subjective well-being and psychological well-being, which in turn affects customers' continuous usage intention. Conclusions - In this study, it is proposed that coffee quality and physical environment may be the key factors influencing customers' happiness. Happiness, including subjective well-being and psychological well-being matters in decision making process. More importantly, happiness increases the continuous usage intention when the coffee shop can serve customers with higher quality coffee at a good atmospheric place. Managers should consider happiness as an important factor in making marketing strategies to compete in this industry.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.212-223
• /
• 1992

The distinct element method(DEM) si well suited to the kinematic analysis of blocky rock masses. Two distinctive problems, a rock avalache and tunnel in jointed rock masses, are chosen to apply the DEM which is based on perfectly rigid behaviour of blocks. Investigated for both problems are the effects of the input parameters such as contact stiffnesses, friction coefficient and damping property. Using various types of models of the avalanche and tunne, an extensive parametric study is done to gain experiences in the method, and then to alleviate difficulties in determining parameter values suitable for a given problem. The coefficient of frictio has significant effects on all aspects of avalanche motion(travel distance, velocity and travel time), while the stiffnesses affect the rebounding and jumping motions after collision. The motion predicted by the models having single and mutiple blocks agrees well to the observations reported on the actual avalache. For the tunnel problem, the behaviour of the key block in an example tunnel is compared by testing values of the input parameters. The stability of the tunnel is dependent primarily on the friction coefficient, while the stiffness and damping properties influence the block velocity. The kinematic stability of a tunnel for underground unclear waste repository is analyzed using the joint geometry data(orientation, spacing and persistence) occurred in a tailrace tunnel. Allowing a small deviation to the mean orientation results in different modes of failure of the rock blocks around the tunnel. Of all parameters tested, the most important to the stability of the tunnel in blocky rock masses are the geometry of the blocks generated by mapping the joint and tunnel surfaces in 3-dimensions and also the friction coefficient of the joints particularly for the stability of the side walls.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.127-137
• /
• 2020

This study is aimed to point out the direction for more reasonable and effective application of future digital technology in the exhibition. It's also to improve the satisfaction of visitors' overall experience through inspecting the special exhibition using digital technology in the national central museum in 2019. The relationship of visitors' expectations, experience and satisfaction are analyzed through literature investigation. Hence, four dimensions of digital experience were summarized on this basis, the content of the questionnaire was set through this research. The satisfaction of visitors to the digital technology experience was evaluated and the key contents needing to be improved were found through Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). According to the IPA analysis, the content located in quadrant IV is analyzed emphatically, and improvement suggestions are put forward from macro-level, micro-level and viewer's inner levels. The results can be used as a reference for improving the feasibility of the current problem. In order to ensure the forward-looking and timeliness of this field, continuous research will be conducted according to the changes and developments.