• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2019

Reinforced concrete can be considered as a heterogeneous material consisting of coarse aggregate, mortar mix and reinforcing bars. This paper presents a two-dimensional mesoscopic analysis of reinforced concrete beams using a simple two-phase mesoscopic model for concrete. The two phases of concrete, coarse aggregate and mortar mix are bonded together with reinforcement bars so that inter force transfer will occur through the material surfaces. Monte Carlo's method is used to generate the random aggregate structure using the constitutive model at mesoscale. The generated models have meshed such that there is no material discontinuity within the elements. The proposed model simulates the load-deflection behavior, crack pattern and ultimate load of reinforced concrete beams reasonably well.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.611-619
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• 2024

For a finite group G, let 𝜓(G) denote the sum of element orders of G. If ${\psi}^{{\prime}{\prime}}(G)\,=\,{\frac{\psi(G)}{{\mid}G{\mid}^2}}$, we show here that the image of 𝜓'' on the class of all Dihedral groups whose order is twice a composite number greater than 4 is dense in $[0,\,{\frac{1}{4}}]$. We also derive some properties of 𝜓'' on the class of all dihedral groups whose order is twice a prime number.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.571-582
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• 2020

Quorum sensing (QS)-mediated infections cause severe diseases in human beings. The control of infectious diseases by inhibiting QS using antipathogenic drugs is a promising approach as antibiotics are proving inefficient in treating these diseases. Marine fungal (Pestalotiopsis sydowiana PPR) extract was found to possess effective antipathogenic characteristics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract against test pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was 1,000 ㎍/ml. Sub-MIC concentrations (250 and 500 ㎍/ml) of fungal extract reduced QS-regulated virulence phenotypes such as the production of pyocyanin, chitinase, protease, elastase, and staphylolytic activity in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by 84.15%, 73.15%, 67.37%, 62.37%, and 33.65%, respectively. Moreover, it also reduced the production of exopolysaccharides (74.99%), rhamnolipids (68.01%), and alginate (54.98%), and inhibited the biofilm formation of the bacteria by 90.54%. In silico analysis revealed that the metabolite of P. sydowiana PPR binds to the bacterial QS receptor proteins (LasR and RhlR) similar to their respective natural signaling molecules. Cyclo(-Leu-Pro) (CLP) and 4-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (4-HPA) were identified as potent bioactive compounds among the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR using in silico approaches. The MIC values of CLP and 4-HPA against P. aeruginosa PAO1 were determined as 250 and 125 ㎍/ml, respectively. All the antivirulence assays were conducted at sub-MIC concentrations of CLP (125 ㎍/ml) and 4-HPA (62.5 ㎍/ml), which resulted in marked reduction in all the investigated virulence factors. This was further supported by gene expression studies. The findings suggest that the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR can be employed as promising QS inhibitors that target pathogenic bacteria.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1255-1258
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• 2015

Background: Locally advanced head and neck cancer is generally incurable and has a short survival rate. This study aimed to evaluate symptom relief, disease response, and acute toxicity after palliative hypo-fractionated radiotherapy and long-term survival in affected patients. Materials and Methods: Between January 2011 to December 2011, 80 patients who were histopathologically diagnosed as having stage III or stage IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 1-3, were offered palliative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5Fr/5 Days). Later these patients were evaluated on 30th day after completion of treatment for disease response based on World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria and palliation of symptoms using symptomatic response grading and acute toxicities by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG). Many patients were given post radiation therapy (RT) palliative chemotherapy for appropriate palliative care and a few patients were selected for further curative RT. The overall survival was also evaluated among this group of patients with last follow up date of 1st May, 2014. Results: The most common presenting complaint was pain followed by dysphagia. Most patients (60-70%) had appreciable relief in their presenting symptoms. A good response was observed in the majority following palliative RT; a few patients had progressive disease and some had stable and regressed disease. None of the patients experienced radiation toxicity that required hospital admission. Almost all showed grade one and two acute skin and mucosal toxicity one month after completion of treatment. The mean survival days for patients given only hypofractionated palliative RT was 307 days, those with post palliative RT and palliative chemotherapy was 390 days and patients who went on to receive further palliative RT and curative RT dose had significantly overall survival of 582 days. Conclusions: Advanced head and neck cancer should be identified for suitable palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy to achieve acceptable symptom relief in a great proportion of patients and should be followed by palliative chemotherapy or curative RT in suitable cases for long-term symptom-free survival.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.65-94
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• 2016

In 1812, Gauss obtained fifteen contiguous functions relations. Later on, 1847, Henie gave their q-analogue. Recently, good progress has been done in finding more contiguous functions relations by employing results due to Gauss. In 1999, Cho et al. have obtained 24 new and interesting contiguous functions relations with the help of Gauss's 15 contiguous relations. In fact, such type of 72 relations exists and therefore the rest 48 contiguous functions relations have very recently been obtained by Rakha et al.. Thus, the paper is in continuation of the paper [16] published in Computer & Mathematics with Applications 61 (2011), 620.629. In this paper, first we obtained 15 q-contiguous functions relations due to Henie by following a different method and then with the help of these 15 q-contiguous functions relations, we obtain 72 new and interesting q-contiguous functions relations. These q-contiguous functions relations have wide applications.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 2013

In the theory of hypergeometric functions of one or several variables, a remarkable amount of mathematicians's concern has been given to develop their transformation formulas and summation identities. Here we aim at presenting explicit expressions (in a single form) of the following weighted Appell's function $F_1$: $$(1+2x)^{-a}(1+2z)^{-b}F_1\;\(c,\;a,\;b;\;2c+j;\;\frac{4x}{1+2x},\;\frac{4z}{1+2z}\)\;(j=0,\;{\pm}1,\;{\ldots},\;{\pm}5)$$ in terms of Exton's triple hypergeometric $X_9$. The results are derived with the help of generalizations of Kummer's second theorem very recently provided by Kim et al. A large number of very interesting special cases including Exton's result are also given.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2014

The well known quadratic transformation formula due to Gauss: $$(1-x)^{-2a}{_2F_1}\[{{a,b;}\\\hfill{21}{2b;}}\;-\frac{4x}{(1-x)^2}\]={_2F_1}\[{{a,a-b+\frac{1}{2};}\\\hfill{65}{b+\frac{1}{2};}}\;x^2\]$$ plays an important role in the theory of (generalized) hypergeometric series. In 2001, Rathie and Kim have obtained two results closely related to the above quadratic transformation for $_2F_1$. Our main objective of this paper is to deduce some interesting known or new results for the series $_2F_1(x)$ by using the above Gauss's quadratic transformation and its contiguous relations and then apply our results to provide a list of a large number of integrals involving confluent hypergeometric functions, some of which are (presumably) new. The results established here are (potentially) useful in mathematics, physics, statistics, engineering, and so on.

• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.26.1-26.7
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• 2013

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) belonging to the family Zingiberaceae is a perennial herb. It is widely distributed in tropical Asia. In India, it is cultivated mainly in Kerala, Andhia Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Maharashtra. It is one of the most common spices, which is in use since centuries for its versatile medicinal actions like antiemetic, stomachic, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac etc in traditional system of medicine (Unani, Ayurveda, and Chinese medicine). It is useful for the treatment of various gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular and sexual disorders. The phytochemical study of ginger showed the presence of many volatile oils and oleo-resins like gingerol, zinger one, zingiberol etc. Numerous experimental and clinical trials have proven ginger for its range of therapeutic activities such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiemetic, hypolipidaemic, hepatoprotective etc properties. The present article aims to explore traditional Unani and pharmacological activities of this herb reported till date.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2015

Fox [2] presented an interesting identity for $_pF_q$ which is expressed in terms of a finite summation of $_pF_q$'s whose involved numerator and denominator parameters are different from those in the starting one. Moreover Fox [2] found a very interesting and general summation formula for $_3F_2(1/2)$ as a special case of his above-mentioned general identity with the help of Kummer's second summation theorem for $_2F_1(1/2)$. Here, in this paper, we show how two general summation formulas for $$_3F_2\[\array{\hspace{110}{\alpha},{\beta},{\gamma};\\{\alpha}-m,\;\frac{1}{2}({\beta}+{\gamma}+i+1);}\;{\frac{1}{2}}\]$$, m being a nonnegative integer and i any integer, can be easily established by suitably specializing the above-mentioned Fox's general identity with, here, the aid of generalizations of Kummer's second summation theorem for $_2F_1(1/2)$ obtained recently by Rakha and Rathie [7]. Several known results are also seen to be certain special cases of our main identities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4057-4062
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• 2012

Objective: To study the level of awareness and knowledge about cancers and associated risk factors among households in selected states of India. Methods: In the study 3070 households were interviewed from six states viz, West Bengal, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Mizoram. Results: Knowledge of cancers other than those related to tobacco was very low (prostate 8%, colon 11% ) among the communities, with a poor awareness of warning signs and symptoms. The knowledge varied from state to state. It is found that the major source of information related to cancers was television (38%) followed by friends and relatives (36%). Only about 15 % of respondents had knowledge about cancer awareness camps organized in their districts but they did not have knowledge about the organizers of the camp. Findings suggested a strong need for strengthening of DCCP. Conclusion: It is important to create awareness among community through educational programs on cancer prevention, preventable cancer risk factors, benefits of early diagnosis, and availability of screening facilities. Integration of District Cancer Control activities with NRHM could be the most cost-effective strategy to prevent cancers and rural population.