• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.249-260
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• 2022

This mini review examines the habitat connectivity and effectiveness of Korean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (YSLME) region. We first reemphasize that the Korean region of the YSLME is a single ecosystem (ecoregion) given the biophysical distribution patterns. The MPAs within the YSLME contribute about 50% to the total MPAs in Korea, accounting for about 10% of the territorial sea waters of Korea and 20% of the waters of YSLME on the Korean side. By area, national parks account for nearly 45% of the MPAs, followed by the wetland protected areas at 25%, with other types of MPA comprising the remaining 30%. Large MPA (> 100 km²) is the dominant type of MPA, accounting for 90% of the total area. We find that MPAs in the region are connected physically and perhaps also genetically. However, the level of protection was found to be low, and a no-take zone is rarely implemented. In addition, interrupted freshwater discharge caused by river-mouth dams poses a major hindrance to the physical connectivity of the MPAs. Restoration of the river-mouth dams and strengthened regulation on MPAs, with further expansion of MPAs in line with the current development of post-2020 global biodiversity frameworks, should be priorities for better management of marine resources. The newly revised law incorporating the concept of "Marine Ecosystem Axis Management" would reinforce the processes, and their effectiveness together with overall management of MPAs in Korea should be evaluated by designing appropriate measurement tools.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2022

Objective : This study was aimed to review the Act on the Promotion of Korean Medicine and Pharmaceuticals. Method : We searched document about the Act on the Promotion of Korean Medicine and Pharmaceuticals. We used Korean Law Information Center(https://www.law.gov.kr) to find the revision of the act. Results : We looked at the current status of the revision of the Act on the Promotion of Korean Medicine and Pharmaceuticals, and the law was revised four times in total. Through the revision of the law, the definition of Korean medical practice was not only expanded, but also the establishment and role of National Institute of Korean Medicine Development were extended. Specific descriptions of Korean medicine technology will be needed in the future, and laws that are less effective should be revised and the role of National Institute of Korean Medicine Development should be further strengthened. Conclusion : For the future of Korean medicine, in-depth consideration is needed on how to foster oriental medicine.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

Background: Climate and livestock grazing are key agents in determining current Mongolian steppe vegetation communities. Together with plant coverage or biomass, palatability of steppe community is regarded as a useful indicator of grassland degradation, in particular, at grazing hotspots in arid and semi-arid grasslands. This study analyzed relationships between livestock grazing pressure and steppe vegetation palatability at three summer pastures with different aridity (dry, xeric, and mesic) and livestock numbers (1,100, 1,800, and 4,100 sheep units, respectively). At each site, it was surveyed coverage, biomass, and species composition of different palatability groups (i.e., palatable [P], impalatable [IP], and trampling-tolerant [TT]) along a 1-km transect from grazing hotspots (i.e., well) in every July from 2015 to 2018. Results: In results, total vegetation coverage increased with wetness, 7 times greater at mesic site than dry one in averages (33.1% vs. 4.5%); biomass was 3 times higher (47.1 g m^-2 vs. 15.7 g m^-2). Though P was the dominant palatability group, the importance of IP in total coverage increased with aridity from mesic (0.6%) to dry (40.2%) sites. Whereas, TT increased with livestock numbers across sites. Locally, IP was observed more frequently near the wells and its spatial range of occurrence becomes farther along the transects with aridity across sites from mesic (< 100 m) to dry (< 700 m from the well). Conclusions: Our results showed that the importance of IP and its spatial distribution are different at both local and regional scales, indicating that the palatability parameters are sensitive to discern balance between selective-grazing demand and climate-driven foraging supply in Mongolian rangelands.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.60.1-60.1
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• 2021

The Balloon-borne Investigation of Temperature and Speed of Electrons in the corona (BITSE) is a technology demonstration mission launched in 2019 to observe the solar corona from ~3 Rs to 15 Rs at four wavelengths (393.5, 405.0, 398.7, and 423.4 nm). Preliminary analysis shows that BITSE imaged the solar minimum corona with the equatorial streamers on the east and west limbs. The narrow streamers observed by BITSE are in good agreement with the geometric properties obtained by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) coronagraphs in the overlapping physical domain. In spite of the small signal-to-noise ratio we were able to obtain the temperature and flow speed of the western steamer. In the heliocentric distance range 4 - 7 Rs on the western streamer, we obtained a temperature of ~ 1.0 ± 0.3 MK and a flow speed of ~ 260 km s^-1 with a large uncertainty interval.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.70.2-71
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• 2021

We examine gas kinematics and star formation activities of NGC 6822, a gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group at a distance of ~490 kpc. We perform profile decomposition of all the line-of-sight (LOS) HI velocity profiles of the high-resolution (42.4" × 12" spatial; 1.6 km/s spectral) HI data cube of the galaxy, taken with the Australian Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). To this end, we use a novel tool based on Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques, the so-called BAYGAUD, which allows us to decompose a velocity profile into an optimal number of Gaussian components in a quantitative manner. We group all the decomposed components into bulk-narrow, bulk-broad, and non-bulk gas components classified with respect to their velocity dispersions and the amounts of velocity offset from the global kinematics, respectively. Using the surface densities and velocity dispersions of the kinematically decomposed HI gas maps together with the rotation curve of NGC 6822, we derive Toomre-Q parameters for individual regions of the galaxy which quantify the level of local gravitational instability of the gaseous disk. We also measure the local star formation rate (SFR) of the corresponding regions in the galaxy by combining GALEX Far-ultraviolet (FUV) and WISE 22㎛ images. We then relate the gas and SFR surface densities in order to investigate the local Kennicutt-Schmidt (K-S) law of gravitationally unstable regions which are selected from the Toomre Q analysis. Of the three groups, the bulk-narrow, bulk-broad and non-bulk gas components, we find that the lower Toomre-Q values the bulk-narrow gas components have, the more consistent with the linear extension of the K-S law derived from molecular hydrogen (H2) observations.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.81-98
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to analyze the trends in research and development projects related to herbal medicine and natural products in the field of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) over the past 20 years. Methods : Research projects were identified using "Korean medicine" as the subject heading in the National Science and Technology Information Service. The included projects investigated Korean medicine, natural products, or were related to the TKM industry. Data pre-processing and network analysis were performed using Python and Networkx package, and the network was visualized using the ForceAtlas2 visualization algorithm. Results : 1. Over the study period, 4,020 projects were conducted with a research budget of KRW 835.2 billion. Seven institutions performed over 100 projects each, accounting for 2.4% of all participating institutions, and the top 10 institutions accounted for 58.9% of total projects. 2. Obesity was the most frequently mentioned disease-related keyword. Chronic or age-related diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, parkinson's disease, cancer, inflammation, and asthma were also frequent research topics. Clinical research, safety, and standardization were also frequently mentioned. 3. Centrality analysis found that obesity was the only disease-related keyword identified, alongside TKM-related keywords. Standardization, safety, and clinical trials were identified as central keywords. Conclusions : The study found that research projects in TKM have focused on standardizing and ensuring the safety of herbal medicine, as well as on chronic and age-related diseases. Clinical studies aimed at verifying the effectiveness of herbal medicine were also frequent. These findings can guide future research and development in herbal medicine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.155-157
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• 2022

담낭용종은 담낭암의 원인일 수 있다. 담낭용종의 잘 알려진 위험요소는 대사증후군, 젊은 나이, 이상지질혈증 등이다. 제주도는 한반도에서 약 80km 떨어져 있으며 한라산을 중심으로 두 개의 행정구역(제주시와 서귀포시)으로 나뉘어 있다. 국제공항과 국제항구는 유일하게 제주시에만 위치해 있다. 또한 제주시에는 서귀포시보다 기업체와 학교의 수가 더 많다. 식이 및 알코올 소비는 두 지역 간에 다르며 이러한 요인이 담낭용종 유병률에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 두 지역 거주민들의 담낭용종 유병률을 조사하고 담낭용종과 관련된 다양한 요인들을 비교해보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 2009년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 제주대학교병원 단일 건강검진센터를 방문한 21,734명을 대상으로 하였다. 담낭용종 유병률과 관련된 요인을 제주시 거주민과 서귀포시 거주민 두 집단으로 나누어 조사하였다. 담낭용종 유병률은 제주시가 10.1%, 서귀포시가 9.2% (P = 0.039)였다. 평균 연령과 고위험 음주자의 비율은 서귀포시에서 더 높았다. 평균 체질량지수와 공복혈당, 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지질단백질-콜레스테롤, 아스파르테이트아미노전이효소, 감마-글루타밀전이효소, 알칼리인산분해효소 수치는 제주시에서 낮게 나타났다. 이 연구에서 담낭용종 유병률은 제주도의 두 지역 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 연령과 알코올 소비는 이러한 차이에 기여하는 주요 요인이 될 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.159-162
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• 2022

담낭용종의 잘 알려진 위험요소는 대사증후군, 연령, 이상지질혈증 등이다. 제주도는 한반도에서 가장 큰 섬으로 한국의 본토에서 약 80km 떨어져 있으며 행정구역상 제주시와 서귀포시로 나뉘어 있지만 기업들과 편의시설들, 학교들 때문에 자연스럽게 시내와 시외로 더 나누어진다. 많은 이주민들과 젊은 성인들은 상업 활동이 활발한 시내 지역에 사는 경향이 있다. 고령 성인들은 어업이나 농업에 종사하기 때문에 시외 지역에 사는 경향이 있다. 고령의 성인들은 전통적인 식이를 유지하고 있고, 그들 중 다수는 힘든 노동으로 인해서 고위험 알코올 음주자의 비율이 높다. 이러한 요인들로 인해 두 지역간의 담낭용종 유병률에도 차이가 있을 것이다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 제주도 두 지역간에 담낭용종의 유병률을 알아보고 그 유병률과 관련된 다양한 요인들을 비교해 보고자 하는 것이다. 이 연구는 2009년 1월부터 2019년 12월까지 제주대학교병원 단일 건강검진센터에서 건강검진을 시행한 21,734명을 대상으로 하였다. 시내 지역과 시외 지역 거주민들의 담낭용종 유병률은 각각 10.1%와 8,7% (P = 0.006)로 의미있게 차이가 있었다. 평균 총콜레스테롤 수치가 시내 지역 거주민들에서 시외 지역 거주민들보다 높았고, 음주와 관련된 평균 알카라인 인산분해효소와 감마-글루타밀전이효소 수치들과 평균연령은 시외 지역 거주민들이 시내 지역 거주민들보다 더 높았다. 나이, 알코올 섭취와 평균 콜레스테롤 수치가 이러한 두 지역 간에 담낭용종 유병률의 차이를 만들었을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.588-590
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• 2022

Sharing both locations and positions of ships makes it possible to utilize critical item for their safe and efficient navigation in such diversifying meantime environments. AIS is the representative technology for the sharing solutions. The AIS is even used in airspace and ground stations, so that AIS could facilitate the ships' safety navigation and their prevention/rescue from endangers. Due to AIS's many advantages, IMO(International Maritime Organization) made adapting the AIS mandatory for international passenger ships and the ships that are over than 300 tons. AIS uses VHF band areas for transmitting information and the information can be propagated to several hundreds km in range. Due to the large range, AIS monitoring system can acquire huge number of ships, which makes system performance lower and busier. In this paper, we propose the strategy of AIS information extraction for efficient monitoring system. Thus, the monitoring system has higher processing performance and lower network usage. As well as, the proposal affects the monitoring system has more capacity to include other systems' targets, in result.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.10
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• pp.3907-3912
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• 2023

Radiation portal monitors (RPMs) installed at airports and harbors to prevent illicit trafficking of radioactive materials generally use large plastic scintillators. However, their energy resolution is poor and radionuclide identification is nearly unfeasible. In this study, to improve isotope identification, a RPM system based on a multi-array plastic scintillator and convolutional neural network (CNN) was evaluated by measuring the spectra of radioactive sources. A multi-array plastic scintillator comprising an assembly of 14 hexagonal scintillators was fabricated within an area of 50 × 100 cm². The energy spectra of ¹³⁷Cs, ⁶⁰Co, ²²⁶Ra, and ⁴K (KCl) were measured at speeds of 10-30 km/h, respectively, and an energy-weighted algorithm was applied. For the CNN, 700 and 300 spectral images were used as training and testing images, respectively. Compared to the conventional plastic scintillator, the multi-arrayed detector showed a high collection probability of the optical photons generated inside. A Compton maximum peak was observed for four moving radiation sources, and the CNN-based classification results showed that at least 70% was discriminated. Under the speed condition, the spectral fluctuations were higher than those under dwelling condition. However, the machine learning results demonstrated that a considerably high level of nuclide discrimination was possible under source movement conditions.