• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1995

Paying attention to the notable social problem occured by the confusion of values in the modern industrialized society changed rapidly, this study aimed to examine the values of nurses which lie at the heart of the diverse universe of their behavior considering their activities and professionalism influencing the applicants directly. The applicants for this study were 173 nurses selected randomly from both hospitals of rKJ located in Inchon and ry J located in Seoul. $\ulcorner$K$lrcorner$ The findings from this study were as follows; 1) Values of nurses In the Spranger's six personality category of values, the religious value was found to be the most important for the nurses, and followed by social value. These facts are thought to be disirable and hopeful very much reflecting the philosophical basis of nursing, that is, humanitarianism. But the theoretical value marked the lowest point that probably mean the lack of nurse's theoretical conditions which should be essential for the nursing professionalism. Thus it is suggested that the measures for encouraging the nurses or nursing students to have more interest in the educational training courses and schooling. 2) Analysis of relationship between the nurse's general characteristics and their values CD There were no differences statistically in values relating to the professional career and occupation. The nurses without religion placed, naturally, the lower religious value (t= 4.28. p=.000) than the nurses with religion. but placed higher aesthetic value(t=-2.82. p=.006) showing significant statistical differences. (3) Nurses from the 3-year program got the higher aesthetic value(t=3.07, p=.003) than those from the diploma program. but got the lower religious value (t = -2.05. p =.041) showing significant statistical differences. (4) The singles placed the higher aesthetic value (t= 2.21. p =.028) than those married in significant statistically.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.837-846
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define various concepts, features, and scopes by examining various previous studies on AI services that are completely different from existing services. It also examines the limitations of existing service quality evaluation methods and studies the characteristics by combining them with various cases of new AI services. And this is to derive and propose quality evaluation attributes of AI service. Methods: The concept and characteristics of artificial intelligence were derived through research and analysis of various previous studies related to artificial intelligence. The key characteristics and quality evaluation items were derived through the KJ method and matching based on the keywords and characteristics derived from previous studies and various cases. Results: Based on the review of various previous studies on the quality of artificial intelligence services, this study presents the main characteristics and quality evaluation items of new artificial intelligence services, which are completely different from existing service quality evaluations. Conclusion: The quality measurement model of AI service is very useful when planning and developing AI-based new products or services because it can accurately evaluate the requirements of consumers using the services of the new AI era. In addition, consumers can be recommended a customized service according to the situation or taste, and can be provided with a customized service based on this.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.226-236
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• 2020

Antibiotic resistance by pathogenic bacteria and fungi is one of the most serious global public health problems in the 21^st century, directly affecting human health and lifestyle. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with strong resistance to the common antibiotics have been isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients at Zagazig Hospital. Thus, in this study we assessed the biocidal activity of nanoparticles of silver, copper and zinc synthesized by Fusarium solani KJ 623702 against these multidrug resistant-bacteria. The synthesized Metal Nano-particles (MNPs) were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Zeta potential. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) result showed the presence of different functional groups such as carboxyl, amino and thiol, ester and peptide bonds in addition to glycosidic bonds that might stabilize the dispersity of MNPs from aggregation. The antimicrobial potential of MNPs by F. solani against the multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in addition to the mycotoxigenic Aspergillus awamori, A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum was investigated, based on the visual growth by diameter of inhibition zone. Among the synthesized MNPs, the spherical AgNPs (13.70 nm) displayed significant effect against P. aeruginosa (Zone of Inhibition 22.4 mm and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration 21.33 ㎍/ml), while ZINC oxide Nano-Particles were the most effective against F. oxysporum (ZOI, 18.5 mm and MIC 24.7 ㎍/ml). Transmission Electron Microscope micrographs of AgNP-treated P. aeruginosa showed cracks and pits in the cell wall, with internalization of NPs. Production of pyocyanin pigment was significantly inhibited by AgNPs in a concentration-dependent manner, and at 5-20 ㎍ of AgNPs/ml, the pigment production was reduced by about 15-100%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.665-671
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• 2003

A factorial experiment was conducted to assess nutrient utilization by growing lambs maintained on three levels each of digestible energy (high: HE, medium: ME, low: LE) and protein (high: HP, medium: MP, low: LP) in nine combinations (HEHP, HEMP, HELP, MEHP, MEMP, MELP, LEHP, LEMP, LELP). The experiment was conducted during the hot season in a semiarid location. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) was similar in all the groups in terms of unit body weight or metabolic body size. Digestibility of DM and nitrogen free extract increased (p<0.01) from low to medium and high energy regimen while the CF digestibility followed a reverse trend. The digestibility of crude protein (CP) decreased from high to medium and low protein regimens while it was similar in terms of energy variation. Nitrogen intake was higher in high followed by medium and low protein regime while fecal and urinary nitrogen loss were similar in all the treatment groups. Lambs in all the three levels of protein were in positive N balance and percent N retention was higher (p<0.01) in high followed by medium and low protein levels whereas it was similar in terms of energy variation. Initial body weight was similar in all the groups while final weight, total gain in the experiment and average daily gain (ADG) were higher in high than medium and low energy regimens. It is concluded that crossbred lambs required 75.1 g DM, 9.6 g CP, 6.3 g DCP and 711 KJ DE/kg W $^{0.75}$or 11.0 g CP/MJ DE or 7.2 g DCP/MJ DE for 93 g average daily gain in a hot semiarid environment.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.332-341
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• 1998

${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$와 비정질 SiO2부터 Mullite를 합성하기 위한 고체상태반응의 반응속도를 1450~$1480^{\circ}C$ 온도 범위에서 연구하였다. 반응속도는 $Al_2O_3$분말을 코팅한 28.16wt%의 $SiO_2$와 일정한 온도에서 여러 시간동안 가열하여 생성된 혼합물에 의하여 결정되었다. MgO안의 반응물과 미반응물의 양은 X-선 회절분석에 의하여 결정되었다. Mullite의 부피율과 peak intensity 비의 자료로부터 $Al_2O_3$와 $SiO_2$의 $3Al_2O_3\;{\cdot}\;2SiO_2$형태로의 반응은 $1450^{\circ}C$와 $1480^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 시작되었다. 고체상태반응 활성화 에너지는 Arrhenius 식에 의하여 결정되었다. 활성화 에너지는 31.9KJ/mol이다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.300-309
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• 2010

대상 수용액으로부터 상업용 염료인 메틸렌 블루(MB)와 말라카이트 그린 옥살레이트(MG)의 제거를 위한 소듐-교환된 점토 입자의 흡착능을 다양한 실험조건에서 조사하였다. 용액의 pH, 교반 시간, 흡착물 농도, 흡착제 투여량 등의 효과를 조사하였다. pH 7, 298 K 조건에서 0.03 그람 점토를 사용한 경우 수용액으로부터 최대 > 90%의 염료가 제거되었다. 흡착과정은 빨랐으며 5분 내에 평형에 도달하였다. 사용된 염료들의 흡착반응에 대해 반응속도론 실험에서 유사 2차반응이 관찰되었고 실험 데이터와 잘 일치하였다. 흡착평형은 높은 회귀계수 $R^2$ > 0.98로 Langmuir 와 Dubini-Radushkevich (D-R) 등온에 따랐다. 이 D-R 모델로부터 평균자유에너지 $E_a$ 는 MB와 MG 염료에 대해 각기 3.779와 2.564가 이었으며, 이것은 물리적 흡착과 정에 해당된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.635-642
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• 1996

UV-B증가가 지질과산화에 미치는 영향과 UV-B조사에 대한 carotenoid 및 polyamine의 지질과산화 방어반응을 조사하기 위해 자연광 이용의 인공기상실내에서 12일간 벼 (Oryza sativa L., cv. Koshihikari) 유식물에 2단계의 UV-B조사 실험을 수행했다. UV-B처리에 의한 건물량의 감소는 조사시간의 경과와 함께 증가하였다. 지질과산화산물인 malondialdehyde (MDA)의 함량은 6일간의 UV-B처리에 의해 약 30 %의 증가를 보였다. Carotenoid의 함량은 UV-B처리에 의해 약 10% 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 한편, 벼에는 크게 3종류의 polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine)이 존재하였으며, 이들 모두 UV-B처리에 의해 상당히 증가되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, UV-B조사에 의해 생성된 활성산소가 생체막지질의 산화에 관여하는 것으로 사료되며, polyamine의 증가는 UV-B조사에 의한 세포막 파괴를 막기 위한 생화학적 방어반응으로 사료된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The discoloration of anterior teeth restoration is one of the material problems demanding retreatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the color stability and affecting factors on esthetic restorative materials when subjected to accelerated aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using porcelain disks (IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished), direct restorative resin disks (SYNERGY Duo) and indirect restorative resin disks (Sinfony, TESCERA ATL). Accelerated aging was done by precipitating the specimens in 38.C distilled water and irradiating with xenon light, and the total irradiation was 397.98 KJ/mm. Color and microhardness change of the specimens were measured before accelerated aging and after 100 hours, 200 hours and 300 hours of accelerated aging, and Surface of the specimens were examined with SEM before and after 300 hours of accelerated aging. RESULTS: 1. After 300 hours' accelerated aging, a ${\Delta}E$ value was 3.3 or lower in IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished and Sinfony. 2. After 300 hours' accelerated aging, gloss was lost and surface changes including microcracks were observed in TESCERA ATL and SYNERGY Duo, and color changes of them ranged between 3.58 and 6.40 ${\Delta}E$ units. 3. During 300 hours' accelerated aging, the microhardness of surface was increased by 3.21 - 19.64% in all kinds of composites resin. CONCLUSION: After 300 hours' accelerated aging, SEM images IPS Empress 2-glazed, IPS Empress 2-polished and Sinfony showed little morphological change and their color changes were considered to be clinically acceptable. And there was significant correlation between microhardness changes and color changes of composites (P < .05).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.503-507
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• 2016

The genus Spirometra belongs to the family Diphyllobothriidae and order Pseudophyllidea, and includes intestinal parasites of cats and dogs. In this study, a plerocercoid labeled as Spirometra mansonoides from the USA was examined for species identification and phylogenetic analysis using 2 complete mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3). The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the plerocercoid specimen (USA) showed 99.2% similarity to the reference sequences of the plerocercoid of Korean Spirometra decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679), and 99.1% similarity in regard to nad3 (346 bp). Phylogenetic tree topologies generated using 4 analytical methods were identical and showed high confidence levels with bootstrap values of 1.00, 100%, 100%, and 100% for Bayesian inference (BI), maximum-likelihood (ML), neighbor-joining (NJ), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, respectively. Representatives of Diphyllobothrium and Spirometra species formed a monophyletic group, and the sister-genera status between these species was well supported. Trapezoic proglottids in the posterior 1/5 region of an adult worm obtained from an experimentally infected cat were morphologically examined. The outer uterine loop of the uterus coiling characteristically consisted of 2 complete turns. The results clearly indicated that the examined Spirometra specimen from the USA matched to S. decipiens very well, and indicated possible presence of the life cycle of this species in this region.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

This study investigated the potential of using bottom ash to be used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead (Pb) from aqueous solutions. The physical and chemical characteristics of bottom ash were determined, with a series of leaching and adsorption experiments performed to evaluate the suitability of bottom ash as an adsorbent material. Trace elements were present, such as silicon and aluminum, indicating that the material had a good adsorption capacity. All heavy metals leached during the Korea standard leaching test (KSLT) passed the regulatory limits for safe disposal, while batch adsorption experiments showed that bottom ash was capable of adsorbing Pb (experimental $q_e$ = 0.05 mg/g), wherein the adsorption rate increased with decreasing particle size. The adsorption data were then fitted to kinetic models, including Lagergren first-order and Pseudo-second order, as well as the Elovich equation, and isotherm models, including the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The results showed that pseudo-second order kinetics was the most suitable model for describing the kinetic adsorption, while the Freundlich isotherm best represented the equilibrium sorption onto bottom ash. The maximum sorption capacity and energy of adsorption of bottom ash were 0.315 mg/g and 7.01 KJ/mol, respectively.