• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to review of mechanism and application methodology about mental practice. The mental practice is symbolic rehearsal of physical activity in the absence of any gross muscular movements. Human have the ability to generate mental correlates of perceptual and motor events without any triggering external stimulus, a function known as imagery, Practice produces both internal and external sensory consequences which are thought to be essential for learning to occur, It is for this reason that mental practice, rehearsal of skill in imagination rather than by overt physical activity, has intrigued theorists, especially those interested in cognitive process. Several studies in sport psychology have shown that mental practice can be effective in optimizing the execution of movements in athletes and help novice learner in the incremental acquisition of new skilled behaviors. There are many theories of mental practice for explaining the positive effect In skill learning and performance. Most tenable theories are symbolic learning theory, psyconeuromuscular theory, Paivio's theory, regional cerebral blood flow theory, motivation theory, modeling theory, mental and muscle movement nodes theory, insight theory, selective attention theory, and attention-arousal set theory etc.. The factors for influencing to effects of mental practice are application form, application period, time for length of the mental practice, number of repetition, existence of physical practice.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.257-276
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• 2016

In this paper, a new simple higher-order shear deformation theory for bending and free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates is developed. The significant feature of this formulation is that, in addition to including a sinusoidal variation of transverse shear strains through the thickness of the plate, it deals with only three unknowns as the classical plate theory (CPT), instead of five as in the well-known first shear deformation theory (FSDT) and higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). A shear correction factor is, therefore, not required. Equations of motion are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions for the bending and free vibration analysis are obtained for simply supported plates. The accuracy of the present solutions is verified by comparing the obtained results with those predicted by classical theory, first-order shear deformation theory, and higher-order shear deformation theory. Verification studies show that the proposed theory is not only accurate and simple in solving the bending and free vibration behaviours of FG plates, but also comparable with the other higher-order shear deformation theories which contain more number of unknowns.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

This study investigated commercial power theory of traditional market through the analysis of literature review. Consumers' store selection models are made up a theory based on normative hypothesis, theory of mutual reaction, utility function estimation model, and cognitive-behavioral model. Detailed models are as follows. Normative hypothesis based theory is divided into Reilly's retail gratification theory and Converse's revised retail g ratification theory. Interaction theory is composed of Huff's probability gratification theory, MCI model and Multi-nominal Logit Model (MNL model). There are four models in retail organization position theory such as central place theories, single store position theory, multi store position - assign model, and retail growth potential model. In case of single store position theory, theoretical and empirical techniques have developed for a decision to optimum single store position. Those are like these, a check list, the most simple and systematic method, analogy, and microanalysis technique. Aforementioned models are theoretical and mathematical commercial power measurement and/or model. The study has rather limitations because the variation factors included in formula are only a part of actual commercial power. Therefore, further study shall be made continuously to commercial power areas and variables.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.867-891
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• 2014

An equivalent single layer trigonometric shear deformation theory taking into account transverse shear deformation effect as well as transverse normal strain effect is presented for static flexure of cross-ply laminated composite and sandwich plates. The inplane displacement field uses sinusoidal function in terms of thickness coordinate to include the transverse shear deformation effect. The cosine function in thickness coordinate is used in transverse displacement to include the effect of transverse normal strain. The kinematics of the present theory is much richer than those of the other higher order shear deformation theories, because if the trigonometric term (involving thickness coordinate z) is expanded in power series, the kinematics of higher order theories (which are usually obtained by power series in thickness coordinate z) are implicitly taken into account to good deal of extent. Governing equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. The closed-form solutions of simply supported cross-ply laminated composite and sandwich plates have been obtained. The results of present theory are compared with those of the classical plate theory (CPT), first order shear deformation theory (FSDT), higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) of Reddy and exact three dimensional elasticity theory wherever applicable. The results predicted by present theory are in good agreement with those of higher order shear deformation theory and the elasticity theory.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.60-62
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• 1967

액체에 대한 Significant Structure Theory와 자유부피계산시 수정된 Onno근사법을 사용한 Cill Theory와의 통계역학적 분배함수에 대하여 이론적으로 비교 논의하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2018

In this paper, a simple first-order shear deformation theory is presented for dynamic behavior of functionally graded beams. Unlike the existing first-order shear deformation theory, the present one contains only three unknowns and has strong similarities with the classical beam theory in many aspects such as equations of motion, boundary conditions, and stress resultant expressions. Equations of motion and boundary conditions are derived from Hamilton's principle. Analytical solutions of simply supported FG beam are obtained and the results are compared with Euler-Bernoulli beam and the other shear deformation beam theory results. Comparison studies show that this new first-order shear deformation theory can achieve the same accuracy of the existing first-order shear deformation theory.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-86
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• 2006

Based on a previous literature about hospital capital structure(Shyam- Sunder & Myers, 1999), this study attempted comparison and analysis on whether the forecast of trade-off and pecking order theory could be validated in hospital's capital structure. First, this study analyzed whether hospitals follow the priority for each capital source as suggested by pecking order theory under lack of capital running in hospital. Next, it analyzed whether debt level is regressed on the average to target debt level so as to verify the validity of trade-off theory. Finally, it also analyzed possible associations between debt level and determinants of capital structure as adopted in static trade-off theory, so as to verify relative advantages of these two theories about hospital capital structure. The analysis over whole period showed that both trade-off theory and pecking order theory isn't supported particularly. This mean that each hospital's financing behaviors is different and that has not dominant financing behaviors. In the midst of separation of dispensary from medical practice, medical institutions in Korea first finances funds required using retained earnings and then use liabilities. however pecking order theory is supported, the preference of long-term liabilities and short-term liabilities is not clear. In addition, considering that debt level is in no average regression to target debt ratio, it is found that hospital capital structure following trade-off theory turns into that subject to pecking order theory via the separation of dispensary from medical practice.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.1303-1313
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• 2014

Dynamic behavior of the harmonic detection part of an active power filter (APF) has an essential role in filter compensation performances during transient conditions. Instantaneous power (p-q) theory is extensively used to design harmonic detectors for active filters. Large overshoot of p-q theory method deteriorates filter response at a large and rapid load change. In this study the harmonic estimation of an APF during transient conditions for balanced three-phase nonlinear loads is conducted. A novel fuzzy instantaneous power (FIP) theory is proposed to improve conventional p-q theory dynamic performances during transient conditions to adapt automatically to any random and rapid nonlinear load change. Adding fuzzy rules in p-q theory improves the decomposition of the alternating current components of active and reactive power signals and develops correct reference during rapid and random current variation. Modifying p-q theory internal high-pass filter performance using fuzzy rules without any drawback is a prospect. In the simulated system using MATLAB/SIMULINK, the shunt active filter is connected to a rapidly time-varying nonlinear load. The harmonic detection parts of the shunt active filter are developed for FIP theory-based and p-q theory-based algorithms. The harmonic detector hardware is also developed using the TMS320F28335 digital signal processor and connected to a laboratory nonlinear load. The software is developed for FIP theory-based and p-q theory-based algorithms. The simulation and experimental tests results verify the ability of the new technique in harmonic detection of rapid changing nonlinear loads.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.244-255
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to understand to the nursing theory frame contained in the traditional philosophy and western nursing theory for the theory development fit for Korean people and to identified the strategy for nursing theory development. Method: To perform this study various relevant texts-western, eastern, classical and contemporary were reviewed. Result: The metaparadigm of the nursing in western considers four major factors-Human being, Environment, Health and Nursing. In Korea, the metaparadigm of nursing considers three major factors-Universe, Human being (body, life, health, disease) and Nursing. The key strategy for establishing comprehensive nursing theory which combines both western and eastern is to study the nursing literature based on eastern and western philosophy. Theorists should study the life and culture of the specific nation in order to understand the essence of the thoughts and psychology of the patients and to investigate the phenomena, which will be the foundation of theory development. Conclusion: Western nursing theory must be utilized to provide practical framework for the development of nursing theory, and practical approach is necessary for combining western and eastern theory.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.601-614
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• 2017

In this work, free vibration analysis of size-dependent functionally graded (FG) nanoplates resting on two-parameter elastic foundation is investigated based on a novel nonlocal refined trigonometric shear deformation theory for the first time. This theory includes undetermined integral variables and contains only four unknowns, with is even less than the conventional first shear deformation theory (FSDT). Mori-Tanaka model is employed to describe gradually distribution of material properties along the plate thickness. Size-dependency of nanosize FG plate is captured via the nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen. By implementing Hamilton's principle the equations of motion are obtained for a refined four-variable shear deformation plate theory and then solved analytically. To show the accuracy of the present theory, our research results in specific cases are compared with available results in the literature and a good agreement will be demonstrated. Finally, the influence of various parameters such as nonlocal parameter, power law indexes, elastic foundation parameters, aspect ratio, and the thickness ratio on the non-dimensional frequency of rectangular FG nanoscale plates are presented and discussed in detail.