• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.343-349
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• 2010

This investigation was conducted to assess the influence of Cirsium japonicum consumption on the plasma glucose and lipid profiles in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230 g by injection of STZ into the tail vein at 45 mg/kg body weight. The rats were randomly assigned into four groups: a normal and STZ-control fed an AIN-93 diet group, and diabetic groups whose diets were supplemented with 10% Cirsium japonicum powder containing leaf or root for four weeks. To observe the effects of Cirsium japonicum in the animal model, the levels of glucose, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid in the plasma and the levels of glycogen in the tissue were determined after four weeks. Treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats with leaf consumption significantly lowered the diet intake when compared with STZ-control rats. The relative weights of the liver and kidney differed significantly between the normal and diabetic groups. The weights of the kidneys in the leaf group were significantly lower than those in the STZ-control group. The level of hematocrit was also significantly lower in diabetic rats whose diets were supplemented with leaves when compared to those of STZ-control rats. The plasma glucose level was found to be significantly lower in the leaf group than the STZ-control group. The effect was significant after 2 weeks. The HDL-cholesterol levels increased in all of the diabetic experimental groups when compared to the STZ-control group. These results suggest that supplementation with Circicum japonicum leaves induced considerable hypoglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats and that these leaves may be useful for the management of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 1988

This study was carried out to prepare the flavoring substance using sardine for instant soup, and to examine the taste compounds and storage stability of the product. In preparation of product, raw sardine are gutted, boiled for 10 minutes and smoked 3 times to $9{\sim}10%$ moisture content at $80^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. The smoked-dried sardine meat were followed to be 50 mesh of particle size. The powdered-dried sardine were mixed 4.0% sugar, 20.0% table salt, 3.0% monosodium glutamate, 0.2% black pepper, 0.2% garlic powder and 0.2% onion powder, Finally the powdered instant soup product were vacuum packed in a laminated film(PET/A1 foil/CPP) bag, and then stored at room temperature for 120 days. The effect of smoking on enhancing flavor and on preventing lipid oxidation of product during storage were observed. From the chemical analysis and omission test, the principal taste compounds of product were IMP, 478.2mg/l00g; free amino acids such as glutamic acid, histidine, arginine, phenylalaine 3292.5mg/l00g; non-volatile organic acids such as lactic acid, ${\alpha}-ketoglutaric$ acid, 712.2mg/l00g; total creatinine 409.0mg/100g, and small amount of betaine, TMAO. Fatty acid composition of product were mainly consisted of polyenoic acids such as 20:5, 22:6, followed by saturated acids, monoenoic acid. The major fatty acid were 16:0, 16:1, 18:1, 20:5 and 22:6. From the results of sensory evaluation and chemical experiments during storage, the vacuum packed product were good condition for preserving the quality during storage for 120 days. We may conclude that the quality of present product was not inferior to that of seasoning powder of anchovy on the market, and it can be commercialized as a flavoring substance in preparing soup and broth.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1172-1178
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• 2005

Purpose : Childhood Obesity is increasing throughout the world, and it is known to incur many diseases especially in later life such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between obesity and insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) and know if these factors are useful in predicting cardiovascular diseases. Methods : The study group consisted of 64 moderate and severe obese adolescents and the controls were normal adolescents of the same age. body mass index(BMI) was calculated by height and weight; systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured at resting state. After 10-hour fasting period, blood cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol, glucose, insulin, free fatty acid, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were measured. Results : Insulin was significantly higher in the obese adolescent group than the control group(obese group $15.6{\pm}7.0{\mu}IU/mL$, P<0.01). IGF-I was also significantly higher in the obese adolescent group than the control group(obese group $498.1{\pm}122.2ng/mL$, P<0.05). In addition, IGFBP-3 was significantly higher in the obese adolescent group than the control group(obese group $3,777{\pm}4,721ng/mL$, P<0.05). Insulin showed significantly positive correlation with BMI(r=0.3944) and obesity index(r=0.34). IGFBP-3 were significantly correlated with obesity index(r=0.419), diastolic blood pressure (r=0.264) and BMI(r=0.247). Insulin resistance index significantly positive correlation with BMI(r=0.595), blood triglycerid level(r=0.515) and obesity index(r=0.469). Conclusion : Serum insulin, insulin resistance index, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels may be useful to predict cardiovascular diseases in adolescent obesity.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1977

Contents of proline and chloride in halophytes were $80-1700\;{\mu}g/gfw$ and 0.13-0.45 mM/gfw respectively. The content of proline was inversely proportional to that of chloride. Rhizomes of Phargmites communis Trin, a halophyte, were grown in non-saline medium and then taken to saline treatment for one or two weeks. Growth of P. communis was inhibited when salinized with 0.25M NaCl. Total nitrogen decreased and alcohol soluble nitrogen and proline increased when growth was retarded. The quantity of Fraction 1 protein decreased at 0.25M NaCl treatment. The accumulation of proline at high concentration in P. communis suggested that it might play a role in osmotic adjustment.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1981

In this study, sesame oil was chosen as the experimental sample and analysed for its triglyceride composition by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) in combination with gas liquid chromatography(GLC). The triglycerides were separated from sesame oil by liquid chromatographies on Bio-Beads SX-2 and on Sephadex LH-20, and fractionated into five groups on the basis of their partition numbers by reverse phase HPLC on a column packed with $\mu-Bondapak$ C18 using methanol-chloroform mix-ture as a solvent. Each of these collected fractions gave one to three peaks in the GLC chromatograms according to the acyl carbon number of the triglyceride, and fatty acid composition of the triglyceride was also analysed by GLC. From the results, it was found that the sesame oil consists with twenty one kinds of triglyceri-des, and the major triglycerides of sesame oil are those of $(2\;{\times}\;C18:1,\;C18:2\;;\;17.1\%),\;(C18:1,\;2{\times}C18:2\;;\;17.0\%),$ $(3\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;17.0\%),\;(3\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;10.9\%),$ $(3\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;9.6\%),\;(C16:0,\;C18:1,C18:2\;;\;7.9\%),$ $(C16:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;7.4\%),\;(C16:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:2\;;\;6.8\%),$ $(C18:0,\;C18:1,\;C18:2\;;\;3.1\%),\;(2\;{\times}\;C18:0,\;C18:2\;;\;1.5\%)$ $(C18:0,\;2\;{\times}\;C18:1\;;\;1.4\%),\;(C16:0,\;C18:0,\;C18:1\;;\;1.3\%),$ $(2\;{\times}\;C16:0,\;C18:1\;;\;1.2\%),\;and\;(C16:0,C18:0,\;C18:2\;;\;1.0\%)$.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.533-541
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• 2004

Atopic dermatitis, also called congenital fever, is a allergic eczema of chronic itching disease. It is a recurrent and familial disease and appears on a wide age group from infant to adult. It is very common, and the ratio of occurrence is about $9{\~}l2\%$ of a child. However. it is showing trend of continuous increase by social and natural environment, food culture, and life style, recently. The human skin plays a barrier role against a physical and chemical stimulus from external environment. According to the latest study, the decreased amount of ceramide in horny layer impairs the bier function and moisture-maintaining function of skin in atopic dematitis patient. Ceramide is a kind of the sphingolipid in which a fatty acid is connected to sphingosin. Ceramide constitutes about $40\%$ of total lipid between keratinocytes and has the function of defense wall and building regular structure to suppress moisture vaporization in horny layer. In horny layer of skin a comified cell is composed of multi-layer structure of a brick shape, and, as for this cornified cell, it is strongly connected by ceramide, cholesterol, and free fatty acid. Here, we described the effects of a cream containing ceramide on the recovery of skin harrier function of atopic dermatitis patient. The safety and efficacy of latex and liquid formula were evaluated as cosmetics for atopic dermatitis. The latex products was composed of intercellular lipid components-ceramide, cholesterol, and free fatty acid-to restore skin barrier function in atopic dermatitis patients. The liquid one contained beta-glucan, magnolia extracts, and licolice extracts, which have skin immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. It is also confirmed that their possibility on new cosmetic market of atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2011

Clay mineral assemblages of core PC25A collected from the northern part of the Aleutian Basin in the Bering Sea were examined in order to investigate changes in sediment provenances and transport pathways. Ages of core PC25A were determined by both Last Appearance Datum of radiolaria (L. nipponica sakaii; $48.6{\pm}2\; ka$) and age control points obtained by the correlations of $a^{\ast},\; b^{\ast}$, and laminated sediment layers with the adjacent core PC23A, whose ages are well constrained. The corebottom age of core PC25A was calculated to be about 57,600 yr ago and core-top might be missing during coring execution. Average contents of smectite, illite, kaolinite, and chlorite during the last glacial period are 11% (5~24%), 47% (36~58%), 13% (9~19%), and 29% (21~40%), respectively. Clay mineral assemblages of the last glacial period are characterized by higher illite and lower smectite contents than those of core MC24 representing the modern values. Illite-rich clay sediments during the warm Early Holocene were transported from the northern part of Alaska continent (Province 1) through the ice-melt waters. During the deglacial period (B${\phi}$lling-All${\phi}$rod) of MIS 2, clay-sized particles seemed to be also transported by ice-melt waters mainly from Province 2 and Province 3 located farther south than Province 1. Higher smectite content during the Last Glacial Maximum is attributed to increased amounts of clay particles from the adjacent Alaska Peninsula (Province 4). From the early to the middle MIS 3, illite and smectite contents decreased, whereas chlorite content increased. With the low sea level standing during MIS 3 the supply of clay sediments from Province 2 and Province 3 was most likely intensified. Changes in clay mineral assemblages of core PC25A located in the northern part of the Aleutian Basin in the Bering Sea are closely related to the change of surface current system caused by sea level variation during the last glacial period.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.610-615
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• 1992

The difference in content and composition of total lipid, lipid fractions and fatty acids of perilla leaves being used fresh vegetable was investigated in relation to the color of undersurface, i.e. green perilla leaves(GPL) and violet perilla leaves(VPL), by column- and thin layer- and gas chromatography. Total lipid(TL) content was of little difference between green leaves(GPL) (5.24%dw) and violet one (VPL) (5.02%dw), while neutral lipid(NL) content was higher In VPL(36.4% of TL) than GPL(34.7%). The major components were sterol ester and hydrocarbons(58.5%) and trigylcerides(14.9%) in NL, $mono-(42{\sim}45%)$ and $di-(13{\sim}15%)$ galactosyl digylceride in glycolipids(GL) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine$(40{\sim}45%)$ and phosphatidyl glycerol(13%) in phospholipids(PL) for both GPL and VPL. The number of component was 10 in all three fractions. The similarity of component between GPL and VPL was in decreasing order of NL(r=1.00), GL(r=0.997) and PL(r= 0.968). Major fatty acids were linolenic $(62{\sim}64%)$, palmitic$(10{\sim}12%)$ and linolic$(9{\sim}10%)$ for TL, linolenic, palmitic, myristic(43, 15, 14%) for NL, linolenic, oleic, palmitic(79, 11, 8%) for GL and linolenic, linoleic, palmitic(36, 25, 23%) for PL. Unsaturated fatty acid percentage was higher only in GL of VPL than GPL. The similarity of fatty acid composition between GPL and VPL was least in PL and so it was among other fraction with PL.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.451-459
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• 2011

We investigated melting points and sensory characteristics by adding rice bran and roasted soybean to the finishing diet of Hanwoo steers. Thirty-six Hanwoo steers (average age, 20.92 mon-old; average weight, 599.89 kg) were assigned to either Control, Treatment 1 (rice bran) or Treatment 2 (roasted soybean) groups (12 steers/group), considering body weight and age. Supplementation levels of rice bran and roasted soybean were determined to meet total 5% crude fat in the concentrates, and the experimental animals were fed for 314 d until they reached 31.2 mon old. No significant differences were found in the moisture and crude fat content among groups. Melting points of lipid extracted from M. longissimus dorsi, subcutaneous fat, and perirenal fats were 25.83-26.17, 17.26-18.53 and $32.40-33.15^{\circ}C$, respectively, resulting in remarkable differences depending on fat depots. Contents of free amino acids in M. longissimus dorsi related to sweet taste were 39.48 mg/100 g for Treatment 1, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those for Control (32.24 mg/100 g), whereas those related to bitter taste were 25.93 mg/100 g for Treatment 2, which was the lowest (p<0.05) among the groups. Fatty acid composition, such as $C_{14:0}$, $C_{16:0}$, $C_{16:1}$, $C_{18:0}$, and $C_{18:1}$, in M. longissimus dorsi was not different among the groups. Results of a panel test on M. longissimus dorsi showed that Treatment 1 scored the highest (p<0.05) in juiciness, and both Treatments 1 and 2 scored higher (p< 0.05) in overall palatability than the Control group. $C_{18:1}$ showed a positive (+) relationship with tenderness (r = 0.650; p<0.05), and $C_{18:0}$ with flavor (0.698; p<0.05). The results suggest that rice bran and roasted soybean are beneficial for improving M. longissimus dorsi sensory characteristics, whereas no significant differences were found in the physico-chemical characteristics among the groups.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.91-104
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• 2009

This paper attempts to look at the identity of the traditional famous sceneries of Jeju Island by investigating the relationship between 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung(瀛州十二景)', which are the representative beautiful scenes of Jeju Island, and two paintings 'T'amna-Sipkyungtdo(耽羅十景圖)' and 'T'amna-Sullyokto(耽羅巡歷圖)' by a grasp of the contents and meanings of these two paintings. The following are the results of the study. In the 'T'amna-Sipkyung', which is the origin of today's 12 beautiful sceneries of Jeju Island, Baekrokdam and Youngsil are both symbolic places and the backdrops against which Jeju's myths were formed. Jocheonjin, Seogwijin and Myoungwoljin, located near the seashores, are strategic footholds in protecting the territory of the island and connotatively contain its culture and history. Seongsan Ilchulbong, Sanbangsan, Chwibyeongdam and Cheonjeyeon Pokpo are not only the quintessentially beautiful scenes of Jeju but also belong to 'YeoungJu-Sipikyung'. And 'T'amna-Sullyokto', which describes the Jeju horses and tangerines that were presented to the king as tribute, offers scenic elements with a strong political tone and is related to the five scene of 'T'amna-Sullyokto', showing that 'defense' and 'tribute' are motives in choosing the sceneries of people's daily lives here. Jeju's daily scenes in particular have been continuously transmitted: 'Idyllic lives with the background of a tangerine orchard' are shown in 'Kowon Panggo' and 'Kyullim P'ungak', and Jeju horses grazing on pastures or being ridden in hunting trips are presented in 'Sanjang Kuma' and 'Kyorae Taeryop'. Besides Baekrokdam and Youngsil, which do not belong to Sunyeok(巡歷) corridor of minister Lee Hyoungsang, 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung', directly related to 'T'amna-Sipkyung', has six beautiful sceneries: Seongsan of Seongsan Ilchulbong, Baekrokdam of Baekrokmanseol, Younggok of Youngsilgiam, Sanbang of Sanbanggulsa Chwibyeongdam of Yongyeonyabeom and Seogwiso of Seojinnoseong. The image of 'Gosumokma', the tenth landscape of 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung', was expressed as it is, through 'Udojeomma' and 'Sanjangguma'. The ten beautiful sceneries of 'T'amna-Sipkyung' were also especially described in 'T'amna-Sullyokto', besides Baekrokdam and Youngsil, which do not belong to Sunyeok corridor. As the places and landscapes emphasized on 'T'amna-Sipkyungto' and 'T'amna-Sullyokto' in common have been transmitted by the politicians and ancestors of Jeju Island, they have become established as today's 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung', passing through correction processes. When considering this process of development, 'Yeoung Ju-Sipikyung' are worthy of heritage and traditional landscapes accomplished in a long difficult period based on investigation into beautiful Jeju Island and the love of the island people for their home.