• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 1998

Predictive behaviors by the extended k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model and the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model are compared. Grid dependency is tested with the H-type grid as well as the O-type grid. Computations have been performed on a circular-to-rectangular transition duct. The Reynolds number is 390,000 based on the bulk velocity at the inlet. The computed axial velocity contours, transverse velocity profiles, static pressure contours, peripheral skin friction coefficient, peripheral wall static pressure distributions and turbulence kinetic energy have been compared with experimental results. The computed results than those obtained with the standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model. Comparing to the computed results obtained with the H-type grid and O-type grid, those with H-type grid seem to agree well with experimental results.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.595-608
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• 1998

A diffuser an important equipment to change kinetic energy into pressure energy has been studied for a long time. Though experimental and theoretical researches habe been done the understanding of energy transfer and detailed mechanism of energy dissipation is unclear. As far as numerical prediction of diffuser flows are concerned various numerical studies have also been done. On the contrary many turbulence models have constraint to the applicability of diffuser-like flows with expansion and streamline curvature. In order to obtain the reliability of k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model modified combination turbulence models composed of the anisotropic k-$\varepsilon$model modified combination turbulence models composed of the anisotropic k-$\varepsilon$ model with Hanjalic-Launder's preferential normal strain and Pope's vortex stretching mechanism are proposed. The results of the present proposed models prove the fact that the coefficient of pressure and the shear stress are well predicted at the diffuser flow.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.861-867
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• 2014

In the present study, the flow around a circular cylinder at $Re=3.6{\time}10^6$ is numerically simulated using URANS approach. The objective of this study is to evaluate the turbulence models(Realizable k-${\varepsilon}$, RNG k-${\varepsilon}$) through the prediction of the unsteady flow characteristics around the cylinder. The time-averaged drag coefficients and vortex shedding phenomenon in the wake region are compared to available experimental data and other numerical results. The simulation with Realizable k-${\varepsilon}$ model is found to be more dissipative due to large eddy viscosity predicted in the wake region while the simulation with RNG k-${\varepsilon}$ model predicts a complex vortex shedding phenomenon with more coherent structures realistically.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2014

We report parameters that allow the dielectric functions ${\varepsilon}={\varepsilon}_1+i{\varepsilon}_2$ of $AlAs_xSb_{1-x}$ alloys to be calculated analytically over the entire composition range $0{\leq}x{\leq}1$ in the spectral energy range from 0.74 to 6.0 eV by using the dielectric function parametric model (DFPM). The ${\varepsilon}$ spectra were obtained previously by spectroscopic ellipsometry for x = 0, 0.119, 0.288, 0.681, 0.829, and 1. The ${\varepsilon}$ data are successfully reconstructed and parameterized by six polynomials in excellent agreement with the data. We can determine ${\varepsilon}$ as a continuous function of As composition and energy over the ranges given above, and ${\varepsilon}$ can be converted to complex refractive indices using a simple relationship. We expect these results to be useful for the design of optoelectronic devices and also for in situ monitoring of AlAsSb film growth.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 1996

Computational fluid dynamics was used to optimize an A/C duct. Three dimensional flow analysis in an automotive A/C duct was performed computationally using various turbulence models and compared numerical predictions such as outlet flow split, surface pressure distribution along the duct to experimental data. Additionally, we studied the effect of location variation of 2nd branch on exit flow ratio and could find optimal location of 2nd branch. The design of an A/C duct was modeled and calculated to enhance the airflow distribution in each outlet using the STAR-CD computational fluid dynamics software. In results, modified $k-\varepsilon$ turbulence model allows a successful prediction of static pressure distribution particulary at around strong curvature but little improvement flow split. In the future, adoption of CFD to design an A/C duct with modified $k-\varepsilon$ model will bring benefits of producing more accurate prediction, and also give designers more detail information much more than now.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 1994

Wind load is known to be one of major forces to influence the stability of agricultural structures. General flow fields were calculated to determine flow characteristics over the envelop of the following three types of greenhouses with arched roof : single span, twin span greenhouses, and two single span greenhouses apart 3m inbetween. Pressure coefficients along the envelop of greenhouse were numerically calculated by the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model, which lead to determine wind forces on it. Curvilinear coordinate for an arched roof and the upwind scheme were adopted for the study. The calculated pressure coefficients were validated with the avaliable data of Japanese Standard and NGAM Standard. The Magnitude of calculated forces over the envelop was not in good accordance with data except the windward wall. Even tile data of Japanese and NGAM Standard for validation deviated a lot from each other in quantity and quality. Such discrepancy may be attributed to different geometric and/or flow configuration conditions for experiments, or the insenstivity of the k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model to recirculation flow.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 1999

We consider the following semi-parametric non-linear mixed effect regression model : y\ulcorner=f($\chi$\ulcorner;$\beta$)+$\sigma$$\mu$($\chi$\ulcorner)+$\sigma$$\varepsilon$\ulcorner,i=1,…,n,y*=f($\chi$;$\beta$)+$\sigma$$\mu$($\chi$) where y'=(y\ulcorner,…,y\ulcorner) is a vector of n observations, y* is an unobserved new random variable of interest, f($\chi$;$\beta$) represents fixed effect of known functional form containing unknown parameter vector $\beta$\ulcorner=($\beta$$_1$,…,$\beta$\ulcorner), $\mu$($\chi$) is a random function of mean zero and the known covariance function r(.,.), $\varepsilon$'=($\varepsilon$$_1$,…,$\varepsilon$\ulcorner) is the set of uncorrelated measurement errors with zero mean and unit variance and $\sigma$ is an unknown dispersion(scale) parameter. On the basis of finite-sample, small-dispersion asymptotic framework, we derive an absolute lower bound for the asymptotic mean squared errors of prediction(AMSEP) of the regular-consistent non-linear predictors of the new random variable of interest y*. Then we construct an optimal predictor of y* which attains the lower bound irrespective of types of distributions of random effect $\mu$(.) and measurement errors $\varepsilon$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.581-587
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• 2001

Plate heat exchange(PHE) will be applied to the refrigeration and air conditioning systems as evaporators or condensers for their high efficiency and compactness. The purpose of this study is the analyze the characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop of plate heat exchanger. Numerical work was conducted using the FLUENT code k-$\varepsilon$model. Also the dependence of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor on Reynolds number was investigated. As the Reynolds number increases, it is found that heat transfer coefficient also increases, but friction factor decreases. The study examines the internal flow, thermal distribution and the pressure distribution in the channel of plate heat exchanger. The results of CFD analysis compared with experimental data, and the difference of friction factor and Nusselt number in plate heat exchanger are 10% and 20%, respectively, Therefore the CFD analysis model is effective for the performance prediction of plate heat exchanger.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1308-1316
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• 2001

This paper described a numerical investigation performed to understand better the effects of flow parameters in an entrained flow combustor on the flow characteristics. The computational model was based on the gas phase Eulerian equations of mass, momentum and energy. The code was formulated with RNG $k-\varepsilon$ model for turbulent flow. The calculation parameters were the ratio of primary and secondary jet velocity and the height difference between primary and secondary jet As the secondary jet velocity increased, the upper recirculation 3one of the primary jet was strengthened. It was found that as the primary jet velocity increased, there was a critical jet Velocity at which the size of upper and lower recirculation zone was reversed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.745-750
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• 2000

A numerical code which can simulate unsteady, incompressible and 3-dimensional flows in an engine cylinder has been developed. The governing equations based on the cylindrical coordinate are discretized by the finite volume method with staggered variable arrangements. A geometric conservation rule is also incorporated into the simulation code in order to deal with a moving boundary problem. For the unsteady simulation, a fractional step method is adopted. The law of wall is applied to the wall boundaries and standard $k-\;{\varepsilon}$ model is used to describe the in-cylinder turbulent flow. The model cylinder has one eccentric port, flat piston and flat cylinder-head. The comparisons with experimental data show fairly well qualitative agreement.