• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2005

Let ${\cal{L}}$ be a commutative subspace lattice on a Hilbert space ${\cal{H}}$ and X and Y be operators on ${\cal{H}}$. Let $${\cal{M}}_X=\{{\sum}{\limits_{i=1}^n}E_{i}Xf_{i}:n{\in}{\mathbb{N}},f_{i}{\in}{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_{i}{\in}{\cal{L}}\}$$ and $${\cal{M}}_Y=\{{\sum}{\limits_{i=1}^n}E_{i}Yf_{i}:n{\in}{\mathbb{N}},f_{i}{\in}{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_{i}{\in}{\cal{L}}\}.$$ Then the following are equivalent. (i) There is an operator A in $Alg{\cal{L}}$ such that AX = Y, Ag = 0 for all g in ${\overline{{\cal{M}}_X}}^{\bot},A^*A=AA^*$ and every E in ${\cal{L}}$ reduces A. (ii) ${\sup}\;\{K(E, f)\;:\;n\;{\in}\;{\mathbb{N}},f_i\;{\in}\;{\cal{H}}\;and\;E_i\;{\in}\;{\cal{L}}\}\;<\;\infty,\;{\overline{{\cal{M}}_Y}}\;{\subset}\;{\overline{{\cal{M}}_X}}$and there is an operator T acting on ${\cal{H}}$ such that ${\langle}EX\;f,Tg{\rangle}={\langle}EY\;f,Xg{\rangle}$ and ${\langle}ET\;f,Tg{\rangle}={\langle}EY\;f,Yg{\rangle}$ for all f, g in ${\cal{H}}$ and E in ${\cal{L}}$, where $K(E,\;f)\;=\;{\parallel}{\sum{\array}{n\\i=1}}\;E_{i}Y\;f_{i}{\parallel}/{\parallel}{\sum{\array}{n\\i=1}}\;E_{i}Xf_{i}{\parallel}$.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2006

p-iodo-phenyl octadecyl ether (I-POE)와 p-iodo-phenyl docosyl ether (I-PDE)의 분자의 흑연표면에서의 자기조립과 이 두 분자로 이루어진 혼합물의 자기조립을 주사 터널링 현미경을 이용하여 연구하였다. 각 분자 시스템은 흑연 표면에서 head-to-tail 배향의 안정된 단분자막으로 자기조립한다. 혼합물 시스템에서는 I-POE와 I-PDE 분자들은 표면에서 섞이지 않고, 고립된 단분자막 도메인을 형성한다. 특히 I-POE 분자는 흑연 표면에서 단분자막 구조를 우선적으로 형성하는데 이는 알킬 사슬 길이와 작용기를 가진 헤드 그룹의 효과에 기인한다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2005년도 제36회 하계학술대회 논문집 A
• /
• pp.396-398
• /
• 2005

IEC 60287-3-2 standards suggests the selection method of economic conductor size for power cables. This method deals solely with the economic choice of conductor size based on joule losses. This paper introduces the method and example study which is proposed by IEC standards.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제50권10호
• /
• pp.528-533
• /
• 2017

Peroxiredoxin I (Prx I) plays an important role as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger in protecting and maintaining cellular homeostasis; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we identified a critical role of Prx I in protecting cells against ROS-mediated cellular senescence by suppression of $p16^{INK4a}$ expression. Compared to wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (WT-MEFs), Prx $I^{-/-}$ MEFs exhibited senescence-associated phenotypes. Moreover, the aged Prx $I^{-/-}$ mice showed an increased number of cells with senescence associated-${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal) activity in a variety of tissues. Increased ROS levels and SA-${\beta}$-gal activity, and reduction of chemical antioxidant in Prx $I^{-/-}$ MEF further supported an essential role of Prx I peroxidase activity in cellular senescence that is mediated by oxidative stress. The up-regulation of $p16^{INK4a}$ expression in Prx $I^{-/-}$ and suppression by overexpression of Prx I indicate that Prx I possibly modulate cellular senescence through $ROS/p16^{INK4a}$ pathway.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권7호
• /
• pp.915-921
• /
• 2001

IGF-I is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation in mammals, but its role as a modulator of growth and metabolism in poultry is poorly understood. And, no studies have so far been reported for the comparison between serum IGF-I concentration and body growth in the egg type or the dual purposes (meat and egg type) chicken including the Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC). Therefore, in order to improve the body growth and meat production of the KNOC, this study was conducted for the identification of the polymorphism of IGF-I gene and for its possible association with both body weight and IGF-I concentration. The RFLP patterns for IGF-I gene were identified by the PstI restriction enzyme. The frequencies of +/+, +/-, and -/- genotype were 16.9%, 51.7%, and 31.4%, respectively. Any statistical significance was not observed in all variations except for sex variation (p<0.01) by covariate quadratic model. The significant effect of the IGF-I genotype on body weight by sex indicates that there are different physiological characteristics in gender. Although the body weights of male KNOCs in most ages were not significant, there was a tendency of KNOCs with +/+ IGF-I genotype to be heavier than those with any other genotypes. But all IGF-I genotypes in female did not influence on body weight. The ANOYA revealed no significant effects of IGF-I genotypes on serum IGF-I concentration but sex effect was highly significant on the IGF-I concentration at 20 and 40 weeks (p<0.01). Although the +/+ genotype, in gender, tended to express a higher IGF-I concentration than the other genotypes at all ages in males, a statistical difference among the genotypes was not found except for 60 weeks (p<0.05). Furthermore, since body weight and IGF-I genotypes are associated, it is possible to improve KNOC to a meat type breed if a continuous selection can be made for the body weight and/or IGF-I traits.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2009

In previous studies, we found that Annexin I (Anx I) was co-secreted with insulin in response to glucose, and that extracellular Anx I stimulated the release of insulin via the Anx I binding site in rat pancreatic islets and the &-cell line. However, the role that Anx I plays in the insulin secretion was not established. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the insulin secretion pattern in response to Anx I and the involvement of the cytoskeleton or PKC in Anx Istimulated insulin secretion in MIN6N8a cells. The peak time of insulin secretion in response to Anx I treatment corresponded with the second phase insulin secretion by glucose in the perifused pseudoislets. In addition, Anx I-stimulated insulin secretion was not affect by readily releasable pool depletion. Taken together, these findings indicate that Anx I treatment was associated with movement of the reserve pool of insulin. Furthermore, Anx I-stimulated insulin secretion was attenuated by treatment with a microfilament inhibitor, cytochalasin B, as well as by PKC down regulation. These results indicate that Anx I may be a regulator of second phase insulin secretion.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 1999

Annexin I (also called lipocortin 1), a 37-kDa member of the annexin family of proteins, has been implicated in the mitogenic signal transduction by epidermal growth factor (EGF). Annexin I is phosphorylated by the EGF signal, however, the role of annexin I in the EGF signal transduction is still unknown. To transduce extracellular signals into the intracellular targets, selective translocation of the signaling molecules to their targets would be necessary. In this study, we examined the subcellular locations of annexin I during EGF signal transduction. Treatment of A549 cells with EGF resulted in the translocation of cytoplasmic annexin I to the nucleus and perinuclear region as determined by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. The nuclear translocation of annexin I was inhibited by tyrphostin AG 1478 and genistein, the inhibitors of EGF receptor kinase and downstream tyrosine kineses, respectively. Pretreatment of cells with cyclohexamide did not inhibit the nuclear translocation. The results suggest that nuclear translocation of annexin I is controlled by a series of kinase dependent events in the EGF receptor signaling pathway and may be important in tranducing the signals by EGF.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we introduce the generalized ideal-based zero-divisor graph structure of near-ring N, denoted by $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$. It is shown that if I is a completely reflexive ideal of N, then every two vertices in $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$ are connected by a path of length at most 3, and if $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$ contains a cycle, then the core K of $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$ is a union of triangles and rectangles. We have shown that if $\widehat{{\Gamma}_I(N)}$ is a bipartite graph for a completely semiprime ideal I of N, then N has two prime ideals whose intersection is I.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.307-317
• /
• 2016

Let R be a ring. It is well-known that R is NI if and only if ${\sum}^n_{i=0}Ra_i$ is a nil ideal of R whenever a polynomial ${\sum}^n_{i=0}a_ix^i$ is nilpotent, where x is an indeterminate over R. We consider a condition which is similar to the preceding one: ${\sum}^n_{i=0}Ra_iR$ contains a nonzero nil ideal of R whenever ${\sum}^n_{i=0}a_ix^i$ over R is nilpotent. A ring will be said to be quasi-NI if it satises this condition. The structure of quasi-NI rings is observed, and various examples are given to situations which raised naturally in the process.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1999년도 제14차 학술회의논문집
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 1999

In this paper, a technique to expand the Input and Output (I/O) of the programmable logic controller (PLC) using remote I/O module is presented. The controller and the remote I/O module should have the same protocol and are interfaced through RS 485. Each remote I/O module consists of 16 digital input and 16 digital output, and the maximum of 32 remote I/O module can be linked to one controller. The remote I/O is programmed for interrupt request to controller independently. Therefore, there is no affect to the scan time of the controller. Using this technique, the PLC can be efficiently applied to the several hundred meters different control points such as the ON-OFF control fur the agriculture farm, the building automation system, a multi group of machine control.