• 영어영문학
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.187-201
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• 2018

Horatio Alger's Ragged Dick (1868) betrays the economic and social system of nineteenth-century America through a self-reformative bootblack's quest for respectability. Being considered a space of constant danger, nineteenth-century New York City serves as a game board, and both visitors and residents of the city are supposed to avoid dangers while moving across its space. Dick Hunter, the juvenile protagonist of the novel, illustrates a street-child who starts his game of life from the backline of the game board. Continuing his quest for respectability, not only must he abandon the bad habits that he acquired as a street-child, but he also must avoid thieves and swindlers just like a tourist or like a player of nineteenth-century American board games. As Dick's social rise goes parallel with his movement in the city space, his entrance to a bank brings him the access to other respectable places, and a series of entrance turns him into a legitimate subject in the official system of the American society. While he continues his game of life successfully with the help of gentlemen patrons, in reality it is almost impossible for a disadvantaged player to escape the backline of the society. Thus, Dick's success story presents Alger's fantasy about the ideal economic system in which materials and persons are endlessly circulated.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2007

While there is growing evidence regarding the subgroup-sensitive nature of risk factors among delinquent adolescents, researchers have paid little attention to the tracking of risks and needs by subgroups (e.g., gender, ethnicity, and the timing of onset for delinquency) among youth who are currently involved in the juvenile court system. Therefore, greater empirical attention directed toward subgroup-sensitive risk factors experienced by delinquent adolescents is thought to be both timely and necessary. A final convenience sample of 2167 court-involved adolescents in the US was used to specify subgroup-sensitive risks and needs. The results demonstrated that there were various levels of risks according to subgroups associated with gender, ethnicity, and onset for delinquency group. The findings of this study add to the extant literature on delinquency by demonstrating the importance of considering subgroups associated with gender, ethnicity, and the timing of onset for delinquency when practicing treatment or intervention programs with delinquent adolescents.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.129-153
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• 2015

Mandatory shutdown policy of the juvenile protection act was enforced in December 2011 to prevent game addiction of the youth. However, the size of game market in Korea seems to be reduced significantly after implementation of the shutdown policy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of current government regulations on Korean online game market. Based on empirical evidences and results from the related literature, we developed several causal loop diagrams(CLD) and system dynamics models. The CLD include sub-diagrams of innovation processes, user commitments, and operational costs. We conducted simulation analyses under various policy scenarios, adopting Normalized Unit Modelling By Elementary Relationship(NUMBER). Our results show that first, the impact of time regulation on the number of users is greater than the impact of content regulation. Second, the quality of domestic online game appears more elastic to regulations than the quality of foreign online game. The results of this study suggest that the deregulation in Korean online game market can narrow the gap in market outcomes between domestic and foreign online games. Some recommendations for future study are suggested.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.341-363
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 USC SLIS의 각종 학위과정을 제시하였고, USC SLIS의 교육과정을 우리나라의 지역거점 국립대학교와 비교하여 분석하였으며, 우리나라에서 개선할 부분에 관하여 논의하였다. USC SLIS 학과장, 일반 교수, 대학원 학생, 직원 등과의 면담, USC SLIS의 홈페이지 분석, 문헌연구 등을 활용하여 데이터를 수집하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 USC SLIS의 학위 과정 및 교과과정의 특성 가운데 많은 부분을 장단기적으로 우리나라 대학에서 시행할 수 있다고 판단된다. 학부 과정, 석사 과정과 박사 과정에 대한 별도의 교육목적 설정 및 그에 맞는 교육과정의 개편, 교과목별 이수 순서의 설정, 청소년 및 아동 관련 과목의 추가 개설 등이 시행될 수 있을 것이다. 사서교사 양성에 필요한 교과목의 개편, 학부 과정의 교육내용의 개편, 복수학위제 등도 도입을 고려할 수 있다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권sup1호
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• pp.74-74
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• 2009

The perciform suborder Labroidei comprising six families (Cichlidae, Embiotocidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Odacidae, and Scaridae) are characterized by having the specialized pharyngeal jaws for food processing, i.e., united fifth ceratobranchials and upper pharyngeal jaw articulating with the basicranium via diarthroses (Stiassny and Jensen, 1987). They usually inhabit in the most tropical and subtropical seas and comprise about 235 genera and roughly 2,274 species worldwide (Nelson, 2006). Concerning the Korean labroid fishes, Mori (1952) had listed 18 genera and 26 species belong to four families in his check list of Korean fishes since Jordan and Metz (1913) firstly reported six genera and seven species in only two families (Embiotocidae and Labridae). Chyung (1977) added two species, Tilapia mossambica and Cirrhilabrus temmincki, to Mori’s list and also classified them into three suborders, i.e., Embiotocina (containing only Embiotocidae), Pomacentrina (Cichlidae and Pomacentridae), and Labrina (Labridae and Scaridae). Subsequently, Lee and Kim (1996) reviewed the Korean labroidfishes taxonomically resulting in 22 genera and 32 species in five families with some taxonomical modifications including a new Korean record. It is remarkable to be added many new Korean recordsto the pomacentrids or the labrids for recent 10 years (Koh et al., 1995; Yoo et al., 1995; Koh et al., 1997; Myoung, 1997; Choi and Kim, 2000; Choi et al., 2002; Kim and Go, 2003). Recently, Kim et al. (2005) briefly described all members of the Korean Labroidei with a color photograph or a figure, recognizing 27 genera and 42 species in five families. In the present study, the current taxonomical status of the Korean labroid fishes including distributional features is summarized based both on specimens collected from the Korean waters and on literature survey to provide bio-information of the Korean native fish species. As a result, the Korean labroid fishes totally consist of 27 genera and 44 species in five families, that is, Cichlidae (1 species), Embiotocidae (3), Pomacentridae (15), Labridae (22), and Scaridae (2). They distributed mainly in the coastal waters of the South Sea, Korea, however, most pomacentrids or labrids occur in the coastal waters of Jeju Island only, although some species were observed in their larval or juvenile stages only from coastal waters of the island. Interestingly, several species are expanding their distribution north to Ulreung and Dok islands in the East Sea, Korea lately.

• 한국방송∙미디어공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방송공학회 2009년도 IWAIT
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• pp.773-777
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• 2009

In recent years, the field of synthesizing voice has been developed rapidly, and the technologies such as reading aloud an email or sound guidance of a car navigation system are used in various scenes of our life. The sound quality is monotonous like reading news. It is preferable for a text such as a novel to be read by the voice that expresses emotions wealthily. Therefore, we have been trying to develop a system reading aloud novels automatically that are expressed clear emotions comparatively such as juvenile literature. At first it is necessary to identify emotions expressed in a sentence in texts in order to make a computer read texts with an emotionally expressive voice. A method on the basis of the meaning interpretation that utilized artificial intelligence technology for a method to specify emotions of texts is thought, but it is very difficult with the current technology. Therefore, we propose a method to determine only emotion every sentence in a novel by a simpler way. This method determines the emotion of a sentence according to an emotion that words such as a verb in a Japanese verb sentence, and an adjective and an adverb in a adjective sentence, have. The emotional characteristics that these words have are prepared beforehand as a emotional words dictionary by us. The emotions used here are seven types: "joy," "sorrow," "anger," "surprise," "terror," "aversion" or "neutral."

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2004

Fibromyalgia syndrome(FMS) is a chronic pain disorder of unknown etiology characterized by widespread musculoskeletal aches and pains, stiffness, and general fatigue, disturbed sleep and sleepiness. Frequently misdiagnosed, FMS is often confused with myofascial pain syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, polymyositis, hypothyroidism, metastatic carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, or systemic lupus erythematosus, any of which may occur concomitantly with FMS. The management of FMS often begins with a thorough examination and a diagnosis from a physician who is formally trained in tender-point/trigger-point recognition. An initial diagnosis provides reassurance to the patient and often reduces the anxiety and depression patterns associated with FMS. The most common goals in the management of FMS are (1) to break the pain cycle, (2) to restore sleep patterns, and (3) to increase functional activity levels. Because FMS is a multifactorial syndrome, it is likely that the best treatment will encompass multiple strategies. Medication with analgesics and antidepressants and also physiotherapy, are often prescribed and give some relief. The other most effective intervention for long-term management of FS to date is physical exercise. Physical therapists can instruct patients in the use of heat at home (moist hot packs, heating pads, whirlpools, warm showers or baths, and hot pads) to increase local blood flow and to decrease muscle spasm and tension. Also instruct patients in the proper use of cold modalities (ice packs, ice massage, and cool baths) to anesthetize localized areas of pain (tender points) and break the pain cycle. Massage and tender-point massage also may promote muscle relaxation. To date, the two most important interventions for the long-term management of FS are patient education and physical exercise. Lately, is handling FMS and Chronic Fatigue syndrome(CFS) together, becuase FMS and CFS are poorly understood disorders that share similar demographic and clinical characteristics. Because of the clinical similarities between both disorders it was suggested that they share a common pathophysiological mechanism, namely, central nervous system dysfunction.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2008

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is characterized by proliferation of pathological Langerhans cells within different organs. It mainly affects children, but adult cases also occur, with an incidence rate of one to two per million. LCH results from the clonal proliferation of Langerhans cells. And its etiopathogenesis is still unknown. The hypothesis that it is a neoplastic or inflammatory disease, as well as the existence or not of immunological, viral or genetic predisposing factors, has been widely discussed in the literature, but no conclusive proof has ever been provided. Although lesions may appear in tissues of various origins such as skin, hypothalamus, liver, lung, or lymphoid tissue, bone is the most common site of the disease. The head and neck are affected in almost 90% of cases. The maxillary and mandibular bones are affected in 5 to 10% of cases. In our report, we present four cases of LCH in patients aged 3, 4, 7 and 9 years respectively, with primary manifestation in maxillofacial area.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2000

연구 목적：본 연구는 요인분석을 통하여 한국 청소년의 비행행동 유형을 분류하고, 청소년 비행행동을 조기에 평가하기 위한 측정도구 개발을 위한 연구이다. 방 법：서울 및 지방의 소아·청소년 정신과 외래 방문청소년 4명, 소년원, 분류심사원의 재소청소년 4명과, 중 ${\cdot}$ 고교에 재학중인 학생청소년 4명, 총 12명을 대상으로 실시한 개인면담 내용과 관련문헌 고찰을 근거로 총 31개 문항으로 구성된 예비도구를 작성하였다. 다음 단계로 본 예비도구에 대한 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였는데 도구의 타당도 검증은 전문가집단에 의한 내용타당도와 요인분석을 통한 구성타당도를 검증하였으며, 신뢰도 검증은 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 내적 일관성 정도 및 각 문항과 요인과의 상관계수를 조사하였다. 이상의 검증과정을 통하여 31개 문항이 모두 청소년 비행행동 평가를 위한 최종 도구로 확정되었다. 마지막으로 실제 상황에서의 최종도구의 변별력 정도를 확인하기 위하여 학생청소년군과 비행청소년군총 2,177명을 대상으로 본 도구를 이용한 설문조사를 실시한 후 t 검정을 하였다. 결 과：1) 최종확정된 도구는 총 31개 문항 3개 요인으로 구성되어 있으며 이들 요인들의 총설명변량은 52.2%였다. 또한 31개 문항들은 모두 각 요인에 .40이상의 유의한 적재량을 보였다. 2) 3개요인 중 요인 I 은 반사회적 비행행동으로 명명하였고 총 17개문항으로 구성되어 있으며, 요인 II는 공격적 비행행동으로 총 8개문항, 그리고 요인 III은 정신병질적 비행행동으로 총 6개 문항으로 구성되어 있다. 3) 본 도구의 총 31개 문항의 신뢰도는 Cronbach Coefficient Alpha값이 .952였으며, 각 요인별 신뢰도 는 요인 Ⅰ이 .950, 요인 II가 .866, 그리고 요인 III이 .721이었다. 4) 본 도구의 변별력을 확인하기 위하여 학생청소년군과 비행청소년군을 대상으로 실시한 요인별 차이검정 결과 요인 Ⅰ, 요인 II, 요인 III 및 전체 문항 모두에서 학생청소년군과 비행청소년군간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 결 론：1) 본 연구를 통해 개발된 도구를 다른 대상자에게 반복 적용하여 연구함으로써 계속적인 신뢰도와 타당도 검증이 필요하다. 2) 이상적인 도구평가기준은 신뢰도와 타당도 뿐만 아니라 단순성, 효율성, 객관성 등까지도 고려되어져야 한다는 관점에서 볼 때, 본 도구는 지속적인 수정 보완 작업이 필요하며 이 과정을 통하여 보다 완전한 도구가 될 수 있으리라 추론된다. 3) 본 도구를 적용하여 한국청소년의 비행행동 유형이 어떤 것인지를 파악하고 이와 관련된 치료적 접근, 비행가능 청소년에 대한 사전 평가 척도까지도 연구 개발할 수 있다고 본다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.29-39
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• 1989

화골섬유종은 비교적 천천히 증식하는 종양으로 발견전 몇년간은 나타나지 않는다. 악골에서 화골섬유종의 잘 경계되어진 성질은 완전한 제거가 용이하여 이로인한 치료결과도 양호하다. 그러나 때때로 유년기 하악에서 이 종양의 골격적 양상을 볼 수 있다. 그러한 경우 종양의 침윤적인 성장 때문에 건강한 조직을 포함한 절제가 적용된다. 본 증례의 환자는 34세의 여성으로 약 두달전 우측 안모의 점진적인 팽윤을 인지하였으며 상악우측 구치부의 간헐적인 동통을 호소하였고 종물은 상악결절부위 및 우측 상악동의 전측방벽까지 팽윤되어 있었다. 방사선적 조사에서 우측 상악동의 후측방벽과 전방벽 그리고 우측 치조돌기와 경구개 까지의 파괴와 함께 다수의 치밀한 구형의 석회화물질을 함유한 종물이 관찰되었다. 종물은 최근의 빠른 침윤성 성장을 고려하여 부분적 상악골 절제술로 제거되었으며 6개월간 술후검사에서 환자는 특이한 술후 이상을 보이지 않았다.