• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2010

The effect of various alloying elements and melt treatment on the microstructural control of Al-Sn metallic bearing alloy was investigated. The thickness of tin film crystallized around primary aluminum decreased with the addition of 5% Cu in Al-Sn alloy, with tin particles being reduced in size by intervening the Ostwald ripening. With the addition of Si in Al-10%Sn alloy, the tin particles were crystallized with eutectic silicon, resulting in uniform distribution of tin particles. With the addition of Cu and Si in Al-Sn alloy, both the tensile strength and yield strength increased, with the increasing rate of yield strength being less than that of tensile strength. Although the Al-10%Sn-7%Si alloy has similar tensile strength compared with Al-10%Sn-5%Cu, the former showed superior abrasion resistance, resulting from preventing the tin particles from movement to the abrasion surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2012

HVOF thermal spray coating of 80%WC-CoFe powder is one of the most promising candidate for the replacement of the traditional hard chrome plating and hard ceramics coating because of the environmental problem of the very toxic $Cr^{6+}$ known as carcinogen by chrome plating and the brittleness of ceramics coatings. 80%WC-CoFe powder was coated by HVOF thermal spraying for the study of durability improvement of the high speed spindle such as air bearing spindle. The coating procedure was designed by the Taguchi program, including 4 parameters of hydrogen and oxygen flow rates, powder feed rate and spray distance. The surface properties of the 80%WC-CoFe powder coating were investigated roughness, hardness and porosity. The optimal condition for thermal spray has been ensured by the relationship between the spary parameters and the hardness of the coatings. The optimal coating process obtained by Taguchi program is the process of oxygen flow rate 34 FRM, hydrogen flow rate 57 FRM, powder feed rate 35 g/min and spray distance 8 inch. The coating cross-sectional structure was observed scanning electron microscope before chemical etching. Estimation of coating porosity was performed using metallugical image analysis. The Friction and wear behaviors of HVOF WC-CoFe coating prepared by OCP are investigated by reciprocating sliding wear test at $25^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$. Friction coefficients (FC) of coating decreases as sliding surface temperature increases from $25^{\circ}C$ to $450^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2024

In this study, in order to improve the lifespan of parts made of manganese steel, manganese steel was cast by varying the amount of Ti added to the steel. In order to confirm the characteristics of the cast material, processing characteristics including tensile and surface characteristics and bearing ratio were investigated. It was confirmed that when the amount of Ti added to high manganese steel exceeds 0.5%, the strength of the alloy is improved due to grain refinement, and fine carbides are formed inside the steel. This results in increased resistance to surface wear compared to the alloy with only Mn added. There was no significant difference in the increase in tensile strength as the Ti content in manganese steel was increased. However, inclusion of Ti showed a small but greater effect on wear resistance compared to Mn, and the size and the distribution of carbides become coarse depending on the Ti content. and was evenly distributed. It was confirmed that the strength and surface properties of manganese steel can be improved by the addition of Ti to improve the lifespan of parts made with this steel. It was found that Ti is effective in developing materials with excellent wear resistance due to refinement of dendrite crystal grains. In the samples where Ti was added, the carbide appears to increase the resistance to surface roughness, and due to the nature of Mn steel, surface hardening begins to occur, which appears to extend the life.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.318-323
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• 2009

The oil characteristics and wear particles of Diesel engines with a DPF have been investigated as a function of a driving distance. The engine oil of SAE 5W30 with ACEA C3 is used for an oil film lubrication of the engine, which is equipped with Diesel particulate filter. Depending on the oil test results, the kinematic viscosity of used engine oils at 40 is degraded up to 5.1% compared with that of unused engine oils, SAE 5W30. And the kinematic viscosity of used engine oils at 100 is more degraded up to 8.1% compared with that of unused engine oils. The oil characteristic as a function of a mileage is not changed depending on the driving distance because of high quality of engine oils. But the aluminum and copper compounds, which are used as base materials of the engine bearing and a pin bush, are much worn and contaminated for the increased mileage of the car. The oil properties of used engine oils are relatively good except phosphorus and calcium additives, which are heavily engaged in the performance of the oils.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.338-345
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• 2002

The study presents a new testing and analysis method for brake judder on vehicle. For the identification of the excitation mechanism of a brake judder, it is necessary to measure the dynamic brake disc geometry during braking on vehicle. The non-contact sensor system was used to monitor the brake disc geometry. Brake torque variation (BTV) caused by disc thickness variation (DTV) is the primary excitation for brake judder. The mechanical effects generating BTV are linked not only to initial manufacturing tolerances but also to uneven wear. Therefore, the brake disc geometry should be strictly managed to initial condition. The aim of this study has been to measure the dynamic DTV and runout on vehicle and analyze the influence of test parameters on brake judder and compare the disc component with vehicle matching about the DTV Profile. As a result of this study, The amplitude of brake judder is proportional to vehicle speed and fluid pressure fluctuation on braking. The major sources of brake judder are directly related to disc thickness variation and side runout variation of corner assembly (disc, hub. bearing).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.1387-1395
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• 2013

When the center of mass of a railway wheel is not aligned with the geometrical center of the wheel axis, wheel unbalance occurs. If a railway vehicle runs without removing the wheel unbalance, vibrations will be produced. This will also cause wear and damage of the axle bearing. In this study, dynamic analysis of a railway vehicle with wheel unbalance was conducted to examine the reduction in critical speed and the resonance of the car-body and the effect on the magnitude of wheel unbalance was examined. In addition, the calculation of the car-body vibration owing to static and dynamic unbalance in the railway wheel shows that two-plane balancing is necessary.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.603-608
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• 2009

Novel ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/zirconia composites were previously prepared by the in situ polymerization of ethylene using a Ti-based Ziegler-Natta catalyst supported on to the surface of zirconia, as a bearing material for artificial joints. Tribological tests revealed that a uniform dispersion of zirconia in UHMWPE markedly increased the wear resistance. The effects of zirconia content on the oxidation behavior of the ${\gamma}$-ray-treated UHMWPE/zirconia composite surfaces were examined. The oxidation index that estimates the oxidation degree as the content of total carbonyl compounds was monitored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance. The changes in the surface composition due to the oxidation were confirmed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. The extent of oxidation decreased with increasing zirconia content, which was attributed to the increased crystallinity as well as the decreased polymer portion of the UHMWPE/zirconia composites.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2010

The forefoot reconstruction is a challenging field for plastic surgeons. Weight bearing tolerability and stability are important factor of choosing reconstruction methods, but cosmetic aspect has to be considered. 51 year old man visited our clinic with extensive degloving injury on right forefoot by roller. The soft tissue defect started from metatarsal area to the toe tip including nails. We harvested the anterolateral thigh flap and transferred it to the forefoot defect area with nerve coaptation. The flap was successful without skin necrosis or other complications. Secondary flap debulking surgery was performed after ten months from initial operation. Patient was satisfied with functional and cosmetic outcomes. The patient was able to wear shoes and walk with adequate sensory recovery. As there is few report about reconstruction of forefoot soft tissue defects, we report a unique case of the anterolateral thigh innervated free flap reconstruction in degloving injury.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.359-364
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• 2020

Numerical investigation of the groove trap effect with variation in the groove-edge radius of curvature is presented here. The trap effect is evaluated in a two-dimensional sliding bearing using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This simulation is based on the discrete phase model (DPM) and standard k - ε turbulence model using commercial CFD software, FLUENT. The numerical results are evaluated by comparisons with streamlines and particle trajectories in the grooves. Grooves are applied to various lubrication systems to improve their lubrication characteristics, such as load carrying capacity increment, leakage reduction, frictional loss reduction, and preventing three-body abrasive wear due to trapping effect. This study investigates the grove trapping effect for various groove-edge radius of curvature values and Reynolds numbers. The particle is assumed to be made of steel, with a circular shape, and is injected as a single particle in various positions. One-way coupling is used in the DPM model because the single particle injection condition is applied. Further, the "reflect" condition is applied to the wall boundary and "escape" condition is used for the "pressure inlet" and "pressure outlet" boundaries. From the numerical results, the groove edge radius is found to influence the groove trap effect. Moreover, the groove trap effect is more effective when applying the groove edge radius.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2008

To investigate the effect of ultrasonic nano-crystalline surface modification (UNSM) treatment on rolling contact fatigue and residual stress properties of bearing steels, this paper carried out a rolling contact fatigue test, measured residual stress and retained austenite, performed a wear test, observed microstructure, measured micro hardness, and analyzed surface topology. After the UNSM treatment, it was found that the surface became minute by over $100{\mu}m$. The micro surface hardness was changed from Hv730~740 of base material to Hv850~880 with about 20% improvement, and hardening depth was about 1.3 mm. The compressive residual stress was measured as high as -700~-900 MPa, and the quantity of retained austenite was reduced to 27% from 34%. The polymet RCF-6 ball type rolling contact fatigue test showed over 4 times longer fatigue lifetime after the UNSM treatment under 551 kgf load and 8,000 rpm. In addition, this paper observed the samples, which went through the rolling contact fatigue test, with OM and SEM, and it was found that the samples had a spalling phenomenon (the race way is decentralized) after the UNSM treatment. However, before the treatment, the samples had excessive spalling and complete exploration. Comparison of the test samples before and after the UNSM treatment showed a big difference in the fatigue lifetime, which seems to result from the complicated effects of micro particles, compressive residual stress, retained austenite, and surface topology.