• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.163-184
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• 2007

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of Phellodendri Cortex Herbal-acupuncture solution (PC-HAS) at Joksamni (ST36) on collagen II induced arthritis in DBA-1J mice. The author performed several experimental items to analyze arthritis evaluation, change of weight, spleen size and adhesion rate, change of cytokine level, IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II, chang of immunocyte count, histological change of CIA mouse joint. Results : 1. In the PC-HA group, arthritis index, the incidence of arthritis and joint edema were significantly decreased. 2. In the PC-HA group, the change of spleen size, spleen adhesion rate and the knee joint were significantly decreased. 3. The levels of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and INF- in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased by PC-HA. 4. The levels of IgG, IgM and anti-collagen II in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased by PC-HA. 5. In the CIA mouse spleen cell culture, the levels of IFN- , IFN- / IL-4, IL-10 were significantly decreased by PC-HA, but the level of IL-4 was significantly increased by PC-HA. 6. In the PC-HA group, the ratios of $CD3e^+$ to $CD45R^+$ cell, $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell and $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cell were similarly maintained as normal group in the CIA mouse spleen cell. 7. In the PC-HA group, $CD4^+CD25^+$ and $CD45R^+/CD69^+$ cell were significantly decreased in the lymph nodes. 8. In the PC-HA group, $CD3^+/CD69^+$ and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cell were significantly decreased in knee joint. 9. In histology, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation in the PC-HA group were similar with that of the normal group and the collagen fiber expressions in the PC-HA group were similar with that of the normal group. Conclusions : Form the result above, the results suggest that the PC-HA at ST36 has significant effect on collagen-induced arthritis, and can be put to practical use in the future rheumatoid arthritis clinic.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.47-62
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• 2010

Objectives: Colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by colonic mucosal inflammation and chronic relapsing events represents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of pharmacopuncture of anti-inflammatory herbal compound (AiC) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods: In Male Sprague - Dawley rats, weighing 250~400g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), ST25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), and BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by AiC, respectively (injection volume & times: 0.2 ml / acupoint, twice times on the 2nd & 3rd day). Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hr after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results: The expression of c-Fos protein in the L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hr after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal and 50% ethanol treated group. AiC to LI4 inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol and PAG but not L6 s.c. and LC. AiC to ST36 showed significant inhibition the c-Fos expression in L6 s.c., Sol and PAG. AiC to ST25 only showed the effects in L6 s.c. and PAG. AiC to BL25 inhibited significantly the expression of c-Fos protein all over the areas. To investigate whether or not endogenous opioids are involved, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30ug/30ul) was applied before the 2nd pharmacopuncture treatment 24 hr after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem. Conclusions: These data show that pharmacopuncture of Aic potently inhibits signal pathways ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis and depends on the endogenous opioids according to acupoints.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.105-129
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• 2004

Methods: It was studied on the 47 kinds of oriental medical literature for fecal blood. Results: Fecal blood means bleeding with faces from anus and indicates all the three cases such as blooding before and after evacuation, evacuation of feces mixed with blood, and simple melena. The main causes are fire(火) and deficiency of spleen qi (脾氣虛). According to the color of fecal blood and the region of the bleeding, first, if the blood color is dark-red and blood discharges after emptying the bowels, it is called deposited poison into Jang(臟毒) or distant bleeding(遠血), and if the color of blood is clear and bowel emptying occurs after bleeding, it is bloody stool due to intestinal wind(腸風) or nearby bleeding(近血). For treating methods(治法). removing heat from the blood and stopping bleeding(淸熱凉血止血), removing dampness and stopping bleeding(淸熱除濕止血), invigorating Ki for promoting Hul-controJ(益氣攝血), warming the spleen and stomach to dispel cold and stopping bleeding(溫中散寒止血) etc are applied. As for the treating prescriptionl(治法), a Hwangtotang(黃土湯). Jeoksodudanggwitang(赤小豆當歸散). Gwihwasan(槐花散). Wipungtang(胃風湯). Hwangnyeonhwan modifying(黃連丸加減). Samultang modifying(四物湯加減). Paedoksan modifying(敗毒散加減) etc are used. As for acupuncture and moxibustion(鍼灸療法). if etiology(病因) is damp-heat(濕熱), acupuncture(刺鍼) at Janggang(長强); Charyo(BL 32); Sangeoheo(ST 37)(上巨虛); Seungsan(BL 57)(承山穴), and in case of deficiency of spleen Gi(脾氣虛), acupunture(刺鍼) with tonification(補法) at I Baek(EX-UE 2)(二白); Gwanwon(CC 4)(關元); Joksamni(ST 36)(足三里) Taebaek(SP 3)(太白); Hoeeum(CC 1)(會陰穴), or mxibuston(灸) at Baekoe(GC 2O)(百會); Myeongmun9GC (命門) or the point of opposite to umbilicus among spinal vertebrae(脊中對臍穴) are used. The external treatment(外治療法) was consisted of plastering umbilicus therapy(敷臍法) and enema therapy(灌腸法).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.195-209
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• 2009

Objectives : Transient inflammation has been demonstrated to alter visceral sensory function in animal models and acute mucosal inflammation may precede the manifestation of visceral hyperalgesia. Thus in this study we compared effects of herbal acupuncture of Nidus Vespae (NV) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods : In Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250 ~ 400 g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Under general anesthesia, acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), SI25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by NV. Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hrs after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results : The expression of c-Fos protein in L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hrs after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal group. NV herbal acupuncture also inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol but not L6 s.c., LC, and PAG. NV to ST36 inhibited significantly the c-Fos expression in Sol and PAG. NV to ST25 inhibited the c-Fos protein expression all over the observation area. NV to BL25 showed the inhibitory effects in the areas except LC. Whether or not a role of endogenous opioids, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30 ug / 30 ul) was applied before the 2nd herbal acupuncture treatment 24 hrs after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem under different conditions such as type of herbal acupuncture compound and choice of acupoint. Conclusions : In summary, these data show that herbal acupuncture of NV inhibits signal pathways such as spinal cord and brain stem ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis. This effect may be mediated by acupoints through the endogenous opioid system involving the pain modulation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

Introduction : The aim of the study is to investigate the suppressive action of electroacupuncture on cold alloynia development in the rat model of neuopathic pain. Methods : To produce neuropathic pain, the right superior caudal trunk was resected $1{\sim}2\;mm$ between S1 and S2 spinal nerves. The rats were divided into control and four electroacupuncture groups: Two electroacupuncture groups were given 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture for 20 minutes everyday after the sacral nerve injury. Other two electroacupuncture groups were given 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture for 20 minutes just one session at one hour after the sacral nerve injury. The right point of Joksamni (ST36) was applied for electroacupuncture. The control group was induced neuropathic pain without electroacupuncture. The cold allodynia was assessed by immersing the tail in $4^{\circ}C$ water. The latency to an abrupt tail movement after rat tail immersion was measured with a cut-off time of 15 sec at 4th, 7th and 14th day after the sacral nerve injury. Results : The results were as follows; 1. At 4th experimental day, there were no significant differences between 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups and the control group. 2. At 7th experimental day, everyday 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups showed significant differences compared with the control group. But There were no significant differences between 2 Hz and 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups. 3. At 14th experimental day, everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group showed significant differences compared with the control group. But everyday 100 Hz electroacupuncture group showed no significant difference compared with the control group and everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group. 4. There were no significant differences between the control and 2 Hz or 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups which were done just one session at one hour after the surgery. 5. Everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture group showed significant differences in the one session of the 100 Hz electroacupuncture group. Conclusion : Everyday 2 Hz electroacupuncture exerts a suppressive action on cold allodynia development in the rat model of neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.227-241
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• 2005

세신약쇄(細辛藥鎖)이 Collagen-induced arthritis에 미치는 영향(影響)을 DBA/1J mouse를 이용한 실험(實驗)을 통하여 관찰(觀察)한 결과(結果), 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 세포독성(細胞毒性) 측정(測定) 및 TNF-${\alpha}$ 발현(發現) 억제효과(抑制效果) 1) 세신약침액(細辛藥鍼液) 1%의 농도(濃度)에서 가장 높은 세포생존률(細胞生存率)이 관찰(觀察)되었다. 2) 세행약침액(細幸藥鍼液) 1%의 농도(濃度)에서 TNF-${\alpha}$가 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 2. 관식염(關飾炎) 발병률(發病率)과 비장(脾臟)의 무게 관찰(觀察) 1) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) II군에(群)서 관절염(關節炎) 발병률(發病率)이 현저하게 감소(減少)하였다. 2) 세신약침(細辛藥鍼) I군과(群) 세졸약침(細卒藥鍼) II군의(群) 비장(脾臟) 무게가 대조체(對照諦)에 비하여 감소(減少)하였다. 3. 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 각종 싸이토카인, 면역 글로불린 및 Anti-collagen II에 미치는 영향(影響) 1) 혈청(血淸)내 IL-6, LNF-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$는 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 2) IgG, IgM은 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다. 3) Anti-collagen II는 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의성(有意性)있게 감소(減少)하였다 4. 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 관절(關節)의 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향(影響) 1) Hematoxylin and eosin stain에서 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군이(群) 연골(軟骨)의 파괴(破壞)와 활막(滑膜)의 증식(增殖)이 감소(減少)되고 정상군(正常群)에 류사(類似)한 구조(構造)로 회부(回復)되었다. 2) Masson's Tricho me stain에서 세행약침(細幸藥鍼) I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군의(群) 교원질섬유가 정상군(正常群)과 같이 유지(維持)되었다. 5. 세신약침(細辛藥鍼)이 면역세포(免疫細胞)의 발현(發現)에 미치는 영향(影響) 1) 림파절내(淋巴節內) 4CD3e^+$ 세포(細胞)와 $CDl9^+$ 세포(細胞)의 비율(比率), $CD4^+$ 세포(細胞)와 $CD8^+$ 세포(細胞)의 비율(比率)은 細幸藥鍼I군과(細幸藥鍼I群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 Control군에(群) 비하여 정상군(正常群)과 유사(類似)한 비율(比率)이 유지(維持)되었다. 2) 임파절내(淋巴節內) $CD69^+/CD3e^+$ 세포(細胞)와 $CDlla^+/CDl9^+$ 세포(細胞)는 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 감소(減少)하였다. 3) 관절내(關節內) $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ 세포(細胞)는 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)I군과(群) 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군에(群)서 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 감소(減少)하였다. 이상(以上)의 모든 결과(結果)에 있어서, 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)II군보(群)다 예방(豫防)과 치료(治療)를 겸(兼)한 세행약침(細幸藥鍼)I군이(群) 싸이토카인 및 항체(沆體)의 감소(減少)와 면역세포(免疫細胞)의 발현(發現) 억제(抑制)에 있어서 탁월한 효과(效果)를 나타내었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1186-1197
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• 2022

Objectives: A case study about the effectiveness of integrative Korean medicine treatment in a psychogenic tremor patient. Case presentation: A 36-year-old male diagnosed with psychogenic tremor with low back pain underwent 29 days of inpatient treatment and 4 weeks of outpatient treatment. His pattern identification was a psychogenic tremor of the weakness of the heart and gall bladder (SimDamHeoGup) type. The treatments were herbal medicine and acupuncture. He took Cheongshimondam-tang for 29 days and Chunwangbosim-dan for 6 weeks when he had symptoms. He also received acupuncture for 20 minutes twice a day at GB20 (Pungji), L14 (Hapgok), HT4 (Yeongdo), PC6 (Naegwan), HT7 (Sinmun), GB34 (Yangleungcheon), ST36 (Joksamni), SP6 (Sameumgyo), and LR3 (Taechung). After 8 weeks of treatment, the Fahn Tolosa Marin rating (FTM) scale of his tremor, at rest, dropped from Grade 4 on both upper extremities, trunk, and both lower extremities at the time of admission to Grade 2 in both upper extremities and trunk, and Grade 0 in both lower extremities at the time of discharge. His Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) score decreased from 38 to 7, and his numerical rating scale (NRS) decreased from 8 to 1 for low back pain and from 9 to 2 for tremor. A follow-up visit to the hospital 2 months after the end of treatment confirmed continued symptom improvements and no significant side effects. Conclusions: This study suggests the possibility of treating psychogenic tremor using only Korean medicine treatments. Further studies with control groups and long-term follow-up are needed.