• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-76
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• 1991

The study was designed to analyse the reorganization of the rabbit TMJ meniscus which was anteriorly displaced by surgery. The author compared the anteriorly displaced groups with control group. After surgical opening of the left rabbit TMJ space, cut the posterior attachment of the meniscus, and pushed it under the undercut area of the condyle head. Experimental groups were sacrificed by 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after surgery. The samples were analysed with light microscope under T-B stain and electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1) The rabbit TMJ meniscus consisted of thick anterior and posterior band running different way, and comparative thin intermediate band runining antero-posteriorly. 2) Round oval shape chondrocyte-like cells were imbeded between the collagen fiber bundles and composed of proteoglycan granules, that showed metachromasia with toluidine blue, around the cell matrix. 3) Type II collagen fiber bundles in experimental group occured degenerative changes in organic patterns at 8 weeks, but those of type I collagen fiber bundles sustained longer, 4) The typical fibrocartilage of the rabbit TMJ meniscus was changed into fibrotic mode in process of time and showed the degenerative changes, which contained hyperplasia, calcification, resorption and hyalinization in the connective tissue. 5) The hyperplastic change of the synovial membrane in 4 week group and transitional change from fibrocyte to chondrocyte in cell type in 8 week group were observed. 6) The diameters of collagen fibers were diminished with the degenerative changes, the shape of the fibers became wavier and more nonorganic in running pattern and fiber bundle spaces widened.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.2058-2074
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• 2017

Dense Heterogeneous Cellular Networks(HCNs) offer a promising approach to meet the target of 1000x increase in aggregate data rates in 5G wireless communication systems. However how to best utilize the available radio resources at densely deployed small cells remains an open problem as those small cells are typically unplanned. In this paper we focus on balancing loads across macro cells and small cells by offloading users to small cells, as well as dynamically switching off underutilized small cells. We propose a joint user association and base station(BS) sleep mangement(UA-BSM) scheme that proactively offloads users to a fraction of the densely deployed small cells. We propose a heuristic algorithm that iteratively solves the user association problem and puts BSs with low loads into sleep. An interference relation matrix(IRM) is constructed to help us identify the candidate BSs that can be put into sleep. User associations are then aggregated to selected small cells that remain active. Simulation results show that our proposed approach achieves load balancing across macro and small cells and reduces the number of active BSs. Numerical results show user signal to interference ratio(SINR) can be improved by small cell sleep control.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1986

강(鋼) 격자항(格子桁)의 탄소성(彈塑性) 해석(解析)을 수행(遂行)할 수 있는 수치해석(數値解析) 방법을 제시하였다. 격자항(格子桁)의 각(各) 구성부재(構成部材)가 이상적(理想的) 탄소성(彈塑性) 성질(性質)을 갖는다고 가정하였는데 이 문제를 각(各) 구성부재(構成部材)의 양단(兩端)에 휨스프링과 비틂스프링을 부착(附着)한 모델을 고안(考案)해 냄으로써 해결(解決)하였다. 이 개념에 의거하여 격자항(格子桁)이 탄성상태(彈性狀態)에서 소성붕괴(塑性崩壞)에 이르기 까지의 거동(擧動)을 해석(解析)할 수 있는 프로그램 EPAG(Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Grillages)를 개발(開發)하였다. 이 해석방법(解析方法)의 특성(特性)은 하중(荷重)을 한꺼번에 가(加)할 수 있고, 격자항(格子桁)을 이루는 부재(部材)들의 배치가 규칙적(規則的)이 아니라도 적용이 가능하다. 또한 제하(除荷)(unloading)를 고려할 수 있으며 소성활절(塑性滑節)이 1개씩 형성될 때마다 가해진 하중(荷重), 부재단력(部材端力) 및 변위(變位) 등(等)을 구할 수 있다는 장점(長點)을 지니고 있다. 또한 기존의 논문이나 단행본(單行本)에 있는 예제(例題)들을 본(本) 프로그램으로 해석(解析)한 후 그 결과가 본(本) 프로그램으로 해석한 결과와 잘 일치한다는 것으로써 본(本) 이론(理論)의 정당성(正當性)과 정확성(精確性)을 확인하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.109-112
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• 2011

Purpose: Neurofibromas may present as multiple or solitary lesions. Although there is no predilection site for solitary lesions, they are rare on the hand. In addition, solitary intramuscular neurofibromas are a very rare pathological type. Here, we report a rare solitary intramuscular neurofibroma in the hand. This paper examines the clinical characteristics of intramuscular neurofibroma arising from the lumbricalis in order to enable a correct diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A 32-year-old male presented with a painless mass on the palm. The physical examination revealed a $3{\times}2$ cm protruding mass that was non-tender to palpation. The vascular and sensory examinations were unremarkable, while the motor examination showed mild difficulty with flexion and extension. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an enhancing solid mass between the thenar eminence and second metacarpophalangeal joint. The diagnosis of an intramuscular neurofibroma was confirmed following surgical excision and histological evaluation. Results: The pathological examination was consistent with a neurofibroma, with delicate fascicles and loose fusiform cells in a fibrous stroma, with oval or spindle-shaped nuclei and scant cytoplasm. The background matrix was pale staining and had focal myxoid stroma. There was no significant nuclear pleomorphism and no mitoses. Immunohistochemistry with S-100 was slightly positive. At the 6-month follow-up, motor and sensory function were intact and the range of motion was full. Conclusion: A neurofibroma is a rare tumor of the hand, especially the intramuscular type. Hand surgeons should consider the diagnosis of this tumor based on the examination and imaging.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공간정보시스템학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 제1권1호(통권1호)
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• pp.75-82
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• 2004

Many researcher's efforts have made a significant advancement of space frame structure with various portion, and it becomes the most outsanding one of space structures. However, with the characteristics of thin and long term of spacing, the unstable behavior of space structure is shown by initial imperfection, erection procedure or joint, especially space frame structure represents more. This kind of unstable problem could not be set up clearly and there is a huge difference between theory and experiment. Moreover, the discrete structure such as space frame has more complex solution, this it is not easy to derive the formulation of design about space structure. In this space frame structure, the character of rise-span ratio or load mode is represented by the instability of space frame structure with initial imperfection, and snap-through or bifurcation might be the main phenomenon. Therefore, in this study, space frame structure which has a lot of aesthetic effect and profitable for large space covering single layer is dealt. And because that the unstable behavior due to variation of inner force resistance in the elastic range is very important collapse mechanism, I would like to investigate unstable character as a nonlinear behavior with a geometric nonlinear. In order to study the instability. I derive tangent stiffness matrix using finite element method and with displacement incremental method perform nonlinear analysis of unit space structure, star dome and 3-ring star dome considering rise-span $ratio(\mu}$ and load $ratio(R_L)$ for analyzing unstable phenomenon.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2014

Mortar is a masonry product which is matrix of concrete. It consists of binder and fine aggregate and moreover, it is an essential associate in any reinforced structural construction. The strength of mortar is a special concern to the engineer because mortar is responsible to give protection in the outer part of the structure as well as at a brick joint in masonry wall system. The purpose of this research is to investigate the compressive strength and tensile strength of mortar, which are important mechanical properties, by replacing the cement and sand by stone dust. Moreover, to minimize the increasing demand of cement and sand, checking of appropriateness of stone dust as a construction material is necessary to ensure both solid waste minimization and recovery by exchanging stone dust with cement and sand. Stone dust passing by No. 200 sieve, is used as cement replacing material and retained by No. 100 sieve is used for sand replacement. Sand was replaced by stone dust of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45% and 50% by weight of sand while cement was replaced by stone dust of 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight of cement. Test result indicates that, compressive strength of specimen mix with 35% of sand replacing stone dust and 3% of cement replacing stone dust increases 21.33% and 22.76% respectively than the normal mortar specimen at 7 and 28 days while for tensile it increases up to 13.47%. At the end, optimum dose was selected and crack analysis as well as discussion also included.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2007

Background & Objective : Uncaria rhynchophylla is traditional medicine herb used for enhancing body resistance against various diseases. The aim of this study was to identify if Uncaria rhynchophylla extracts induce osteogenic activity in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Methods : The osteogenic activity of Uncaria rhynchophylla was evaluated on cell proliferation assay by WST-8, and osteoblast-specific genes, such as VEGF, type I collagen (Col I), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) by RT-PCR analysis and ELISA assay in osteoblasts-like SaOS-2 cells. Bone mineralization was stained with Alizalin red method. Results : Uncaria rhynchophylla had significantly increased cell proliferation at a dose dependent manner in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Uncaria rhynchophylla markedly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression at 7 days and dose dependently increased ALP activity and VEGF secretion in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Also, Uncaria rhynchophylla time-dependently increased type I collagen (Col I), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA in SaOS-2 cells. Extracellular accumulation of proteins such as Col I and OCN was maximal increased by Uncaria rhynchophylla at 10 ${\mu}g/ml$. Also, Uncaria rhynchophylla significantly induced mineralization in the culture of SaOS-2 cells. Conclusion : This study showed that Uncaria rhynchophylla had enhanced proliferation, ALP activity, VEGF, bone matrix proteins such as OCN, OPN, and Col I, and mineralization in SaOS-2 cells. These results propose that Uncaria rhynchophylla can play an important role in osteoblastic bone formation, osteogenesis, and may possibly lead to the development of bone-forming drugs.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권1C호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2003

In this paper, a new opto-digital multiple information hiding and real-time extracting system is implemented. That is, multiple information is hidden in a cover image by using the stego keys which are generated by combined use of random sequence(RS) and Hadamard matrix(HM) and these hidden information is extracted in real-time by using a new optical correlator-based extraction system. In the experiment, 3 kinds of information, English alphabet of "N", "R", "L" having 512$\times$512 pixels, are formulated 8$\times$8 blocks and each of these information is multiplied with the corresponding stego keys having 64$\times$64 pixels one by one. And then, by adding these modulated data to a cover image of "Lena"having 512$\times$512 pixels, a stego image is finally generated. In this paper, as an extraction system, a new optical nonlinear joint transform correlator(NJTC) is introduced to extract the hidden data from a stego image in real-time, in which optical correlation between the stego image and each of the stego keys is performed and from these correlation outputs the hidden data can be asily exacted in real-time. Especially, it is found that the SNRs of the correlation outputs in the proposed optical NJTC-based extraction system has been improved to 7㏈ on average by comparison with those of the conventional JTC system under the condition of having a nonlinear parameter less than k=0.4. This good experimental results might suggest a possibility of implementation of an opto-digital multiple information hiding and real-time extracting system.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2013

This study investigates the effect of supercritical fluid extract (CMPB803-C) of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, shikonin and acetylshikonin isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon on IL-$1{\beta}$-induced chondrocytes and monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis in rat. Shikonin ($50{\mu}m$) and acetylshikonin ($3{\mu}M$) treatment reduced significantly the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and -13 in IL-$1{\beta}$-induced SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells. The chondro-protective effects of CMPB803-C and acetylshikonin were than analyzed in a rat OA model using a single intra-articular injection of MIA (1mg) in the right knee joint. CMPB803-C (200mg/kg) or acetylshikonin (5mg/kg) was orally administered daily for two weeks starting after 1 week of MIA injection. In the histological observation, CMPB803-C and acetylshikonin clearly improved OA lesions being comparable to or better that control group. Our results demonstrated that CMPB803-C and acetylshikonin as active compound of Lithospermum erythrorhizon have a strong chondro-protective effect in OA rats, which likely attributes to its anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of MMPs production.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.638-644
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• 2020

Lilium lancifolium (LL) is widely cultivated in East Asia and used to attenuate airway diseases. Our current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of LL on pain level and inflammatory response in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). We first examined the effect of LL on inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in IL-1β-treated HTB-94 cells. The LL extract was found to significantly inhibit the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE-2) in Interleukin-1 β (IL-1β)-stimulated HTB-94 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, chronic oral administration of LL effectively restored the weight-bearing distribution in the rat model of MIA-induced OA. In addition, administration of LL inhibited inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, leukotriene B4 (LTB-4), PGE-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Our findings collectively suggested LL as one of the potential therapeutic agents for OA, owing to its properties of reducing pain and inflammatory responses.