• 턱관절균형의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-3
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• 2019

Objectives: "Exploring the origin of acupuncture medicine (針灸逢源)", a classical title of acupuncture medicine in the 19th century, has been reviewed with focus on its impact on the standardization of acupoint in the history of acupuncture medicine as an approach of yin-yang balancing medicine like the Temporomandibular joint Balancing Medicine. Methods: A narrative review of literature was performed with a focus on continuous development and revision of the knowledge system of acupuncture medicine in medical education and clinical application. Results: This title has provided a systematized knowledge on acupoint-acupuncutre including 361 acupoints, acupoint location, and acupoint-meridian association, which was adopted as a frame of core knowledge in modern acupuncture medicine. Critical review and rational reasoning on previously accepted but apparently incongruous strips of knowledge led to the accomplishment of this title. Conclusions: This title provided a revised and standard knowledge system in the field of medical education and clinical practice of acupuncture medicine, and also provided an exemplary model of unrelenting change and development of an approach based on the concept of yin-yang balance such as acupuncture medicine and the Temporomandibular joint Balancing Medicine.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.3-3
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• 2011

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Kra-Araks Basin (KAB) became an international river basin with respect to the South Caucasus states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. However, there are no agreements regarding water allocation, water quality, or ecosystem maintenance among the aforementioned riparians. The main water problems in the basin include not only water quantity and quality, but also the lack of joint management. The aforementioned countries share many similar circumstances: location in a politically unstable but strategic region bureaucratic and structural issues; and more importantly, ongoing ethnic and related conflicts. Despite these obstacles, the countries recognize that they depend greatly on the basin, whose waters they must share. To that end, they proposed and participated in the joint NATO-OSCE South Caucasus River Monitoring (SCRMP) project between 2002 and 2009.The SCRMP sought to investigate and characterize the surface water quality in the KAB by providing equipment and training to all three countries. Several years' worth of water quality data were collected in the KAB: major ions; heavy metals; POPs (persistent organic pollutants); and radionuclides; The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (primary funder) and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europesupported the SCRMP not only to build capacity but also to promote cooperation and minimize conflict over water and other resources, thus providing a measure of security for Europe and other regions. The South Caucasus is a strategically-important region, functioning as a bridge between Asia and Europe. Energy-rich Azerbaijan seeks to become a key player in trade by serving as a transportation and energy hub between the energy and mineral-rich Central Asian KUT countries (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan) and Western Asia, Europe, and other areas. The presentation will summarize the scientific results of the SCRMP, elucidate the regional water-energy-security nexus, discuss future work in the region, and explain why the world needs to be concerned about the KAB and the entire South Caucasus.

• 대한견주관절학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한견주관절학회 2009년도 제17차 학술대회
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• pp.44-44
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate humeral translation relative to the glenoid invivo during loaded and unloaded shoulder abduction. CT scans of 9 healthy shoulders were acquired and 3D models were created. The subject was positioned in front of a fluoroscope and motions were recorded during active abduction. The subjects performed two trials of holding a 3kg weight and unload. 3D motions were determined using model-based 3D-to-2D registration to obtain 6 degrees of freedom kinematics. Glenohumeral translation was determined by finding the location on the humeral head with the smallest separation from the glenoid. Humeral translation was referenced to the glenoid center in the superior/inferior direction. The humerus moved an average of 2 mm, from inferior to central on the glenoid, during arm abduction for both conditions. The humeral head was centered within 1mm from the glenoid center above $70^{\circ}$. There were no statistically significant differences for both conditions. The standard deviation decreased gradually over the motion, with significantly lower variability at the end of abduction compared to the initial unloaded position. We assumed that the humeral translation to the center of the glenoid provides maximum joint congruency for optimal shoulder function and joint longevity. We believe this information will lead to better strategies to prevent shoulder injuries, enhance rehabilitation, and improve surgical treatments.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

There are many methods to reduce the weight and the cost of the automobile body, among them, Tailor Welded Blank (TWB) is new welding method applied to body structure. It is necessary to evaluate mechanical properties of TWB structures or sheets for the application to automobile body parts. In this study, the stiffness of T-type and L-type joint structures, composite of TWB panel, which simplified two portions of side structure in automobile body were investigated. Additionally, the fatigue properties of TWB panels were obtained. Two types of welding technologies, laser and mash seam welding, were used to join mild panels with different thickness. This results are compared with conventional structures. The results are as follows: 1) The stiffness of joint structures, composite of TWB panel, is approximately 17% higher than that of conventional ones. 2) The location of welding line in TWB had a effect on the in plane bending stiffness, but not on the out of plane bending stiffness. 3) In terms of welding technology type, the mash seam welding show higher stiffness than the laser welding for in plane bending stiffness. But minimal differences in both types are revealed for out of plane bending stiffness. 4) The fatigue strength, composite of TWB panel, is lower than that of base steel. It is thought that defects in the welding zone had the action of notch in the fatigue test.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Objectives : Weights and measures (度量衡) in Korean traditional medicine have been changed in many dynasties and countries. Thus, measurements of chon (寸) and cheok (尺) have been considered as symbolical meaning in recent studies on meridians and acupoints. The present study was made to settle up standard measurement by surveying length of each parts of upper limb as follows. Methods : To calculate length of 1 chon (寸), the length of each part was divided into the numbers of chon (寸) as shwon in ${\ll}$Goldo Hwangjenaegyeong-yeongchu (靈樞 骨度篇)${\gg}$; the chon (寸) length in ${\ll}$Goldo Hwangjenaegyeong-yeongchu (靈樞 骨度篇)${\gg}$ was compared with the chon (寸) length which is calculated by dividing human average hight into 75 chon. Results : Increment of length of 1 chon (寸) did not change as increment of height in subjects. Length of 1 chon (寸) in height is representative of length of 1 chon (寸) in each parts of upper limb. Conclusions : We suggest that most suitable length of 1 chon (寸)for the standard measurement of acupoint location is 2.20 ${\pm}$ 0.17 cm based on length of elbow joint to wrist joint.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2003

프리캐스트 보-기둥 연결부에는 기둥 주근과 보의 정착철근, 연결부를 위한 띠철근 등으로 매우 복잡한 배근상태로 철근 배근과 콘크리트의 타설 및 다짐이 용이하지 않다. 특히 보의 갈고리는 띠철근 또는 주근과의 마주침이 흔히 발생하는 철근으로, 외곽기둥의 경우 충분한 정착길이를 확보하기가 더욱 난해할 때가 있다. 본 연구에서는 헤드철근을 적용한 보-기둥 연결부를 위하여 두 개의 프리캐스트 기둥과 하나의 프리캐스트 보를 연결한 4개의 실험체를 제작하여, 보-기둥접합부와 기둥-기둥접합부에 대한 반복하중실험으로 강도와 그 이력거동을 평가하여 보았다. 실험 결과 강주 약보 실험체들은 갈고리철근과 유사한 거동을 보였다. 국내에서 주로 적용되는 스플라이스 기둥 접합은 강주 약보의 기둥에서는 충분한 내력을 발휘하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.179-194
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• 2017

쉴드터널의 세그먼트 라이닝 단면 설계는 일반적으로 빔-스프링 모델을 사용하여 이루어지며, 산정되는 단면력은 모델구성요소인 작용하중, 지반반력계수, 세그먼트 조인트 위치 및 강성 등의 영향을 받는다. 국내 쉴드터널 세그먼트라이닝의 설계는 해외에서 사용되고 있는 구조해석 모델과 이음부 강성을 주로 이용하고 있으며, 기존 설계에서 사용하고 있는 구조해석 모델이나 조인트 강성을 적합여부 검토 없이 관행적으로 사용해오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 쉴드터널 세그먼트 라이닝의 부재력을 산정하기 위해 필요한 지반반력계수, 모델링 방법 등 빔-스프링 모델의 기본 구성요소들에 대한 비교 검토를 통하여 세그먼트 라이닝 설계법을 구성하는 기본 요소들의 적용방법을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1511-1519
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• 2014

The objective of this paper is to propose a modelling of a small compressed air energy storage system, which drives an induction generator based on a field-oriented control (FOC) principle for a renewable power generation. The proposed system is a hybrid technology of energy storage and electrification, which is developed to use as a small scale of renewable energy power plant. The energy will be transferred from the renewable energy resource to the compressed air energy by reciprocating air compressor to be stored in a pressurized vessel. The energy storage system uses a small compressed air energy storage system, developed as a small unit and installed above ground to avoid site limitation as same as the conventional CAES does. Therefore, it is suitable to be placed at any location. The system is operated in low pressure not more than 15 bar, so, it easy to available component in country and inexpensive. The power generation uses a variable speed induction generator (IG). The relationship of pressure and air flow of the compressed air, which varies continuously during the discharge of compressed air to drive the generator, is considered as a control command. As a result, the generator generates power in wide speed range. Unlike the conventional CAES that used gas turbine, this system does not have any combustion units. Thus, the system does not burn fuel and exhaust pollution. This paper expresses the modelling, thermodynamic analysis simulation and experiment to obtain the characteristic and performance of a new concept of a small compressed air energy storage power plant, which can be helpful in system designing of renewable energy electrification. The system was tested under a range of expansion pressure ratios in order to determine its characteristics and performance. The efficiency of expansion air of 49.34% is calculated, while the efficiency of generator of 60.85% is examined. The overall efficiency of system of approximately 30% is also investigated.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.83-97
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• 2012

무등산의 서석대~장불재 사면은 $70{\sim}90^{\circ}$의 단애와 $5^{\circ}$ 내외의 완경사지가 계단과 같은 형태로 반복적으로 나타나고 있다. 이들의 생성 발달 환경을 연구한 결과, 주빙하성 평활사면은 주로 남서쪽을 향하고 있으며, 이는 암괴의 수직 수평절리가 주빙하 기후환경 아래에서 동결융해의 반복에 의해 전도된 것으로 판단된다. 주상절리 하단의 평탄면은 구조벤치의 형태를 보인다. 평탄면 매트릭스의 이동영력은 솔리플럭션 또는 젤리플럭션이다. 장불재 일대의 사면의 연대측정결과 입석대 상부는 11만년 전부터 지표에 노출된 상태로 현재에 이르고 있다. 입석대 하부의 암괴는 약 1만년 전에, 장불재는 약 5만년에 지표면 부근에 노출되었으며, 노출이후 단애에서 떨어지고 현재 위치에 사면 이동하였을 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 암괴의 이동과정은 주빙하 기후의 영향으로 단애가 동결융해를 지속적으로 받아 평행후퇴하였고, 과거 1만년 가까운 시기에 현재 입석대에까지 영향을 주었던 것으로 예상된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.2949-2957
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• 2020

Fatigue crack growth model has been developed for dissimilar metal weld joints of a piping component under cyclic loading, where in the crack is located at the center of the weld in the circumferential direction. The fracture parameter, Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) has been computed by using principle of superposition as K_H + K_M. K_H is evaluated by assuming that, the complete specimen is made of the material containing the notch location. In second stage, the stress field ahead of the crack tip, accounting for the strength mismatch, the applied load and geometry has been characterized to evaluate SIF (K_M). For each incremental crack depth, stress field ahead of the crack tip has been quantified by using J-integral (elastic), mismatch ratio, plastic interaction factor and stress parallel to the crack surface. The associated constants for evaluation of K_M have been computed by using the quantified stress field with respect to the distance from the crack tip. Net SIF (K_H + K_M) computed, has been used for the crack growth analysis and remaining life prediction by Paris crack growth model. To validate the model, SIF and remaining life has been predicted for a pipe made up of (i) SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless steel and SA508 Gr. 3 Cl. 1. Low alloy carbon steel (ii) welded SA312 Type 304LN austenitic stainless-steel pipe. From the studies, it is observed that the model could predict the remaining life of DMWJ piping components with a maximum difference of 15% compared to experimental observations.