• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1693-1697
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• 2012

Objective: To explore the effect on radiosensitivity of arsenic trioxide ($As_20_3$) in conjunction with hyperthermia on the esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cell line. Method: Inhibition of EC-1 cell proliferation at different concentrations of $As_20_3$ was assessed using the methyl thiazolyl blue colorimetric method (MTT method), with calculation of $IC_{50}$ value and choice of 20% of the $IC_{50}$ as the experimental drug concentration. Blank control, $As_20_3$, hyperthermia, radiotherapy group, $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia, $As_20_3$ + radiotherapy, hyperthermia + radiotherapy and $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy groups were established, and the cell survival fraction (SF) was calculated from flat panel colony forming analysis, and fitted by the 'multitarget click mathematical model'. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes in cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. Results: $As_20_3$ exerted inhibitory effects on proliferation of esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with an $IC_{50}$ of 18.7 ${\mu}mol/L$. After joint therapy of $As_20_3$ + hyperthermia + radiotherapy, the results of FCM showed that cells could be arrested in the $G_2$/M phase, and as the ratio of cells in $G_0/G_1$ and S phases decreased, cell death became more pronounced. Conclusion: $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia exert radiosensitivity effects on esophageal carcinoma EC-1 cells, with synergy in combination. Mechanistically, $As_20_3$ and hyperthermia mainly influence the cell cycle distribution of EC-1 esophageal carcinoma cells, decreasing the repair of sublethal damage and inducing apoptosis, thereby enhancing the killing effects of radioactive rays.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of upper extremity volume, pain, and range of motion after participation in thera-band exercises according to the hand grip type in patients with breast cancer with upper extremity edema. We also aimed to determine the most efficient type of grip. Methods : The subjects were 10 female patients diagnosed with stage 2 breast cancer who had stage 2 lymphedema. Randomly, 5 patients each were allocated to the experimental and control groups. For six weeks, the patients in both the experimental and control groups exercised daily. In both groups, manual lymph drainage was applied for 1 hour. Afterward, patients in the experimental group placed their hands in the thera-band ring and exercised with their fingers outstretched. Patients in the control group exercised while holding the thera-band ring with a finger. Both the experimental group and the control group underwent measurements of the circumference of the upper extremity, pain, and range of motion of the shoulder joint at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 6 before and after exercise. Results : The upper arm circumference decreased by more in the experimental group in all weeks than before than that in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference at 6 weeks. Compared with the difference between pre-exercise and 6 weeks post-exercise, the change in pain significantly decreased in the experimental group and showed a statistically significant difference. The shoulder range of motion increased in extension, external rotation, and internal rotation compared with that in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference. Although the operating range increased in flexion and abduction, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion : In this study, we found that thera-band exercises with an open-hand grip are more efficient than thera-band exercises with a closed-hand grip in edema reduction, pain, and range of motion. In addition, it was found that it was more effective to continue the thera-band exercises with open-hand grip extended for at least 6 weeks rather than for a short time.

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경농학회 2009년도 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
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• pp.3-18
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• 2009

It is difficult for consumers to satisfy high safety request with post-management method such as inspection and surveillance, as various changes in-and-out of the country associated with food safety. In terms of food safety problems related to foods, it is crucial to recognize public health and consumer protection and construct pre-preventive Food Control System. A joint committee, FAO/WHO made the following consultations to the National Food Safety System. ${\circ}$ Approach entirely from farm to table ${\circ}$ Get ready for Risk Analysis System ${\circ}$ Secure transparency ${\circ}$ Establish the optimal policy by evaluating the effect of regulation When it comes to summarizing the consultation, it would be accumulated as two key words; "Efficiency" and "Credibility". Whereas the problem of efficiency focuses on precaution rather than post-management, it requires policy option to maximize consumer's benefit by evaluating the cost for the Food Safety Management and its benefit. Also, analyzing risk's character and amount, demanding an optimal means, and introducing scientific analysis system put much value on the stakeholder's communications are procedure's security which can satisfy both "Efficiency" and "Credibility" simultaneously. Especially, it is emphasized here that Risk Assessment need to be separated from Risk Management. This action is a valid means of credibility security throughout improving transparency. A number of nations and organizations have reformed the method of food management passing through reflection and examination of the prior National Food Safety Management since BSE occurred in Britain, 1996. FSA; Food Standard Agency, AFFSA, EFSA, BfR, and FSC are Risk Assessment Organization functionally separated from Risk Management Organization, JECFA, JMCFA, JMPR, JEMRA in Codex charge Risk Assessment internationally. In case of advanced countries excluding several those such as The U.S. and so forth, though these Risk Assessment Organizations are either separated functionally within Risk Management Organization or operated as apart organ, common factors are in which it has independence as Science Base. While securing independence of Risk Assessment Function, it is a tendency Risk Management should be functionally unified into efficiency as well. Though Germany constructs integral Risk Management System of diverse ways according to social and political conditions of each country such as GFOCP, DVFA, SNFA, CFIS and AQIS, there is a key word in the center, "Securing efficiency of Food Safety Management". However our nation has a representative plural；diversified system with The U.S., we took a step forward for unification as empowering policy's generalization；adjustment and Risk Assessment Function by means of enacting the "Food Safety Fundamental Law" in 2008 and establishing the "Food Safety Policy Commission" with private and governmental sectors in the Prime Minister's office. Even though the unification of Risk Management hereby increased, there is the lack of strengthening function of Risk Assessment and securing independence. It needs to be required for the professional committee in Food Safety Policy Commission to develop as a exclusive office of Risk Assessment by separating from a policy decision. Administrative Branches should reinforce feeble functions such as fundamental investigation；research for carrying out Risk Assessment with securing efficiency throughout reassessment of prior Risk Management Means.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 CSI 치료시 Standard Technique과 Simple Technique을 비교하여 조사야 접합부의 고선량(hot spot) 또는 저선량(cold spot)이 발생되는 부위의 체적을 분석하고 이에 따른 방사선 치료 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 연구 목적에 동의한 환자를 대상으로 CT Simulator를 이용하여 환자의 두개부에서 골반부 까지 영상을 획득하였다. Standard Technique 의 경우 조사야 접합부의 이동을 실시하며 Simple Technique은 접합부에서 조사야를 고정하여 치료계획을 수립 후 분석하였다. 분석결과 Standard Technique의 경우에는 조사야 접합부분에 대한 고선량(hot spot)의 영역이 발생 되었으며, Simple Technique은 Standard 기법 보다 선량이 균등하게 나타났다. Standard Technique 과 Simple Technique의 CI 지수는 각 1.6~3, 1.6~1.87, CN의 경우는 0.32~0.53, 0.46~0.51, HI는 0.11~0.33, 0.2~0.26의 분포를 나타났다. 즉, 인접 조사야가 접합하는 조사야 부분의 선량 분포는 Standard Technique에 비해 균등하게 나타났으며, CI, CN, HI 지수를 비교한 결과 Simple Technique에서 균등한 선량 분포가 나타나 CSI 치료에서 Simple Technique의 적용은 적합하다고 판단된다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects in the muscle function following 8-week dead-lift training with Whole-body Vibration(WBV) in rehabilitation for sports players. Method : Twenty young sports players. Each subjects were randomly assigned to a resistance training with Whole-body vibration group(TG, n=10), a resistance training without Whole-body vibration group(CG, N=10). The measurements which physical fitness test and joint torque test were performed before the randomization and after the 4-week and 8-week. The WBV group performed the dynamic Dead-lift exercise on a vibration platform during one minute. The CG group performed the equal training without vibration. The WBV and CON group repeated 5 set and trained two times weekly for 8-weeks. Paired t-test was used to test for differences between the groups at baseline and after 4-weeks and 8-Weeks. And independent t-test was used to test for differences between the groups at TG and CG. All analyses were executed using SPSS software 18.0. The level of significance was set at p<.050. Results : Following the 8-Weeks training sessions, an increase in the back-muscle strength was found to be greater for the TG compared with the CG group(p<.05). Muscle endurance was significantly decreased after training than before training only for the CG(p<.05). Isometric Hip/Lumber Extension/Flextion measurement was found to be significantly greater for the TG compared with the CG group(p<.05). The finding indicates that WBV effects as an efficient training stimulus to enhance muscle function by facilitating neural control trail. Following muscle activation in motor unit synchronization of the co-contraction of the muscles. Conclusion : The results imply that the WBV training may have enhanced muscle function in rehabilitation for sports players.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1993

석천미사질(石泉微砂質) 양토(壤土)에서 윤환형태(輪換形態) 및 작부체계(作付體系)에 따른 연차간(年次間) 토양질소(土壤窒素)의 무기화(無機化) 양상(樣相), 토양중(土壤中) 유기물(有機物) 및 인산(燐酸)의 변동(變動) 및 수도수량(水稻收量)과 무기성분(無機成分) 흡수량(吸收量)과의 관계를 검토(檢討)한 몇가지 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 긍온담수(恆溫湛水) 토양(土壤)에서 '90~'93년(年) 4년간(年間)의 4주(週) 및 10주(週)째의 질소무기화량(窒素無機化量)과 가급태(可給態) 질소함량(窒素含量)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)보다 매년윤환구(每年輪換區) 및 2연윤환구(年輪換區)에서, 대두구(大豆區)보다 감자-배추구(區)에서 많았다. 2. 토양(土壤)중 유기물함량(有機物含量) 및 유효인산(有效燐酸)의 연차간(年次間) 변동(變動)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)에서는 큰 변동이 없었으나 윤환구간(輪換區間)에서는 전전환구(田轉換區)>2연윤환구(年輪換區)>매년윤환구(每年輪換區)의 순(順)으로 감소되었으며 작물(作物)간에는 감자-배추구(區)보다 대두구(大豆區)에서 감소폭(減少幅)이 컸다. 3. 정조수량(正租收量)은 수도연작구(水稻連作區)에 비하여 감자-배추구(區) 및 대두구(大豆區)에서 3개년(個年) 동안 26~20%, 17~5%, 5~4% 증수(增收)되었는데 윤환년수(輪換年數)가 길수록 수량증수율(收量增收率)이 적었다. 4. 3년간(年間)('90~92년)의 수확기(收穫期) 수도(水稻) 식물체(植物體)중 모든 무기성분(無機成分) 흡수량(吸收量)은 수도(水稻) 연작구(連作區)보다 매년(每年) 윤환구(輪換區) 및 2년윤환구(年輪換區)에서, 대두구(大豆區)보다 감자-배추구(區)에서 흡수량(吸收量)이 현저히 증가되었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2002

n-3 불포화지방산이 관절염의 발생 및 경과에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 Louvain종 흰쥐를 사용하여, 실험군을 정상군과 면역유도 (콜라겐+incomplete Freund's adjuvant)군으로 나누었고, 면역유도군은 다시 대조군 (정상식이) 및 n-3 다불포화지방산군 (식이에 5% n-3 다불포화지방산 함유) 으로 구분하여, 관절염 유도 1 주일전부터 n-3 다불포화지방산이 함유된 식이를 섭취시켰으며 관절염의 발생여부를 x-ray 소견과 광학현미경적 관찰을 통하여 확인하였다. 면역유도 5 주에 대조군의 38%에서 x-ray 소견상 족부종과 광학현미경상 염증소견이 발견되었으나 n-3 다불포화군에서는 이러한 변화가 없었다. 혈당과 혈장 인슐린은 면역유도나 n-3 다불포화지방산 투여에 의한 변화가 없었으나 혈장 중성지방과 콜레스테롤은 n-3 다불포화지방산투여에 의하여 감소하였다. n-3 다불포화지방산의 투여가 콜라젠에 의한 관절염의 발생을 예방 또는 치료할 수 있을 것으로 생각되며 이의 작용기전을 설명하기 위하여 후속 연구가 요망된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.285-294
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• 2011

The abatement of methane emission from ruminants is an important global issue due to its contribution to greenhouse gas with carbon dioxide. Methane is generated in the rumen by methanogens (archaea) that utilize metabolic hydrogen ($H_2$) to reduce carbon dioxide, and is a significant electron sink in the rumen ecosystem. Therefore, the competition for hydrogen used for methanogenesis with alternative reductions of rumen microbes should be an effective option to reduce rumen methanogenesis. Some methanogens parasitically survive on the surface of ciliate protozoa, so that defaunation or decrease in protozoa number might contribute to abate methanogenesis. The most important issue for mitigation of rumen methanogenesis with manipulators is to secure safety for animals and their products and the environment. In this respect, prophylactic effects of probiotics, prebiotics and miscellaneous compounds to mitigate rumen methanogenesis have been developed instead of antibiotics, ionophores such as monensin, and lasalocid in Japan. Nitrate suppresses rumen methanogenesis by its reducing reaction in the rumen. However, excess intake of nitrate causes intoxication due to nitrite accumulation, which induces methemoglobinemia. The nitrite accumulation is attributed to a relatively higher rate of nitrate reduction to nitrite than nitrite to ammonia via nitroxyl and hydroxylamine. The in vitro and in vivo trials have been conducted to clarify the prophylactic effects of L-cysteine, some strains of lactic acid bacteria and yeast and/or ${\beta}$1-4 galactooligosaccharide on nitrate-nitrite intoxication and methanogenesis. The administration of nitrate with ${\beta}$1-4 galacto-oligosaccharide, Candida kefyr, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were suggested to possibly control rumen methanogenesis and prevent nitrite formation in the rumen. For prebiotics, nisin which is a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis has been demonstrated to abate rumen methanogenesis in the same manner as monensin. A protein resistant anti-microbe (PRA) has been isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum as a manipulator to mitigate rumen methanogenesis. Recently, hydrogen peroxide was identified as a part of the manipulating effect of PRA on rumen methanogenesis. The suppressing effects of secondary metabolites from plants such as saponin and tannin on rumen methanogenesis have been examined. Especially, yucca schidigera extract, sarsaponin (steroidal glycosides), can suppress rumen methanogenesis thereby improving protein utilization efficiency. The cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), or cashew shell oil, which is a natural resin found in the honeycomb structure of the cashew nutshell has been found to mitigate rumen methanogenesis. In an attempt to seek manipulators in the section on methane belching from ruminants, the arrangement of an inventory of mitigation technologies available for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) in the Kyoto mechanism has been advancing to target ruminant livestock in Asian and Pacific regions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2311-2314
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• 2012

Genetic polymorphisms of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases 1A6 (UGT1A6) and 1A7 (UGT1A7) may lead to genetic instability and colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. Our objective was to measure the interaction between polymorphisms of these repair genes and tobacco smoking in colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 68 individuals with CRC and 112 non-cancer controls were divided into non-smoker and smoker groups according to pack-years of smoking. Genetic polymorphisms of UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 were examined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). We found a weak association of UGT1A6 polymorphisms with CRC risk (crude odds ratio [OR], 1.65;95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.9-3.1, P=0.107; adjusted OR 1.95%, 95% CI 1.0-3.8, P=0.051). The ORs for the UGT1A7 polymorphisms were statistically significant (crude OR: 26.40, 95% CI: 3.5-198.4, P=0.001; adjusted OR: 21.52, 95% CI: 2.8-164.1, P=0.003). The joint effect of tobacco exposure and UGTIA6 polymorphisms was significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk in non-smokers (crude OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 0.9-5.0, P=0.092; adjusted OR 2.63, 95% CI, 1.0-6.7, P=0.042). In conclusion, our findings suggest that UGT1A6 and UGT1A7 gene polymorphisms are associated with CRC risk in the Japanese population. In particualr, UGT1A6 polymorphisms may strongly increase CRC risk through the formation of carcinogens not associated with smoking.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2006

목적: 급성 또는 재발성 슬개골 탈구의 치료에 있어서 내측 슬개-대퇴 인대의 해부학적 위치를 고려하여 견인 봉합술을 이용한 관절경적 내측 관절막 중첩술을 새롭게 고안하였기에 소개하고자 한다. 수술 술기: 관절경하에서 내측 슬개-대퇴 인대가 위치하는 부위의 내측 관절막에 봉합사를 관절 밖에서 안으로 통과시킨다. 슬개골에 유도강선으로 3개의 터널을 뚫는데, 그 관절내 입구가 슬개골의 내측 변연 상부 1/2에 위치하도록 한다. 관절 내로 들어와 있는 봉합사를 슬개골의 터널을 통해 관절 밖으로 빼내고, 봉합사에 긴장을 준 상태에서 적절한 정도로 외측 지대 유리술을 시행한 후 봉합사를 결찰한다. 결론: 본 술기는 최근 중요시되고 있는 내측 슬개-대퇴 인대를 봉합함으로써 내측 관절막 중첩술의 효과를 극대화시키고 슬개골의 아탈구 및 경사를 교정할 수 있으며, 최소 침습적이고 비교적 쉽고 간단하여 급성 또는 재발성 슬개골 탈구의 치료에 있어서 효과적인 술식으로 생각된다.