Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.r.03

Some Prophylactic Options to Mitigate Methane Emi ssion from Animal Agriculture in Japan  

Takahashi, Junichi (Graduate School of Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine)
Publication Information
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences / v.24, no.2, 2011 , pp. 285-294 More about this Journal
Abstract
The abatement of methane emission from ruminants is an important global issue due to its contribution to greenhouse gas with carbon dioxide. Methane is generated in the rumen by methanogens (archaea) that utilize metabolic hydrogen ($H_2$) to reduce carbon dioxide, and is a significant electron sink in the rumen ecosystem. Therefore, the competition for hydrogen used for methanogenesis with alternative reductions of rumen microbes should be an effective option to reduce rumen methanogenesis. Some methanogens parasitically survive on the surface of ciliate protozoa, so that defaunation or decrease in protozoa number might contribute to abate methanogenesis. The most important issue for mitigation of rumen methanogenesis with manipulators is to secure safety for animals and their products and the environment. In this respect, prophylactic effects of probiotics, prebiotics and miscellaneous compounds to mitigate rumen methanogenesis have been developed instead of antibiotics, ionophores such as monensin, and lasalocid in Japan. Nitrate suppresses rumen methanogenesis by its reducing reaction in the rumen. However, excess intake of nitrate causes intoxication due to nitrite accumulation, which induces methemoglobinemia. The nitrite accumulation is attributed to a relatively higher rate of nitrate reduction to nitrite than nitrite to ammonia via nitroxyl and hydroxylamine. The in vitro and in vivo trials have been conducted to clarify the prophylactic effects of L-cysteine, some strains of lactic acid bacteria and yeast and/or ${\beta}$1-4 galactooligosaccharide on nitrate-nitrite intoxication and methanogenesis. The administration of nitrate with ${\beta}$1-4 galacto-oligosaccharide, Candida kefyr, and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis were suggested to possibly control rumen methanogenesis and prevent nitrite formation in the rumen. For prebiotics, nisin which is a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis has been demonstrated to abate rumen methanogenesis in the same manner as monensin. A protein resistant anti-microbe (PRA) has been isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum as a manipulator to mitigate rumen methanogenesis. Recently, hydrogen peroxide was identified as a part of the manipulating effect of PRA on rumen methanogenesis. The suppressing effects of secondary metabolites from plants such as saponin and tannin on rumen methanogenesis have been examined. Especially, yucca schidigera extract, sarsaponin (steroidal glycosides), can suppress rumen methanogenesis thereby improving protein utilization efficiency. The cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), or cashew shell oil, which is a natural resin found in the honeycomb structure of the cashew nutshell has been found to mitigate rumen methanogenesis. In an attempt to seek manipulators in the section on methane belching from ruminants, the arrangement of an inventory of mitigation technologies available for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) in the Kyoto mechanism has been advancing to target ruminant livestock in Asian and Pacific regions.
Keywords
Methane; Nitrate; L-cysteine; Probiotics; Prebiotics; Sarsaponin;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 2  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
1 Takahashi, J. 2001. Nutritional manipulation of methanogenesis in ruminants. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:131-135.
2 Takahashi, J., C. Sar, Y. Gamo, K. Kimura, H. Mizukoshi and I. Arai. 2002. Suppression of rumen methanogenesis by alternative reductions. Proceeding of 10th International Congress, 23-27th September, 2002, New Delhi, India. p. 55.
3 Takahashi, J., Y. Gamo, B. Mwenya, B. Santoso, C. Sar, H. Umetsu, H. Mizukoshi, K. Kimura and O. Hamamoto. 2003. Control and energetic recycling of methane emitted from ruminants. In: Proceeding of Progress in research on energy and protein metabolism (Ed. W. B. Souffrant and C. C. Metges), EAAP publication, No. 109, 13-18th September 2003, Rostock-Warnemunde, Germany. pp. 371-374.
4 Wallace, R. J., L. Arthaud and C. J. Newbold. 1994. Influence of Yucca Schidigera extract on ruminal ammonia concentrations and ruminal microorganisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1762-1767.
5 Wang, Y., T. A. McAllister. L. J. Yanke, Z. J. Xu, P. R. Cheeke and K. J. Cheng. 2000. In vitro effects of steroidal saponins from Yucca schidigera extract on rumen microbial protein sysnthesis and ruminal fermentation. J. Sci. Food Agric. 80:2114-2122.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Watanuki, M., Y. Wada and K. Matsumoto. 1996. Digestibility and physiological heat of combustions of ${\beta}1-4$ and ${\beta}1-6$ galactooligosaccharides in vitro. Annual Reports of the Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research 16:1-12.
7 Wolin, M. J. 1975. Interactions between the bacterial species of the rumen. In Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant (Ed. I. M. McDonald and A. C. I. Warner). Univ. New England Publ. Unit, Sydney, Australia. pp. 135-148.
8 Wolin, M. J. and T. L. Miller. 1988. Microbe-microbe interactions. In: The rumen microbial ecosystem. Elsevier Applied Science, London, UK, pp. 343-359.
9 Takahashi, J., T. Chiba, T. Encho, J. Ikariga and H. Fujita. 1983. The acute and chronic effect of nitrate on heat production and methanogenesis in ruminants. Proceedings of the 5th World Conference on Animal Production, 14-19 August 1983, Tokyo, Japan. Japanese Society of Zootechnical Science, Tokyo, Japan. 2:351-352.
10 Takahashi, J. 1989. Control of ruminal reduction by sulphur compounds. Asia-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2:530-532.
11 Takahashi, J., N. Johchi and H. Fujita. 1989. Inhibitory effects of sulphur compounds, copper and tungsten on nitrate reduction by mixed rumen micro-organisms. Br. J. Nutr. 61:741-748.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Takahashi, J. and B. A. Young. 1991. Prophylactic effect of L-cysteine on nitrate- induced alterations in respiratory exchange and metabolic rate in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 35:105-113.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Takahashi, J. and B. A. Young. 1992. The modulation of nitrate-enhanced hypothermia by sulphur compounds in cold-exposed sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 39:347-355.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Takahashi, J., A. S. Chaudhry, R. G. Beneke, B. A. Suhubdy and B. A. Young. 1997. Modification of methane emission in sheep by cysteine and a microbial preparation. Sci. Total Environ., 204:117-123.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Sar, C., B. Santoso, Y. Gamo, T. Kobayashi, S. Shiozaki, K. Kimura, H. Mizukoshi, I. Arai and J. Takahashi. 2004b. Effects of combination of nitrate with ${\beta}1-4$ galacto-oligosaccharides and yeast (Candida kefyr) on methane emission from sheep. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:73-79.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
16 Takahashi, J., M. Ikeda, S. Matsuoka and H. Fujita. 1998. Prophylactic effect of L-cysteine to acute and subclinical nitrate toxicity in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 74:273-280.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Takahashi, J., N. Shinya, S. Patricia, M. Mii, M. Suzuki, M. Kawai and S. Matsuoka. 2000. The evaluation of greenhouse gas, methane emission from orchardgrass and lucerne silage by using in vitro gas production system. Proceedings of the 97 th Japanese Conference on Animal Production, 27-29 March 2000, Kyoto, Japan. Japanese Society of Animal Science p. 149.
18 Takahashi, J., Y. Miyagawa, Y. Kojima and K. Umetsu. 2000. Effects of Yucca schidigera extract, probiotics, monensin and L-cysteine on rumen methanogenesis. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 13:499-501.
19 Sar, C., B. Santoso, B. Mwenya, Y. Gamo, T. Kobayashi, R. Morikawa, K. Kimura, H. Mizukoshi and J. Takahashi. 2004c. Manipulation of rumen methanogenesis by the combination of nitrate with ${\beta}1-4$ galacto-oligosaccharides or nisin in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 115:129-142.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Sar, C., B. Mwenya, B. Pen, K. Takaura, R. Morikawa, A. Tsujimoto, K. Kuwaki, N. Isogai, I. Shinzato, Y. Asakura, Y. Toride and J. Takahashi. 2005a. Effect of rumianl administration of Escherichia coli wild type or a genetically modified strain with enhanced high nitrite reductase activity on methane emission and nitrate toxicity in nitrate-infused sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 94:691-697.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Stewart, C. S. and M. P. Bryant. 1988. The rumen bacteria in The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. P.N. Hobson, ed. Elsevier Appl. Sci. New York, NY, pp. 21-75.
22 Sar, C., B. Mwenya, B. Santoso, K. Takaura, R. Morikawa, N. Isogai, Y. Asakura, Y. Toride and J. Takahashi. 2005b. The effect of Escherichia coli W3110 on ruminal methanogenesis and nitrate/nitrite reduction in vitro. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 118: 295-306.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Sar, C., B. Mwenya, B. Santoso, K. Takaura, R. Morikawa, N. Isogai, Y. Asakura, Y. Toride and J. Takahashi. 2005c. Effect of Escherichia coli wild type or its derivative with high nitrite reductase activity on ruminal methanogenesis and nitrate/nitrite reduction in vitro. J. Anim. Sci. 83:644-652.
24 Sar, C., B. Mwenya, B. Pen, R. Morikawa, K. Takaura, T. Kobayashi and J. Takahashi. 2006. Effect of nisin on ruminal methane production and nitrate/nitrite reduction in vitro. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 56:803-810.
25 Pen, B., C. Sar, B. Mwenya, K. Kuwaki and J. Takahashi. 2008. Effects of Quillaja saponaria extract alone or in combination with Yucca schidigera extract on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro. Anim. Sci. J. 79:193-199.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Prins, R. A., W. Cline-Theil, A. Malestein and G. H. M. Counotte. 1980. Inhibition of nitrate reduction in some rumen bacteria by tungstate. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:163-165.
27 Sako, T., K. Matsumoto and R. Tanaka. 1999. Recent progress on research and applications of non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides. Int. Dairy J. 9:69-80.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Santoso, B., B. Mwenya, C. Sar, Y. Gamo, T. Kobayashi, R. Morikawa, K. Kimura, H. Mizukoshi and J. Takahashi. 2004a. Effects of supplementing galacto-oligosaccharides, Yucca schidigera or nisin on rumen methanogenesis, nitrogen and energy metabolism in sheep. Livest. Prod. Sci. 91:209-217.   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Sar, C., B. Santoso, X. G. Zhou, Y. Gamo, A. Koyama, T. Kobayashi, S. Shiozaki and J. Takahashi. 2002. Effects of ${\beta}1-4$ galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) and Candida kefyr on nitrate-induced methaemoglobinemia and methane emission in sheep. In: Greenhouse Gases on Animal Agriculture (Ed. J. Takahashi and B. A. Young). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
30 Santoso, B., B. Mwenya, C. Sar, Y. Gamo, T. Kobayashi, R. Morikawa and J. Takahashi. 2004b. Effect of Yucca schidigera with or without nisis on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed silage- and hay-based diets. Anim. Sci. J. 75:525-531.   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Sar, C., B. Santoso, B. Mwenya, R. Morikawa, N. Isogai, Y. Asakura, Y. Toride and J. Takahashi. 2004a. Effect of Escherichia coli W3110 or Escherichia coli nir-Ptac on in vitro ruminal methanogenesis and nitrate/nitrite reduction. Proceeding of 11th Asian-Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (AAAP) Congress, 5-9th September 2004, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. pp. 316-318.
32 Mwenya, B., B. Santoso, C. Sar, B. Pen, R. Morikawa, K. Takaura, K. Umetsu, K. Kimura and J. Takahashi. 2004c. Effects of yeast culture and galacto-oligosaccharides on ruminal fermentation in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1404-1412.
33 Mwenya, B., B. Satonso, C. Sar, Y. Gamo, T. Kobayashi, I. Arai, and J. Takahashi. 2004d. Effects of including ${\beta}1-4$ galacto-oligosaccharides, lactic acid bacteria or yeast culture on methanogenesis as well as energy and nitrogen metabolism in sheep. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 115:313-326.   DOI   ScienceOn
34 Mwenya, B. C. Sar, B. Santoso, T. Kobayashi, R. Morikawa, K. Takaura, K. Umetsu, S. Kogawa, K. Kimura, H. Mizukoshi and J. Takahashi. 2005. Comparing the effects of ${\beta}1-4$ galactooligosaccharides and L-cysteine to monensin on energy and nitrogen utilization in steers fed a very high concentrate diet. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 118:19-30.   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Pen, B., K. Takaura, S. Yamaguchi, R. Asa and J. Takahashi. 2007. Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria with or without ${\beta}1-4$ galacto-oligosaccharides on ruminal fermentation, methane production and nitrogen utilization in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 138:75-88.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Mwenya, B. C. Sar, B. Pen, R. Morikawa, K. Takaura, S. Kogawa, K. Kimura, K. Umetsu and J. Takahashi. 2006. Effects of feed additives on ruminal methanogenesis and anaerobic fermentation of manure in cows and steers. In: Greenhouse Gases on Animal Agriculture update (Ed. C. Soliva, J. Takahashi and M. Kreutzer). International Congress Series. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1293:209-212.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Ohtsuka, K., K. Tsuji, Y. Nakagawa, H. Ueda, O. Ozawa, T. Uchida and T. Ichikawa. 1990. Availability of 4'-galactosyllactose (O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-beta-Dgalactospyranosyl-(1-4)-D-glucopyranose) in rat. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 36:265-276.   DOI
38 Pen, B., C. Sar, B. Mwenya, K. Kuwaki, R. Morikawa and J. Takahashi. 2006. Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane emission. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 129:175-186.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Jamieson, N. D. 1958. Adverse effect of nitrate metabolic products on sheep growth. Nature 181:1601-1602.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Klieve, A. V. and R. S. Hegarty. 1999. Opportunities of biological control of ruminant methanogenesis. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 50:1315-1319.   DOI
41 Korzeniowski, A., J. H. Geurink and A. Kemp. 1981. Nitrate poisoning in cattle. 6. Tungsten (wolfram) as a prophylactic against nitrate-nitrite intoxication in ruminants. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 29:37- 47.
42 Leng, R. A. 1991. Improving ruminant production and reducing methane emissions from ruminants by strategic supplementation. EPA/400/1-91/004, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. 6-10.
43 Mwenya, B., C. Sar, Y. Gamo, T. Kobayashi, R. Morikawa, K. Kimura, H. Mizukoshi and J. Takahashi. 2004a. Effects of Yucca schidigera with or without nisin on ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed silage- and hay- based diets. Anim. Sci. J. 75:525-531.   DOI   ScienceOn
44 Marais, J. P., J. Therion, I. Mackie, A. Kistner and C. D. Dennisoson. 1988. Effect of nitrate and its reduction products on the growth and activity of the rumen microbial population. Br. J. Nutr. 59:301-313.   DOI   ScienceOn
45 Metzler, D. E. 1977. The chemical reactions of living cells. Biochemistry, Academic Press, New York. pp. 808.
46 Moss, A. R. 1993. Methane: Global warming and production by animals. Chalcombe, Canterbury, UK. p. 105.
47 Mwenya, B., X. Zhou, B. Santoso, C. Sar, Y. Gamo, T. Kobayashi and J. Takahashi. 2004b. Effects of probiotic-vitacogen and ${\beta}1-4$ galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation on methanogenesis and energy and nitrogen utilization in dairy cows. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17:349-354.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
48 Allison, M. J., C. A. Reddy and H. M. Cook. 1981. The effects nitrate and nitrite on VFA and CH4 production by ruminal microbes. J. Anim. Sci. 53(Suppl. 1):391(Abstract).
49 Allison, M. J. and C. A. Reddy. 1984. In: Current perspectives in microbial ecology (Ed. M. J. Kelly and C. A. Reddy,editors). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 248-256.
50 Baker, S. K. 1999. Rumen methanogens, and inhibition of methanogenesis. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 50:1293-1298.   DOI
51 Belaich, J. P., M. Bruschi and J. L. Garcia. 1990. Microbiology and biochemistry of strict anaerobes involved in interspecies hydrogen transfer. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
52 Hopgood, M. F. and D. J. Walker. 1967. Succinic acid production by rumen bacteria. II. Radioisotope studies on succinateproduction by Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 20:183-192.
53 Chen, M. and M. J. Wolin. 1979. Effect of monensin and lasalocid-sodium on the growth of methanogenic and rumen saccharolytic bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:72-77.
54 Chalupa, W. 1984. Manipulation of rumen fermentation. In: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (Ed. W. Haresign and D. Cole). Butterworths, London, England, pp.143-160.
55 Gamo, Y., M. Mii, X. G. Zhou, C. Sar, B. Santoso, I. Arai, K. Kimura and J. Takahashi, 2001. Effects of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and galactooligosaccha-ride supplementation on in vitro rumen methane production. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture (GGAA), (Ed. J. Takahashi and B. A. Young). Obihiro, Japan, 7-11 Nov. 2001, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan. pp. 371-374.
56 Houghton, J. 1994. Global warming. Lion Publishing plc. Oxford, pp. 29-45.
57 IPCC (Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change). 1994. (Ed. Houghton, J. H., Meria Filho, L. G., Callander, B. A., Haites, H., Haites, Harris, N. and Maskell), Cambridge University Press. New York. pp: 25-27.
58 Asa, R., A. Tanaka, A. Uehara, I. Shinzato, Y. Toride, N. Usui, K. Hirakawa and J. Takahashi. 2010. Effects of protease-resistant antimicrobial substances produced by lactic acid bacteria on rumen methanogenesis. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 23:700-707.   과학기술학회마을   DOI