• Journal of architectural history
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.83-99
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• 2007

This study examines the joint and splice of wooden structure at Geunjeongjeon Hall of Gyengbok Palace, which was constructed in the late Joseon Dynasty. The scope of the study is on the part of columns, the bracket sets, and the frame structure. This research also deals with the relationship between vortical load and horizontal load. Firstly, the examination of the joint and splice methods between the pillar and penetrating ties is on the joint and splice methods of the outer and corner. Through the investigation, it is verified that the joint methods between pillar and penetrating tie on the outer and corner pillars is the method of Sagal joints(cross joints, 사개맞춤). Joints used between pillar and penetrating tie are dovetailed tenon joints, between columns and Anchogong(안초공), between columns and Choikgong(초익공) are tenon joint(장부맞춤). Secondly, the examination of the joint and splice methods of the bracket set is on that of Salmi and Cheomcha(첨차), and Salmi and Janghyeo(장혀). Joints used between Salmi and Cheomcha, Salmi and Janghyeo are halved joint, and between each Janghyeo are stepped dovetailed splice. It is Cheomcha that is used the Jujang-Cheomcha(주장첨차) on center line. Therefore it is connected with each bracket set, which gets to is the strong system, easy and convenient on the construction of that. Thirdly, the frame structure of wooden architecture in royal palace is consist of purlins and beams, Janghyeo(장혀, timber under purlin), tall columns, king posts, etc. Through the investigation, it is verified that the joint and splice methods between purlins and beams are used with the methods of Sungeoteok joint(숭어턱맞춤). It is verified that the joint and splice methods between beams and high columns are used with methods of mortise and tenon joint(장부맞춤), is highly related with tensile force. To reduce the separation of parts, sangi(산지) and tishoi(띠쇠) are used as a counterproposal, which were generally used for architecture in royal Palaces in the late Joseon Dynasty and continued to be used until these days common wooden architecture.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1355-1360
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• 2018

The healthcare industry is expected to the range of services will be expanded and management will be done throughout the life cycle by combining Big Data, Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), and IT equipment. This paper describes a metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and interphalangeal joint flexion of the thumb as one area of healthcare. Metacarpophalangeal joint flexion refers to bending the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint, and interphalangeal joint flexion refers to bending the thumb interphalangeal joint. When bending the joints, if the angle is below a certain angle, or if you feel pain, you have an abnormality. In addition, prevention and therapy of the thumb joint were also suggested. Experiments were performed on metacarpophalangeal joint flexion and interphalangeal joint flexion in the thumb joint in the case of 50 people in their 50s. The system is limited to a portion of the body, but if it is partially expanded, it will be the basis for building a Big Data healthcare system.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.79-99
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• 2018

According to the literature, the studies on the effects of the characteristics of the international joint venture partners on joint venture performance are mainly focused on partial aspects of partners characteristics, and the studies that investigate a mediating effect of alliance commitment on the relationship between partners characteristics and joint venture performance are scarce. Hence, this research intends to identify comprehensive partners characteristics, including CEO leadership behaviors similarity, strategic similarity, resources similarity, and organizational similarity and examines their effects on alliance commitment and joint venture performance. The results reveal that CEO leadership behaviors similarity and organizational similarity have a positive influence on alliance commitment and joint venture performance, whereas strategic similarity and resources similarity have a negative influence on alliance commitment and joint venture performance. It is also found that alliance commitment affects joint venture performance positively and mediates the relationship between partners characteristics and joint venture performance. Based on these results, key conclusions and implications are discussed.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.429-449
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• 2013

Current Design Codes for Reinforced Concrete (RC) interior beam-column joints are based on limited experimental studies on the seismic behavior of eccentric joints. To supplement existing information, an experimental study was conducted that focused on the effect of eccentricity of the deeper beams with respect to the shallow beams. A total of eight one-third scale interior joints with beams of different depths were subjected to reverse cyclic loading. The primary variables in the test specimens were the amount of joint transverse reinforcement and the cross section of the shallow beams. The overall performance of each test assembly was found to be unsatisfactory in terms of joint shear strength, stiffness, energy dissipation and shear deformation. The results indicated that the vertical eccentricity of spandrel beams in this type of joint led to lower capacity in joint shear strength and severe damage of concrete in the joint core. Increasing the joint shear reinforcement was not effective to alter the failure mode from joint shear failure to beam yielding which is favorable for earthquake resistance design, whereas it was effective to reduce the crack width at the small loading stages. Based on the observed behavior, the shear stress of the joint core was suggested to be kept as low as possible for a safe and practical design of this type of joint.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.657-663
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• 2005

Recently, weight reduction of vehicles has been of great interest, and consequently the use of composite materials in the automotive industry is increasing every year. Composite sandwich panels which consist of two skins and core materials are replacing steels in automotive floor and door. The substitution of one material for another is accompanied by change of joining method, so that adhesive bonding has been popularly used for joining method of composite materials. In the case of adhesive bonding of composite materials, there could be loss in the joint strength by delamination of two faceplates or cracking on faceplate. Thus, it is necessary to prevent loss in the joint strength by designing the joint geometry. In the present paper, adhesive bonding of aluminum sandwich sheet was tried. For understanding joint behavior, studies on stresses in the single lap joint were reviewed and failure modes of composite material were analyzed. Strength tests on the single lap joint consisting of aluminum sandwich sheet and steel were performed and variation of the joint strength with the joint configuration was shown. Based on these results, design guide of adhesive bonding in aluminum sandwich sheet was suggested.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.405-413
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• 2006

A novel approach based on genetic algorithms (GA) is developed to find a global minimum-jerk trajectory of a space robotic manipulator in joint space. The jerk, the third derivative of position of desired joint trajectory, adversely affects the efficiency of the control algorithms and stabilization of whole space robot system and therefore should be minimized. On the other hand, the importance of minimizing the jerk is to reduce the vibrations of manipulator. In this formulation, a global genetic-approach determines the trajectory by minimizing the maximum jerk in joint space. The planning procedure is performed with respect to all constraints, such as joint angle constraints, joint velocity constraints, joint angular acceleration and torque constraints, and so on. We use an genetic algorithm to search the optimal joint inter-knot parameters in order to realize the minimum jerk. These joint inter-knot parameters mainly include joint angle and joint angular velocities. The simulation result shows that GA-based minimum-jerk trajectory planning method has satisfactory performance and real significance in engineering.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 1995

The techniques of joint mobilization and traction are used to improve joint mobility or to decrease pain by restoring accessory movements to the shoulder joints and thus allowing full, nonrestriced, pain-free range of motion. In the glenohumeral joint, the humeral head would be the convex surface, while the glenoid fossa would be the concave surface. The medial end of the clavicle is concave anterioposteriorly and convex superioinferiorly, the articular surface of the sternum is reciprocally curved. The acromioclavicular joint is a plane synovial joint between a small convex facet on lateral end of the clavicle and a small concave facet on the acromion of the scapula. The relationship between the shape of articulating joint surface and the direction of gliding is defined by the Convex-Concave Rule. If the concave joint surface is moving on a stationary convex surface, gliding occur in the same direction as the rolling motion. If the convex surface is moving on a stationary concave surface, gliding will occur in an opposite direction to rolling. Hypomobile shoulder joints are treated be using a gliding technique.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of early stabilization exercise focused on the scapulothoracic joint on the recovery of surgical patients due to rotator cuff tear. Methods: The subjects were 30 patients divided randomly into two groups. Group I consisted of 15 patients who practiced shoulder joint stabilization exercises, including glenohumeral joint movement. Group II consisted of 15 patients who practiced scapulothoracic joint stabilization exercises, excluding glenohumeral joint movement. The duration of stabilization exercise was 30 minutes for one day, five days a week, and five weeks. To measure the dependent variables, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, range of motion (ROM), dynamometer of measured grip were used. Results: The DASH, ROM, and grip power were compared. A significant difference was observed before the intervention in each group (p<.05), and there was no significant difference between group I and group II (p>.05). Conclusion: Both shoulder joint and scapulothoracic joint stabilization exercises were effective after the intervention compared to preintervention, but there was no difference between the two groups. Unlike many recent studies on the initiation of stabilization exercises, this study allays the concerns between the advantages of 'early exercise' and oppositions of previous studies about 'early exercise'. Nevertheless, further research regarding these subjects is needed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.115-124
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics variables of upper limb joint during forehand stroke by swings patterns. Eight high school tennis players were chosen for the study, who have never been injured for last six months, in Busan. They performed horizontal swing and vertical swing that it was done each five consecutive trial in the condition of square, semi-open and open stance. It was filmed by 6 video camera and used with 3-dimensional motion analyzer system. The following kinematic variables were analyzed in relation to angle of joint(shoulder, elbow and wrist joint). The conclusion were as follow: 1. The angle of right shoulder joint represented all event that both swing were shown similar pattern in swing type and stance pattern. 2. All event in the angle of elbow joint had consistent with that except E2, horizontal and vertical swings in square stance. 3. All event in the angle of wrist joint was show to similar pattern except E2, horizontal and vertical swing in open stance.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 1995

Heat and cold often produce a similar clinical effect but different physiologic mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of local heat and cold therapy on joint pain, discomfort and, ROM of the arthritic knee joint. Thirty female subjects took Ice bag and hot bag with random assignment of initial therapy Subjects rated the degree of Joint pain and discomfort before and after each therapy, and then ROM was measured. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The hot bag group showed significantly lower joint pain & discomfort score than the ice bag group. ROM was increased in the hot bag group compared with subjects in the ice bag group. But there is not significant differences. 2. The ice bag group showed significantly lower joint pain score after than before therapy. But there are no significant differences in discomfort score & ROM between after & before therapy. 3. The hot bag group showed significantly lower joint pain, discomfort score after than before therapy. ROM was significantly increased after than before therapy in hot bag group. Therefore hot bag was significantly more effective than the ice bag in relieving the arthritic joint symptoms. A further study is necessary to determine the effect of local heat and cold therapy including the related variables such as preference for heat or cold.