• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.159-172
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• 2008

During the course of its efforts to host the 2012 EXPO in Yeosu, Korea, the Korean government promised to the members of the International Exhibition Bureau (BIE) to adopt the so-called Yeosu Declaration. Considering the year 2012 will likely witness the adoption of another global scale environmental declaration as such as the Stockholm, Rio and Johannesburg Declarations, Yeosu Declaration may contribute not only to emphasizing the theme of the 2012 Yeosu EXPO, The Living Ocean and Coast: Diversity of Resources and Sustainable Activities, but also to sharing its efforts to protect the environment with the international society. As there has been no precedence of adopting any declaration in the history of EXPO, a careful preparation for the adoption of Yeosu Declaration is necessary as suggested in this article.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.621-628
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• 2011

Health and safety in the construction industry continue to fall behind many industries despite much effort to improve the status. A considerable amount of research has been conducted to try and contribute to addressing the problem of health and safety (H&S) in the construction industry. A number of studies have looked at the role of various construction project stakeholders and their contribution to H&S. However there is no clear identification of the extent to which various stakeholders could contribute and therefore influence the outcome of H&S on construction projects. In view of the above, the current Delphi study went a little bit further and sought to establish the impact significance of construction clients and designers on H&S. This paper will present findings from the study which is the impact significance of clients and designers on H&S consideration throughout the project life cycle.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.259-266
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• 2024

The purpose of this note is a wide generalization of the topological results of various classes of ideals of rings, semirings, and modules, endowed with Zariski topologies, to r-strongly irreducible r-ideals (endowed with Zariski topologies) of monoids, called terminal spaces. We show that terminal spaces are T₀, quasi-compact, and every nonempty irreducible closed subset has a unique generic point. We characterize rarithmetic monoids in terms of terminal spaces. Finally, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the subspaces of r-maximal r-ideals and r-prime r-ideals to be dense in the corresponding terminal spaces.

• Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.559-580
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• 2024

In this paper, we aim to prove coupled and common coupled fixed point theorems for contractive type conditions in the context of partial metric spaces by means of a control function, and to provide some corollaries of the established results. This paper presents a number of results that generalize and extend previous work in the field. In order to better illustrate the process, we provide examples.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2017

Construction projects have been observed to have problems of project delays and disruptions and the South African construction industry is not an exception. This research identified causes and effects of project delay and disruption through a desktop study. Subsequently, a questionnaire was designed and used to conduct a survey to obtain the views of the three main construction project participants - clients, consultants, and contractors. The questionnaire contains 48 causes and 13 effects of project delay and disruption identified from the desktop study. This research identified sixteen most important causes of project delay and disruption and five most important effects of delay and disruption. Sixteen most important causes were: (1) strikes, (2) rework due to errors during construction, (3) shortage of materials in market, (4) suspension of work by the client, (5) poor communication between the parties, (6) ineffective planning and scheduling of project, (7) delays in issuing working drawings, (8) mistakes and discrepancies in design documents, (9) shortage of labours and equipment, (10) delay in decision making process by the client, (11) unforeseen ground conditions, (12) unclear and inadequate details in drawing, (13) inadequate contractor's experience, (14) delay in approving changes in the scope of works, (15) delay in material delivery and (16) unacceptable quality of materials. The five major effects include: (1) create stress on contractors, (2) cost overrun, (3) time overrun, (4) poor quality of work due to rush, and (5) disputes. Furthermore, the result of this research was compared with the result of previous studies conducted in other regions of Africa in terms of causes and effects of project delay and disruption. The research concludes that numerous causes and effects of delay and disruption are limited to South African construction projects based on the comparison. The causes limited to South African construction projects include: (1) strikes, (2) suspension of work by the client (3) mistakes and discrepancies in design documents (4) delay in approving changes in the scope of works and (5) unacceptable quality of materials, while the two major effects limited to South African construction projects includes: (1) create stress on contractors and (2) poor quality of work. In conclusion, some recommendations were made in order to minimise the causes of delay and disruption identified.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.270-279
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• 2014

The Viterbi decoding algorithm, which provides maximum - likelihood decoding, is currently considered the most widely used technique for the decoding of codes having a state description, including the class of linear error-correcting convolutional codes. Two classes of nonbinary convolutional codes are presented. Distance preserving mapping convolutional codes and M-ary convolutional codes are designed, respectively, from the distance-preserving mappings technique and the implementation of the conventional convolutional codes in Galois fields of order higher than two. We also investigated the performance of these codes when combined with a multiple frequency-shift keying (M-FSK) modulation scheme to correct narrowband interference (NBI) in power-line communications channel. Themodification of certain detectors of the M-FSK demodulator to refine the selection and the detection at the decoder is also presented. M-FSK detectors used in our simulations are discussed, and their chosen values are justified. Interesting and promising obtained results have shown a very strong link between the designed codes and the selected detector for M-FSK modulation. An important improvement in gain for certain values of the modified detectors was also observed. The paper also shows that the newly designed codes outperform the conventional convolutional codes in a NBI environment.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.483-498
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• 2017

Novel mixed matrix membranes of Sodium Alginate (NaAlg) were developed by the incorporation ofunmodified, modified Phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) then cross-linked with glutaraldehyde externally. These membranes were prepared by the solution casting technique. Pervaporation (PV) experiments have been performed with pure NaAlg, unmodified NaAlg-PMA5, NaAlg-PMA10, modified NaAlg-mPMA5, and NaAlg-mPMA10 (wt. % of PMA 5 and 10) at 30, 40 and $50^{\circ}C$, to separate water-isopropanol feed mixtures containing 10-30 wt. % of water. Pervaporation results of NaAlg-mPMA10 produced a highest separation factor of 9028 with a flux of $0.269kg/m^2.h$ for 10 wt. % of water containing feed mixture. Both separation factor and flux for water increased significantly with increasing content of mPMA into NaAlg; a significant improvement in PV performance was observed for NaAlg-mPMA5 and NaAlg-mPMA10 membranes when compared to pure NaAlg& PMA-5, PMA-10 membrane.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.155-174
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• 2016

A total of 104 laboratory model tests on a square footing subjected to eccentrically inclined loads supported by sand reinforced with randomly distributed polypropylene fibers were conducted in order to compare the results with those obtained from unreinforced sand and with each other. For conducting the model tests, uniform sand was compacted in a test box at one particular relative density of compaction. The effect of percentage of reinforcement used, thickness of the reinforced layer, angle of inclination of load to vertical and eccentricity of load applied on various prominent factors such as ultimate load, vertical settlement, horizontal deformation and tilt were investigated. An improvement in ultimate load, vertical settlement, horizontal deformation and tilt of foundation was observed with an increase in the percentage of fibers used and thickness of reinforced sand layer under different inclinations and eccentricities of load. A statistical model using non-linear regression analysis based on present experimental data for predicting the vertical settlement ($s_p$), horizontal deformation ($hd_p$) and tilt ($t_p$) of square footing on reinforced sand at any load applied was done where the dependent variable was predicted settlement ($s_p$), horizontal deformation ($hd_p$) and tilt ($t_p$) respectively.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2019

Complex Grassmann manifolds $G_{n,k}$ are a generalization of complex projective spaces and have many important features some of which are captured by the $Pl{\ddot{u}}cker$ embedding $f:G_{n,k}{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{C}}P^{N-1}$ where $N=\(^n_k\)$. The problem of existence of cross sections of fibrations can be studied using the Gottlieb group. In a more generalized context one can use the relative evaluation subgroup of a map to describe the cohomology of smooth fiber bundles with fiber the (complex) Grassmann manifold $G_{n,k}$. Our interest lies in making use of techniques of rational homotopy theory to address problems and questions involving applications of Gottlieb groups in general. In this paper, we construct the Sullivan minimal model of the (complex) Grassmann manifold $G_{n,k}$ for $2{\leq}k<n$, and we compute the rational evaluation subgroup of the embedding $f:G_{n,k}{\rightarrow}{\mathbb{C}}P^{N-1}$. We show that, for the Sullivan model ${\phi}:A{\rightarrow}B$, where A and B are the Sullivan minimal models of ${\mathbb{C}}P^{N-1}$ and $G_{n,k}$ respectively, the evaluation subgroup $G_n(A,B;{\phi})$ of ${\phi}$ is generated by a single element and the relative evaluation subgroup $G^{rel}_n(A,B;{\phi})$ is zero. The triviality of the relative evaluation subgroup has its application in studying fibrations with fibre the (complex) Grassmann manifold.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the relationship between the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) and the level of development. Moreover, this research attempts to discover the determinants of ECI in the globalization wave. Design/methodology - Our empirical model considers the relationship between ECI and the level of development in middle- and high-income economies from 1995 to 2010 by using systemic qualitative analysis, including OLS, fixed-effects, and system GMM. Next, this research used OLS regression to find the determinants of ECI. In particular, we compared the effects of different factors on ECI in the different development stages. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: 1. If the ECI increases by 1, it could lead to an increase of about 30% in the level of development in middle- and high-income economies. 2. Human capital plays an important role in the development of and increase in ECI. 3. GVC participation and outflow FDI enhance an increase in ECI, in particular in middle-income economies. 4. The development of manufacturing industries is helpful to increase ECI; however, middle-income economies should pay more attention to their comparative advantage industries. 5. R&D has positive effects on the ECI. Originality/value - To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that uses systemic qualitative analysis to investigate the relationship between ECI and the level of development. The paper provides suggestions for policy makers to increase ECI under the current wave of globalization, in particular in middle-income economies.