• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 1993

This study is aimed at evaluating the present management status of the rural special production area development projects and identifying managerial problems to propose new direction of the political countermeasures for the projects. In the con text of implementing the five year's economic developent plans for the past three decades, agricultural production and farm-household income have also been grown rapidly. However the income gap between rural and urbarn laborer, as an internal problem, has widened during the decades and the UR problems concerning free trade of agricultural products, as an external problems, are now agonizing the small-holder farm economy in Korea. The internal and external farm problems could be solved through improvement of agricultural structure and provision of off-farm jobs for farm household income increase. As a part of the off-farm income sources, the rural special production area development projects have propelled by the government throughout the country. The main problems to be solved for the successful implementation of the projects are as follows : 1. Present loan amount by the financial fund was estimated at 6-7% of the total installation costs required. To expand and implement the project successfully, enough financial credit support with favorable terms and conditions have to be considered by the government. 2. The operation patterns of the special production area development project should be recommended from the view point of cooperative and private operation to maximize farm household incomes including profits, marketing charges and dividens. 3. Improvement of the marketing channel of the products and marketing information through TV program and other mass communication should be implemented strongly to promote marketsales by the financial supports of the government. 4. In connection with the off-farm income increase, the population migrating to urban area in outside Chungnam province equivalent to 10-12 thousand persons with age of 20-49 years should be taken into account politically to be employed in the projects in the province. 5. Surplus farm labors should be created by means of improvement of agricultural structure including large farm management with farm mechanization and job opportunities have also to be provided in connection with the rural special production area development projects. The two imminent subjects are the prerequisites to increase off-farm incomes for the farmers living in Chungnam province. 6. Required credit supports for investment and operation costs of the projects should be taken actions by the government.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.53-79
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• 2013

Social enterprises can be identified roughly as social purpose-oriented business ventures. They often fill the gaps left by governmental and commercial ventures in providing for certain vulnerable sectors of society. Though social enterprises often adopt market mechanisms in their organizational structures, their emphasis on particular social outcomes means that they intentionally pursue double/triple-bottom lines, thus distinguishing them from many traditional for-profit businesses. Among the Korean laborers, women have been hardest hit by the global economic crisis. As the movements have substantially been taken to strengthen women's economic activities in the recent years, many policies are formulated with these trends, connecting women's employment with social enterprises. This study focused on analyzing social enterprises to be friendly and to provide decent work to women. Data were collected from 491 social enterprises and 830 workers. The main results are as follows. First, the women's employment in social enterprises has accounted for a relatively high rate and the women's wage also is similar to men's one. Second, as for work conditions and types, most women have preferred irregular and non-managerial work. Thus, social enterprises have showed a positive response for the women's job opportunities, while social enterprises have had a negative one for enhancing the women's status at the labor market. In conclusion, social enterprises should institutionalize how to provide more stable working condition to women and to improve their's capacity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2001

Summarized results of this study that examined the characteristics of farm household in suburban areas classified by the fanning types are as follows. When it was looked into with the side of farm household and his family, the type of the farm household in suburban areas are related to the quality of fanning labor rather than the quantity of it. Regardless of the type of the farm household, it depends upon the family labor (usually men and wives). And the age of farm manager is an important part in the quality of fanning labor. The size of the farm household is related to the individual fanning labor. The size of self-sufficient crops(mainly rice) farm household will be small as the farmer gets to be old. But the size of commercial crops farm household has less tendency to change in terms with the age of farm manager. The fanning commercialism takes an important part in the maintenance and development of suburban agricultural areas. But, in fact, there is a shortage of farming labor. So the physical condition of farmland is the most important part in agricultural durability. After this study, we can conclude that we won't have enough chance to solve the problem of family member separation and shortage of fanning labor even though it is in the suburban area or in the profitable farm until we give them more enough chance to get a job(except fanning) and the better education infrastructure. To make matters worse, the aggravation of farm house-hold's economy due to unstable price of farming products' threatens the agricultural durability. Consequently, in order to get a development of agriculture and rural community, a qualitative change with improvement of agricultural conditions and of products distribution system is needed.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-16
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• 1992

The maternal and child health is a basis of national health, and indicates the level of social welfare and health of the country, because it is related with community welfare status, general cultural conditions, and medical and health sciences. This is a study carried out to identify the present practices of maternal and child health care programs implemented by the private clinics located in Guns(counties ; rural area) in Kyungsangnam Province and to propose alternatives to improve their current programs through a self-administrative questionnaire. The subjects were 90 private physicians who operated their own clinics since 1990 and were general practitioners, Obstertrician/Gynecologists or pediatricians: This survey was conducted by mail from 15 January to 25 February 1992. The response rate was 94.4 percent. 1) The major manpower for MCH programs of the studied clinics was physicians and nurseaids. 70.3% of physicians were general practitioners, 81.1% of nursing manpower were nurseaids. 31.1% of the studied clinics employed lab-technicians. 89.2% of them had MCH room whatever the size and the setting, and 84.4% of Ob/Gyn clinics installed laboratory equipments. 2) 55.4% and 63.5% of the studied clinics provided 151 or above consulting services and curative services of MCH per physician a month respectively and 33.8% and 25.7% of them provided 10 or less consulting services and curative services per physician a month. 91.9% of lab-technicians had 10 or less laboratory tests per technician a month. 3) There was a difference between Ob/Gyn and pediatric clinics in terms of services delivered : for example, 80% of Ob/Gyn clinics provided pre- and post- natal care services, while 84.6% of pediatric clinics provided vaccinations for children. It was also found that only a few of general practitioners involved pre-and post- natal care services. 4) There were no clinics which had opened regular health education session but 24.3% of them had opened the sessions irregularly. Ob/Gyn clinics put emphasis on maternity and pediatric clinics did on child health, but general practitioners touched with both maternal and child health. 21.6% of the studied clinics had some kind of educational materials for MCH programs. Most of the materials were pamphlets or small booklets. 5) Proteinuria/glucosuria, blood pressure and blood type were tested in 48.6~69% of the studied clinics ; tests for blood sugar and hepatitis B were provided in 39.2~41.9% of them, most of them were done in Ob/Gyn clinics. 6) 41.9% of physicians, 29.7% of nurses and 45.9% of nurses-aids wanted to receive on-job-training for MCH programs.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-39
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• 2018

In the period of great change in human society, a change in educational services is also necessary. Thus, the current research investigates a new model of educational services to prepare people to be successful in an era of service and the fourth industrial revolution. We analyzed all the educational service models from the first educational institution, The Academy, founded by Plato to one of the most innovative institutions, Minerva schools. Then, we designed both an educational institution model and an educational service model that will cultivate and educate prospective students to be multidimensional to fit to the new upcoming eras. Since the era of service in the 21st century is also the era of job creation, we designed models focused on developing the broad knowledge and practical skills need to solve the most complex issues of our time. A new model was designed based on the results of the survey of existing major programs, analysis of the demands of the new generation, competency requirements, and etc. The newly designed conceptual model was improved from study focusing on tools to study that focuses on intrinsic discipline and competence, nurturing dream and imagination. In order to realize the new educational service, we developed technical conditions and a methodology for improving educational service performance. In the future, it is necessary to deepen the study and carry out research on implementing new educational service. In addition, an empirical study of the performance of the new model will also be needed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.178-189
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• 1997

This study was done to compare the breast-feeding primiparas' perceptions of their babies with bottle-feeding primiparas' at 2-3 days after delivery. The subjects of this study included 42 breast-feeding mothers and 56 bottle-feeding mothers. Data were collected by using the Neonatal Perception Inventory(NPI) devised by Broussard (1963) and added by Lee, Ja Hyung(1986) from December, 1996 to June, 1997. The results of this study are as follows, 1. Primiparas' perceptions of their babies according to their general characteristics. 1) There was no significant difference in mothers' perceptions according to mothers' age and whether they have a job or not. 2) There was a difference in mothers' perceptions according to their educational level (P<0.1). 2. The comparisons of breast-feeding mothers' perceptions of their babies with bottle-feeding mothers'. 1) There was no significant difference in the two groups' perceptions of other babies 2) There was no significant difference in the two groups' perceptions of their own babies. (1) Breast-feeding mothes' general perceptions of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (2) Breast-feeding mothers' perceptions about the basic needs of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). (3) Breast-feeding mothers'perceptions about the sense and motor abilities of their own babies were better than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (4) Breast-feeding mothers' perceptions about the necessary care of their own babies were lower than bottle-feeding mothers', but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3) There was no significant difference between the two groups' positive-negative perceptions of their babies (1) 69% of breast-feeding mothers and 69.9% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about general conditions, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (2) 57.1% of breast-feeding mothers and 46.4% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the needs of babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (3) 50% of breast -feeding mothers and 48.2% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the sense and motor abilities of babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. (4) 57.1% of breast-feeding mothers and 60.7% of bottle-feeding mothers had positive perceptions about the necessary care for babies, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3. 54.8% of breast-feeding mothers tried to feed their own babies on the 1st day after delivery. 83.3% of breast-feeding mothers chose the feeding method for themselves. Only 9.5% of breast-feeding mothers took recomendations for breast-feeding from nurses. 78.6% of breast-feeding mothers had no chance to learn about breast-feeding. 69% of breast-feeding mothers complained about the difficulties of breast-feeding. The most serious problems were : 'insufficient milk supply', 'lack of knowledge about feeding technique' and 'problems with nipples'.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.98-108
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• 2015

The provincial education office considers providing school lunch as a foodservice and intends to improve consumer satisfaction. This study investigates the effect of student food habits and perceived food quality on satisfaction with school lunch based on Oliver's expectancy disconfirmation theory. We test the moderating effect of student gender and school conditions, such as the location of the school, job positon of the nutrition teacher, renovating kitchen and food distributing place. Questionnaires were collected from 240 sixth graders in the eight elementary schools in Gyeonggi province from August to September 2014. Excluding inadequate questionnaires, 208 were analyzed. PLS (Partial Least Square) and bootstrap t-tests were conducted for this study. The results showed food habits affected satisfaction directly (p<0.01). The perceived food quality of the school lunch service mediated this relationship in part (p<0.01). Moderating effects identified were gender (p<0.1), nutrition teacher's position(p<0.05), and renovating kitchen (p<0.1), but not location of school or distributing place. The study revealed the importance of student food habits and perceived food quality, which had an influence on satisfaction. We make a distinction between the concepts of satisfaction and quality so as to improve student satisfaction. When it comes to offering education program about food habits, the schools with old-fashion kitchen is given priority to than renovating one.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.47-58
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• 2015

Recently, new information security vulnerabilities have proliferated with the convergence of information security environments and information and communication technology. Accordingly, new types of cybercrime are on the rise, and security breaches and other security-related incidents are increasing rapidly because of security problems like external cyberattacks, leakage by insiders, etc. These threats will continue to multiply as industry and technology converge. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to design and present security subjects in order to train professional security management talent who can deal with the enhanced threat to information. To achieve this, the study first set key information security topics for business settings on the basis of an analysis of preceding studies and the results of a meeting of an expert committee. The information security curriculum taxonomy is developed with reference to an information security job taxonomy for domestic conditions in South Korea. The results of this study are expected to help train skilled security talent who can address new security threats in the future environment of industrial convergence.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 2000

This study attempts to explore the relationships of Korean Immigrants with New Zealand agricultural environment, their choice of agricultural occupations and adjustments. New Zealand, based on agricultural products in its economy, was one of the richest countries during the 1950s and 1960s because of its dependency in market to United Kingdom Since 1971 when U.K joined the European Community, its economy was no more strong enough to support the living conditions in the 1950's and 1960's. Therefore, New Zealand Government initiated some programme to assist its farmers. Such supports resulted in severe financial problems of the country. Thus, reforms removing almost all support programmes has been proceeded after 1984. Though horticulture is still lower in New Zealand's exports of agricultural products, its growth has been remarkable. This was results due to the contribution of smallholdings, along with migration from city to urban fringe occurred during the 1970's and 1980's. In the 1900's it has been known that horticulture in the smallholding takes a hard works for old ages, who required further partitions their lands. Meanwhile, the rapid growth of Korean immigrants to New Zealand in the 1900's has been occurred, and this study shows one or two years periods in the search of job in case of Korean farmers. The most attractiveness in agriculture for them was that it provides simultaneously both jobs and housing. Korean farmers' land use succeeds previous owner's land use, and concentrates on green house agriculture cultivating mainly tomato and cucumber. The size of land is quite small and not comparable to New Zealand's average size, but a satisfactory levels are rather high and successful in evaluating themselves concerning current occupations, even though they have rarely experienced about agriculture before. Korean farmers attributes a high satisfaction to agricultural techniques learned from previous owners and a related support authority. The results of this study showed that Korean farmers has been absorbed into New Zealand economy rather than Korean economy. Finally, it has been pointed that the growth of Korean farmers and agriculture in New Zealand is the results of complex factors such as occupations, children's educational opportunity, and the access to the city.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.449-465
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• 2017

Small and medium-sized company workers are ill-prepared for retirement due to low wages and poor working conditions, as result, are likely to get into poverty in retirement. The purpose of this study is to conduct a case study on the current status of financial and non-financial retirement preparation of the small and medium-sized company workers. The main findings are as follows. First, the small and medium-sized company workers show the anxiety about retirement. Many pre-retirees worry that their retirement savings may not generate enough income in retirement, and the level of benefits paid in public pension is inadequate. Second, they are preparing for retirement in the areas of finance, health, working after retirement and social activity. Third, they are realistic and practical in retirement decisions makings. they are considering household budget downsizing, cutting education costs, the low-waged job choice and cash flow preference in retirement. The safety and reality in preparation for retirement are top considerations. In conclusion, this case study shows that pre-retirees of small and medium-sized companies are seeking diverse retirement solutions. We need to design integrated and practical retirement planning programs to support their specific retirement needs.