• Advances in Computational Design
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.333-348
• /
• 2017

Inspections of ancient metallic bridges have illustrated fatigue cracking in riveted connections. This paper presents a comparison between two alternative finite element (FE) models proposed to predict the fatigue strength of a single shear and single rivet connection. The first model is based on solid finite elements as well as on contact elements, to simulate contact between the components of the connection. The second model is built using shell finite elements in order to model the plates of the riveted connection. Fatigue life predictions are carried out for the shear splice, integrating both crack initiation and crack propagation lives, resulting from the two alternative FE models. Global fatigue results, taking into account several clamping stresses on rivet, are compared with available experimental results. Proposed comparisons between predictions and experimental data illustrated that the proposed two-stage model yields consistent results.

• Advances in nano research
• /
• v.2 no.4
• /
• pp.187-198
• /
• 2014

Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) of different sizes were synthesized by solvothermal process maintaining their stoichiometric composition and unique structural phase. Utilizing hydrated ferric (III) chloride as unique iron precursor, it was possible to synthesize sub-micrometric magnetite clusters of sizes in between 208 and 381 nm in controlled manner by controlling the concentration of sodium acetate in the reaction mixture. The sub-micrometer size nanoclusters consist of nanometric primary particles of 19 - 26.3 nm average size. The concentration of sodium acetate in reaction solution seen to control the final size of primary MNPs, and hence the size of sub-micrometric magnetite nanoclusters. All the samples revealed their superparamagnetic behavior with saturation magnetization ($M_s$) values in between 74.3 and 77.4 emu/g. $M_s$. The coercivity of the nanoclusters depends both on the size of the primary particles and impurity present in them. The mechanisms of formation and size control of the MNPs have been discussed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.1737-1742
• /
• 2014

In this research, we further developed the one-step seed mediated method to synthesize gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and control their resulting shapes to obtain hexagonal, triangular, rod-shaped, and spherical gold nanostructures. Our method reveals that the reaction kinetics of formation of GNPs with different shapes can be controlled by the rate of addition of ascorbic acid, because this is the critical factor that dictates the energy barrier that needs to be overcome. This in turn affects the growth mechanism process, which involves the adsorption of growth species to gold nanoseeds. There were also observable trends in the dimensions of the GNPs according to different rates of addition of ascorbic acid. We performed further analyses to investigate and confirm the characteristics of the synthesized GNPs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.545-553
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to test the effect of a 12-week exercise program on body composition. blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipid and bone mineral density for middle-aged and aged women in rural areas. Methods: The subjects were 33 women at the age of 40-75. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics and paired t-test were used with SPSSWIN 16.0. Results: The results were summarized as follows. First, body weight, BMI. % body fat. abdominal adipose, and waist circumference of the women decreased significantly after implementing the 12-week exercise program. Second, diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL decreased significantly, and the HDL level increased significantly after the 12-week exercise program. Third, bone mineral density did not increase significantly after the program. Conclusion: These results suggest that the exercise program has an effect in decreasing body composition, and improving blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid in middle-aged and aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.64 no.5
• /
• pp.168-183
• /
• 2014

When expressing Jesus Christ visually in the medieval Christian paintings, the most important issue was portraying Christ's divinity and humanity in a balanced manner; showing both attributes as Son of God and a human being. The purpose of the study is to examine both the formative and the symbolic characteristics of divinity and humanity on Christ's clothes in the Medieval paintings, Baptism of Christ. In the paintings, there are iconographical devices to show His divinity including God, Holy Spirit, the Trinity and the Jordan River. But Christ's body is definite evidence to show his humanity. In connection with the body, the clothes reveal Christ's humanity and divinity as well. Through this research, the study found that the divinity and humanity on the Christ's clothes in the baptism of Christ were as follows: Blue, gole, purple, and white are the emblem of divinity, while the colors red and white stand for the humanity of Christ. In addition, the divinity of christ is expressed through the decoration on the clothes, while the humanity of Christ is shown through the structured drapery and transparent material.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2017

Purpose: To determine the effects of neck and back touch on Ultrasonic Vocalization (UV) and the Rat Grimace Scale (RGS) in rats touched by the human hand as an intervention for reducing pain and anxiety associated with intramuscular injections. Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled, pre-test/post-test design study. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to either the experimental or control groups (n= 10 rats/group). The experimental group was touched in a manner similar to massaging the rat's neck and back twice a day for one week. The two groups received two intramuscular injections. The 22kHz and 50kHz UV and the RGS scores were measured before and after each intramuscular injection. Results: The 22kHz UV and RGS score were significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group when the first intramuscular injection was administered; whereas, no difference between the experimental and the control groups were observed when the second intramuscular injection was administered. There was no statistical difference in the 50kHz UV between the two groups when the first and second injections were administered. Conclusion: This study found that touching was an effective intervention method to reduce negative emotions and pain in rats receiving their first intramuscular injection.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.337-347
• /
• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of spiritual nursing intervention on anxiety and depression of the hospice patients. Method: It was devised with a quasiexperimental design using non-equivalent control group pre-post design. The data was from July 10 to September 25 in 2000 at the general hospital in CheonJu city. Subjects were 37 members of the experimental group and 30 members of the control. The tools were used Spielberger's State Anxiety Scale and Zung's Depression Inventory. The spiritual nursing intervention was carried out through Hymn, Scripture, Prayer, the therapeutic ues of self. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test. Result: 1. After the spiritual nursing intervention, state anxiety of the experimental group was lower than those of the control (t=-5.987, p=0.000). 2. After the spiritual nursing intervention, depression of the experimental group were lower than those of the control (t=-9.128, p=0.000). Conclusion: The hospice patients who were offered spiritual nursing intervention had lower anxiety & depression than not offered it. According to these results, it can be regarded as an effective one that relieved anxiety and depression of the hospice patients.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.287-311
• /
• 2003

This comparative study is on divisions of religion, subdivisions of religion, standard subdivisions, and divisions of Christianity in the KDC 4th ed., DDC 21h ed., & LCC 3th ed. It selects the subjects as \circled1 Christianity theology, \circled2 Jesus Christ, \circled3 The Bible, \circled4 Devotional literature & life, \circled5 Evangelism, education; pastoral theology, \circled6 Ecclesiastical theology, \circled7 Worship, sacrament, \circled8 Denominations which are the divisions of Christianity in KDC 4th ed. It wants to be devoted fer the development of the schedules for Christianity.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2018

Background: the self-regulating in adolescent's smokers as prevention is one of the lines of the work team in the consultation of Ceasing Tobacco. Objective: to identify the factors of risks that impact in the self-regulation to prevent the tobacco in adolescents. The investigation embraced one period from March 2017 to September 2018. Method: a descriptive study of traverse court was used. Registered to 31 students for sampling intentional non probabilistic, of an universe of 50 adolescent students. It was used empiric methods; clinical histories, interviews structured and the questionnaire. Conclusion: the female sex prevailed, where 54,8 % between the 12 to 19 years of age. Results: the incidence the factors of risks that impact in the self-regulation to prevent the tobacco in adolescents are the group contagion with 54,7 %, family problems for a 29,0 % and situational depression with 16,1 %, where it is necessary the self-regulation that should have the adolescents in the life.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
• /
• v.61
• /
• pp.109-129
• /
• 2020

This study reflects the regional context of Northeast Asian countries embodied in US-North Korean nuclear tension. The researcher uses the methodological inquiry of practical theology to analyze the political affairs and intertwine with religious education. The ecology of religious education to dismantle the threat of ethnic and racial discrimination such as white supremacy supports a shared pedagogy between students and their teachers in the narrative of Jesus to challenge all forms of oppression as the democratic presence of God.