• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.1 s.38
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• pp.49-53
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• 1979

Paddy lands around industrial areas in Gyeonggi and Jeonbuk provinces are increasingly concerned about pollution by heavy metals. This stimulated the quantitative analysis of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium in the soil from the aress concerned. Results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Heavy metal contents of the soil from Sue-Myun, Siheung-Gun, Gyunggi province were 20.95 ppm of Cu, 226.46 ppm of Zn, 84.17 ppm of Pb, and 2.62 ppm of Cd, respectively. Those of Anyang, Kimpo, and Jeonbuk areas were as low as the natural background levels, about 10 ppm. 2. The contentration of heavy metals of the river valley soils tended to increase from upper stream to the lower. This seemed to be caused by the fact tat disposed water from plants flows to the lower stream and metals contained in the water accummlate in the soils around the lower stream. 3. Cadmium content was exceptionally lower than 0.2 ppm in all the areas tested. The present concentartion of cadmium is not of the extent to which any injury could occur to rice plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sowing times (May 25, June 10, June 25, July 10, and July 25) on growth and yield of four proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) cultivars (Hwanggeumkijang, Manghongchal, Ibaekchal, and Hwangsilchal) at a cultivation area in Iksan, Jeonbuk Province. Heading and ripening times were delayed, with later sowing times in all cultivars, and the periods for heading and ripening were shortened. For sowing from May 25 to July 25, the growth stage was shorter by 40 days in Manghongchal, 38 days in Hwanggeumkijang, 36 days in Hwangsilchal, and 30 days in Ibaekchal. The culm length, ear length, ear width, and culm diameter differed significantly between the cultivars and sowing times. In particular, the culm and ear lengths were considerably reduced when the sowing time was delayed. The grain yield (kg/10a) of Hwanggeumkijang and Ibaekchal was 312 and 359 kg, respectively, for sowing on June 10; and that of Manhongchal and Hwangsilchal was 286 and 404 kg, respectively, for sowing on June 25. Thus, the optimum sowing time was June 25 for Hwanggeumkijang and Ibaekchal, and June 10 for Manhongchal and Hwangsilchal.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2010

During the period from 1999 to 2008, we surveyed the major diseases incidence of rice in Korea. Leaf blast showed 0.85% of the diseased leaf area in 2000 and then consistently decreased to 0.02% by 2008. However, panicle blast irregularly appeared by the years depending on weather conditions for disease development from heading to milk stage of rice. Diseased lesion height of sheath blight had the lowest (10.1%) incidence in 2001 and the highest (21.4%) incidence in 2007. A negative corelation ($r=-0.88^*$) was measured between diseased lesion height of sheat blight and sunshine hours from mid- to late August. In Chunbuk, Gyeongbuk, and Gyeongnam provinces, brown spot occurrence declined since 2001, however, in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeonnam provinces, it increased since 2005. False smut drastically decreased after showing the highest incidence of 7.59% in panicles in 2000. The correlation coefficient between diseased panicles of false smut and rainfall during the late August was calculated as $0.94^{**}$. Bacterial leaf blight severely increased in the chronically infested fields in Jeonnam, Jeonbuk, Gyeongnam, and Chungnam province since 2003.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.509-514
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• 2015

Indicators of environmental conditions qualitatively and quantitatively describe the state of the environment and natural resources, and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has initiated and suggested AEIs (Agri-Environmental Indicators) to assess trends over time of the effects of agriculture on the environment and the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural and environmental policy measures since 1990's. This study aims to develop the state indicators of water quality for agricultural water, surface and groundwater, to evaluate the environmental impacts of agricultural activities and policies by qualifying the environmental levels of a nation. Status indicators were calculated according to the agricultural water quality standards of OECD and Korea, and their trends were analyzed over time. Particularly, nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$) status indicators of ground water in 2013 were significantly lower than the ones in 2000. Overall, the water quality indicators of surface water in 2013 were higher than the ones in 2012, except for pH and DO. The groundwater quality indicators in 2013 were lower than those of previous years. The optimal management indicators were calculated to assess agricultural surface water and groundwater quality. The findings of this study indicated that the state indicators could play a significant role to establish policies and procedures for managing and conserving water resources. This study also discussed water pollution caused by agricultural and industrial effluents.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the MC1R genotypes of the Chikso (Korean brindle cattle) sires on the coat colors of their offspring. In this study, 15 Chikso sires with known MC1R genotypes were used for breeding in the Gangwon Province Livestock Research Center, the Chungbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research, and the Livestock Experiment Station, Jeonbuk Institute of Livestock and Veterinary Research from either 2011 or 2012 to 2013. There were 6 sires with $E^+E^+$ genotypes and 9 sires with $E^+e$ genotypes, and their coat colors were all whole brindle (more than 50 of the body). Among the 90 calves produced in 2011~2013 or 2012~2013 from the 15 sires, 50 (55.6%) of them were females and 40 (44.4%) of them were males. Coat colors of the offspring were determined when they reached over 6 months of age. Calves with whole brindle, part brindle, brown and black coat colors were 42 (48.3%), 11 (12.6%), 18 (20.7%) and 16 (18.4%), respectively. Ratio of calves with whole brindle coat color was higher than any other coat colors. Among the offspring with whole brindle color, 20 (41.7%) calves were female and 22 (51.3%) calves were male. By determining the MC1R genotypes of the dams and calves in this study along the family lines, and investigating other genes that may be involved in the coat colors of the Chikso, better breeding system may be established to increase the brindle coat color appearance in the future.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.270-274
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• 2014

Division of Forest Diseases & Insect Pests, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 130-712, Korea The objective of this study was to evaluate the virulence of geographically different isolates of oak wilt pathogen, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae and other Raffaelea species. In this study, mature trees of Quercus mongolica were inoculated with the various isolates of Raffaelea spp. and their virulence was evaluated by measuring the extent of sapwood discoloration resulting from the inoculation. The average length of discolored sapwood in a lateral direction was longest in the trees inoculated with the isolates from Korea (8.69 cm) followed by R. quercivora (7.51 cm) and the other Raffaelea spp. (3.35 cm). The lateral length of discolored sapwood caused by the inoculation with Korean strains varied from 4.71 to 14.90 cm indicating their differences in virulence. The area of discolored sapwood caused by the inoculation with Raffaelea spp. varied from 1.57 to $8.42cm^2$ indicating their differences in virulence. Based on the length and area of the discolored sapwoods, isolated YY and wj43 appeared to have the highest virulence among all the Raffaelea isolates tested. Each of the two isolates was obtained from Gangwon Province and Jeonbuk Province, respectively.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-91
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• 2008

In order to investigate the complaint rates of subjective fatigue symptoms and the degree of job-satisfaction among dental hygienists based on their socio-demographic and job characteristics and to find out the factors related with subjective fatigue symptoms and job satisfaction. The study subjects were recruited from 274 dental hygienists who worked at dental hospitals and clinics in Daejon city and South Chungcheong Province during the period between Jan. 5 and Feb. 11, 2008. They were asked to complete the self-administered questionnaires asking about their socio-demographic characteristics. job characteristics. daily life styles, job satisfaction and subjective fatigue symptoms, and the major finding of the results were as follows : 1. The mean scores of job satisfaction were 3.12V0.47 of the total full scores(5.00). and the highest scores were in the sub-domain of interpersonal relationship. and the lowest scores were pay. The scores of job satisfaction by socio-demographic characteristics and daily life styles were not significantly differences, but in job characteristics, significantly increased with those feeling satisfied with their job. those with appropriate amount of duty amount, those free of jop autonomy, those feeling satisfied with their monthly income. satisfactory personal relations at work. 2. The mean scores of subjective fatigue symptoms were 27.6V10.9 of the total full scores(60.0), and the highest scores were in the sub-group of bodily projection of fatigue(Group III), and they were followed by difficulty in concentration(Group II). dullness and sleepness(Group I) in their decreasing order of magnitude. The scores of job satisfaction by socio-demographic characteristics and daily life styles were significantly increased with the group of lower age, the group of irregularly breakfast habit and the worse subjective health status. Based on job characteristics. the score of subjective fatigue symptoms were significantly increased with those group of lower clinical career and monthly income, those feeling unsatisfied with their job, those with inappropriate amount of duty amount. those satisfactory personal relations at work 3. The correlation of subjective fatigue symptoms with job satisfaction showed a negative correlation with rM-0.198(pM0.000), and job satisfaction were higher according to the lower subjective fatigue symptoms. The correlation among the scores of sub-domain of job satisfaction and the sub-group of subjective fatigue symptoms were significantly positive correlation. 4. The affecting factors of significance on job satisfaction included clinical career, duty amount salary satisfaction, with the explanatory power of 32.9%. Those on subjective fatigue symptoms included the eucation and the subjective health statuts, with the explanatory power of 20.8%. When considering these results, the job-satisfaction and the subjective fatigue symptoms were significantly correlated with the job related factors than factors of socio-demographic characteristics and daily life styles. In addition. if job environments of dental hygienist can improved. their job-satisfaction and subjective fatigue symptoms are suggested to be betters.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2009

During the period of June, 2005 to May, 2008, 44 host plants infected with powdery mildew were collected in the Jeon-ju and Jang-su districts of Jeonbuk province and in the Jang-sung district of Jeonnam province. The hyperparasites, Ampelomyces were confirmed in 12 plant species. Most of the pycnidium shapes of Ampelomyces were circular or oval shaped, and the sizes were different even within the same host plant, and also the color of pycnidium was ranged from light brown to dark brown. Ampelomyces species were isolated from 4 hosts including Impatiens balsamina L., Cucurbita pepo, Rudbeckia laciniata var. elatier and Youngia sonchifolia, and thus the most appropriate 12 Ampelomyces strains for the current experiment were selected. When analyzing the selected 12 strains' incubational and nutritional characteristics, the malt extract agar was the most appropriate media. When investigating the effect of osmotic pressure on the spore germination, 0.15M NaCl concentration was the optimum germination concentration. When the isolated Ampelomyces sp. was tested in-vitro, it was found to be effective to control in other plant pathogens, isolated Ampelomyces showed no pathogenicity to the plant. strains isolated . studied on rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The rDNA ITS sequence data of Ampelomyces sp. isolate BSLAH16 from Impatiens balsamina L. were analyzed and identified.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2011

In order to predict the risk of anthracnose on hot pepper in the future, the projected climate data from SRES A1B scenario in South Korea were used with the modified anthracnose model to calculate Infection Risk (IR), which was to estimate the number of fungicide sprays. Based on daily temperature and precipitation, the anthracnose model resulted in an empirical relationship that IR = (Daily temperature - $16^{\circ}C$) ${\times}$ 0.07 + (Daily precipitation ${\times}$ 0.11). For 135 locations in South Korea, the total number of fungicide sprays needed from 2011 to 2100 was 12,150, indicating a complicated change with an overall increase in anthracnose development in all locations until 2100. In particular, radical changes in anthracnose development were predicted at Yeongdeok, Yeongyang, and Uiseong, whereas gradual changes were predicted at Heongsung, Hamyang and Taean. The eastern counties of Gyeongbuk Province, which ar the major plantation area in these days, would be the place with the highest disease pressure in the future. In addition, the years of 2058, 61, 78 and 2096 will be most severe, requiring 8-11 times of fungicide spraying. The GIS maps show that the mountain areas of Jeonbuk and Chungbuk Province would have the least disease pressure of anthracnose in the future.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.573-582
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• 2008

We report a newly found natural habitat of Abeliophyllum distichum in mountainous slope range of Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk Province. Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai is one of the Korean monotypic endemic species. Natural growth habitats of this species have been recorded from seven sites up to now, and all of the natural habitats are located in middle (Chungbuk Prov.) and middle west (Jeonbuk Prov.) parts of South Korea. Among the previously recorded seven natural habitats, six sites have been designated as Korean national monuments and protected with in situ conservation. New natural habitat of A. distichum is located on northwest slope of stiff hillock area beside the small stream, Seolgye-ri, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungbuk Province. Total growing area is nearly $3,000 m^2$. It is 10-25 cm in soil depth and pH 5.0-6.5 in soil acidity in that area. And many of A. distichum are clustered with 2-5 individuals extended by stoloniferous asexual reproduction. And the total numbers of A. distichum are about 700 individuals with only typical white flowers, and the ratio between pin type and thrum type is 37% and 63%, respectively. The huge population of A. distichum is growing with Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla association in a mixed forest, and it shows high affinity with Stephanandra incisa, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Euonymus alatus for. ciliatodentatus, and Smilax sieboldi.