• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Formant trajectories reflect the continuous variation of speakers' articulatory movements over time. This study examined formant trajectories of English vowels produced by ninety-three American men and women; the values were normalized using the scale function in R and compared using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). Praat was used to read the sound data of Hillenbrand et al. (1995). A formant analysis script was prepared, and six formant values at the corresponding time points within each vowel segment were collected. The results indicate that women yielded proportionately higher formant values than men. The standard deviations of each group showed similar patterns at the first formant (F1) and the second formant (F2) axes and at the measurement points. R was used to scale the first two formant data sets of men and women separately. GAMMs of all the scaled formant data produced various patterns of deviation along the measurement points. Generally, more group difference exists in F1 than in F2. Also, women's trajectories appear more dynamic along the vertical and horizontal axes than those of men. The trajectories are related acoustically to F1 and F2 and anatomically to jaw opening and tongue position. We conclude that scaling and nonlinear testing are useful tools for pinpointing differences between speaker group's formant trajectories. This research could be useful as a foundation for future studies comparing curvilinear data sets.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.223-225
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• 2014

A 8-year-old, castrated male Maltese with difficulty in opening his mouth was presented. Masticatory muscle myositis (MMM) was diagnosed by 2M antibody test. After treatment of MMM with corticosteroids, range of jaw motion improved and was almost normal at 5 months. In dogs with MMM, early detection and aggressive immunosuppressive therapy are required to improve the prognosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.181-185
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• 1998

Recently, research and developmental direction of communication system is concurrent adopting voice data and face image in speaking to provide more higher recognition rate then in the case of only voice data. Therefore, we present a method of lipreading in speech image sequence by using the 3-D facial shape model. The method use a feature information of the face image such as the opening-level of lip, the movement of jaw, and the projection height of lip. At first, we adjust the 3-D face model to speeching face image sequence. Then, to get a feature information we compute variance quantity from adjusted 3-D shape model of image sequence and use the variance quality of the adjusted 3-D model as recognition parameters. We use the intensity inclination values which obtaining from the variance in 3-D feature points as the separation of recognition units from the sequential image. After then, we use discrete HMM algorithm at recognition process, depending on multiple observation sequence which considers the variance of 3-D feature point fully. As a result of recognition experiment with the 8 Korean vowels and 2 Korean consonants, we have about 80% of recognition rate for the plosives and vowels.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.389-423
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• 1998

This investigation was designed to determine the effectiveness of the posterior occlusal schemes on masticatory activity during mastication in complete denture. Twelve edentulous subjects were selected for this study. All subjects had no past history and no functional abnormality on masticatory system and TMjoint. And, they had residual ridge of favorable morphology, firm mucosa and Class I skeletal jaw relationship, Twelve experimental denture with interchangeable occlusions(0-degree teeth, 30-degree teeth, Levin teeth and S-A teeth) were constructed for this study. The masticatory performance was analyzed by means of standard sieve(10, 16, 20, 30sieve), and the electrical activity from selected muscles(Temporalis and Masseter muscle) was recorded simultaneously with electromyography (Bio-Pak system) as the subject masticated test foods (rice, peanut and gum) with four different occlusal schemes. Mandibular movement was, also, measured with Sirognathography(Bio-Pak system). These recordings were performed in immediately, after 1 week and after 2 weeks of insertion of complete denture. The results were as fellows; 1. The average masticatory performance of 0-degree artificial teeth was higher than any other artificial teeth. 2. Masticatory performance in denture wearer was affected preferentially by food and artificial occlusal schemes. 3. During chewing, there was a statistical difference of EMG activity between masseter and temporal muscle(p<0.01). Especially, EMG activity of working masticatory muscle was highly affected by food rather than by artificial occlusal schemes. 4. In denture wearer, the velocity of opening was not affected by food, whereas, the velocity of closing was faster in soft food chewing than in hard food chewing, and the amount of vertical displacement was grater in chewing of soft and large bolus than in chewing of hard and small bolus. However, the amount of lateral displacement showed conversely(p<0.05). 5. It was considered that masticatory performance in denture wearer is not affected by the condition of residual ridge. the history of denture wear, the preference, the adaptation to artificial teeth and the total mesiodistal length of artificial posterior teeth.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2003

Objectives : The pain was induced on upper and lower incisor of the rat based on the theory of 'connections of upper incisor pain with stomach meridian and lower incisor pain with large intestine meridian'. Such acupoints as LI4 and ST36 were used for alleviation of upper and lower incisor pain. Methods : The digastric myogram (dEMG) was utilized for the pain measurement. Results : The ST36 acupuncture after induction of upper incisor pain was gradually decreased or increased the dEMG. The LI4 acupuncture after induction of upper incisor pain was gradually decreased the dEMG. The ST36+LI4 acupuncture after induction of upper incisor pain was gradually decreased the dEMG. We knew this thing which the ST36+LI4 acupuncture decreased the dEMG most greatly and kept long compared to ST36 acupuncture, LI4 acupuncture. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment at the loci of not only ST36 acupuncture but LI4 acupuncture were relieved the upper incisor pain. It was well suitable to the theory 'connections of upper incisor pain with stomach meridian' that ST36 acupuncture decreased the upper incisor pain. But there was not to decrease the dEMG for the ST36 acupuncture. We are considered as tracing study continuously about ST36 acupuncture. It was not suitable to the theory 'connections of upper incisor pain with stomach meridian' that LI4 acupuncture decreased the upper incisor pain. These results was considered as the function by the characteristic of the LI4 acupoint.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2001

The pain was induced on upper and lower incisor of the rat based on the theory of 'connections of upper incisor pain with stomach meridian and lower incisor pain with large intestine meridian'. Such acupoints as ST36 and LI4 were used for alleviation of upper and lower incisor pain. The digastric myogram (dEMG) was utilized for the pain measurement. The upper incisor pain was gradually decreased during ST36 stimulation and significant differences were observed at 20 and 25 minute point during 60 minutes study. The upper incisor pain was gradually decreased during LI4 acupuncture and 20 minute was the only point that showed a significant difference. The alleviation of lower incisor pain was not obvious during the ST36 acupuncture. The lower incisor pain was gradually decreased during LI4 stimulation with significant differences at 15, 20 and 40 minute point. In conclusion, the upper incisor pain was relieved with ST36 and LI4 acupuncture while LI4 was effective on the lower incisor pain alleviation based on the theory of 'connections of upper incisor pain with stomach meridian and lower incisor pain with large intestine meridian'.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2014

Background: Maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) is usually used to treat double mandibular fractures. However, advancements in reduction and fixation techniques may allow recovery of the premorbid dental arch and occlusion without the use of MMF. We investigated whether anatomical reduction and microplate fixation without MMF could provide secure immobilization and correct occlusion in double mandibular fractures. Methods: Thirty-four patients with double mandibular fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation without MMF. Both fracture sites were surgically treated. For bony fixations, we used microplates with or without wire. After reduction, each fracture site was fixed at two or three points to maintain anatomical alignment of the mandible. Interdental wiring was used to reduce the fracture at the superior border and to enhance stability for 6 weeks. Mouth opening was permitted immediately. Results: No major complications were observed, including infection, plate exposure, non-union, or significant malocclusion. Five patients experienced minor complications, among whom the only one patient experienced a persistant but mild malocclusion with no need for additional management. Conclusion: This study showed that double mandibular fractures correction with two-or three-point fixation without MMF simplified the surgical procedure, increased patient comfort, and reduced complications, due to good stability and excellent adaptation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.231-236
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• 2006

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is an of autoimmune inflammatory systemic disease. It is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of synovial tissue and a wide array multisystem comorbidities. The disease may involve any joint of the body, but often statrs in the peripheral joints. It was reported that more than 50% of RA patients exhibit clinical involvement of TMJ. This report is a case report of dental management and progression for 16 months in patients who had severe bony change in TMJ involved rheumatoid arthritis Dental management was included palliative treatment such as interocclusal splints, physical therapy, mouth opening exercise. Although it was progressed rapidly osteolytic bone change during follow-up, no more advanced occulsal change and improved symptom and jaw motion. Further investigations about rule of dentistry in TMJ involvement in RA maybe needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.539-573
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• 1996

This investigation was designed to determine the effectiveness of the posterior occlusal schemes on masticatory activity during mastication in complete denture. Twelve edentulous subjects were selected for this study. All subjects had no past history and no functional abnormality on masticatory system and TMjoint. And, they had residual ridge of favorable morphology, firm mucosa and Class I skeletal jaw relationship, Twelve experimental denture with interchangeable occlusions(0-degree teeth, 30-degree teeth, Levin teeth and S-A teeth) were constructed for this study. The masticatory performance was analyzed by means of standard sieve(10, 16, 20, 30sieve), and the electrical activity from selected muscles(Temporalis and Masseter muscle) was recorded simultaneously with electromyography(Bio-Pak system) as the subject masticated test foods (rice, peanut and gum) with four different occlusal schemes. Mandibular movement was, also, measured with Sirognathography(Bio-Pak system). These recordings were performed in immediately, after 1 week and after 2 weeks of insertion of complete denture. The results were as follows; 1. The average masticatory performance of 0-degree artificial teeth was higher than any other artificial teeth. 2. Masticatory performance in denture wearer was affected preferentially by food and artificial occlusal schemes. 3. During chewing, there was a statistical difference of EMG activity between masseter and temporal muscle(p<0.01). Especially, EMG activity of working masticatory muscle was highly affected by food rather than by artificial occlusal schemes. 4. In denture wearer, the velocity of opening was not affected by food, whereas, the velocity of closing was faster in soft food chewing than in hard food chewing, and the amount of vertical displacement was grater in chewing of soft and large bolus than in chewing of hard and small bolus. However, the amount of lateral displacement showed conversely (p<0.05). 5. It was considered that masticatory performance in denture wearer is not affected by the condition of residual ridge, the history of denture wear, the preference, the adaptation to artificial teeth and the total mesiodistal length of artificial posterior teeth.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.783-788
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• 2002

Recently, research and developmental direction of communication system is concurrent adopting voice data and face image in speaking to provide more higher recognition rate then in the case of only voice data. Therefore, we present a method of lipreading in speech image sequence by using the 3-D facial shape model. The method use a feature information of the face image such as the opening-level of lip, the movement of jaw, and the projection height of lip. At first, we adjust the 3-D face model to speeching face Image sequence. Then, to get a feature information we compute variance quantity from adjusted 3-D shape model of image sequence and use the variance quality of the adjusted 3-D model as recognition parameters. We use the intensity inclination values which obtaining from the variance in 3-D feature points as the separation of recognition units from the sequential image. After then, we use discrete HMM algorithm at recognition process, depending on multiple observation sequence which considers the variance of 3-D feature point fully. As a result of recognition experiment with the 8 Korean vowels and 2 Korean consonants, we have about 80% of recognition rate for the plosives md vowels.