• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.30
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• pp.167-186
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• 2013

The purpose of this article is to consider the usage of 'mosu' and 'haberi' in "Shasekishu" written in middle Japanese. In old Japanese, 'mosu' and 'haberi' was used as a modest usage. In middle Japanese, however, the term came to be used in the way to pay respect to the hearer with the shift of its usage, further, in 'jinobun', the writer is using it in the stylistic usage which plays a significant role in providing aesthetic effect for many unspecified readers. As a device to express the honorific forms in middle Japanese, the stylistic usage is claimed to be found with other literary works as well as "Shasekishu".

• Asia Pacific Journal of Corpus Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2023

The Japanese language, as a typical agglutinating language, permits large noun phrases (NP) containing ten or more morphemes. In this paper, we argue that the nature of the NP in Japanese is changing. Our data are drawn from the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese. We conduct a series of apparent-time studies of ongoing changes in complex NPs. We first examine the length of compound nouns, followed by the usage of bound suffixes. We then examine ongoing changes in complex NPs that contain genitive case markers. Finally, we examine noun incorporation. All of our studies show a trend towards shorter, less complex NPs. Furthermore, our results suggest that the usage rate of phrases that modify the noun inside the NP (compound nouns, bound nouns, NPs containing genitive case, noun incorporation) appears to be decreasing over time. On the other hand, the usage rate of modifying material outside of the NP (positional phrases, relative clauses) appears to be increasing over time. We conclude by suggesting that our results reflect a diachronic change of decreasing synthetic morphology and increasing analytic morphology. We end by pointing out the implications of this work on our understanding syntheticity and analyticity.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.145-159
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• 2005

The main purpose of this study is to statistically analyze the difference between Korea and Japan's consumer attitudes towards e-commerce through the use of auction websites. Here are the results. First, there was a significant difference between the Korean user's attitude and the Japanese user's attitude towards Internet usage; especially, the Japanese user's attitude towards convenience showed a much higher degree than that of the Korean user. Second, Korean users preferred brand image to price, while Japanese users preferred price to brand image. Third, both the Korean users and the Japanese showed a positive relationship between Internet usage and the use of e-commerce. In contrast to the Korean user's frequent use of the bulletin board, Japanese users tended to use the bulletin board less frequently.

• Architectural research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2016

This study investigates the course of transformation of the capital city of the Korean Empire into a colonial city during the Japanese rule by focusing on state-owned lands at and near #193, 2nd jeongmok(丁目), Hwanggeum-jeong(黃金町) in Keijo(京城). The study reveals that although the colonial rulers had made it apparent that they acted in the benefit of the Korean Empire, in reality, they had taken dexterous and gradual steps to change the purpose of the lands in order to utilize them as desired. Briefly, the usage of the lands was changed several times from Daedong-gurakbu(大同俱樂部) to Gyeongseong Exposition(京城博覽會) and to Nongsanggongbu Office(農 商工部) up until the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty. Following this, the lands were bestowed upon the pro-Japanese, including Guijokhoigwan(貴族會館), as a means of Japan's assimilation policy. The changes in the usage of the buildings on the lands and the land use show how the rulers' intentions were reflected in the space of the ruled.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

There are 18,638 insect species recorded in Korea, representing 35.4% of Korean Biodiversity (52,628). In this study, we classified Korean common name into 11 categories (color, size, shape, plant, location, ecology, foreign language, personal name, native, physiology, positive/negative) and assigned every species into each categories and researched the meaning of Korean common names. We conducted further analysis on 506 cases of hate speech (disability, racial·regional·appearance discriminations). Also we analyzed 508 cases of Japanese expressions (person's name, place name, Japanese language), and proposed alternative words in case of inappropriate usages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2010

A survey on the quality improvement and preference for green onion kimchi by Chinese and Japanese consumers was conducted by 30 Korean specialists in order to develop an improved green onion kimchi product. The long green onion shape, kimchi juice, seasonings, off-odor of fermented sea food, and stimulatory flavor of green onion were the main issues considered for the improvement of green onion product. Usage of the favorite ingredients of the Chinese and Japanese consumers was also suggested. The percentages of Chinese and Japanese who already knew green onion kimchi were 54.1% and 30.3%, respectively, whereas 46.8% of Chinese and 28.1% of Japanese have actually tried green onion kimchi in Korea. There was no significant difference in the preference for green onion kimchi between Chinese (3.25/5.0) and Japanese (3.17/5.0) consumers. For recommendations for improving the quality of green onion, Chinese consumers thought off-flavor, fibrous texture, and fermentation level were more significant while the Japanese considered red color, various taste, MSG content, and length of green onion. Seasoned tofu with green onion and rice were suggested as complementary foods to green onion kimchi by the Chinese and Japanese, respectively.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.213-235
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to present preliminary results from an ongoing large-scale study of English-language future goal orientations held by Japanese university students. The work here involves an investigation of learners in multiple disciplines, from five universities, both public and private, in the Kanto-region of Japan, and their perspective on their future use of English. The results summarize written essays on L2-goal orientations. Preliminary results indicate Japanese learners (n = 629) as a whole have disparate L2-learning goals; however, these can be summarized into four broad categories: career, personal life, study, and general; and early findings indicate that most learners (63.56%) are oriented to career or personal goal orientations, while others are oriented to study and general. These early results help us to gain a better understanding of the future goals of Japanese university learners and their views of English usage in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.808-816
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to compare the American, Chinese, and Japanese consumers' usage behavior of marketing communication towards overseas Korean restaurants. The survey included both on and off-line method and self-administered questionnaires were written in three languages- English, Chinese and Japanese. The sample was collected from 5 hub cities for globalization of Korean food- LA, New York, Tokyo, Beijing, and Shanghai. The most important factor of searching for Korean restaurants-related information was 'the interaction' and the least one was 'the diversity'. The most commonly informed Korean restaurants-related content through the on and off-line media was 'the general information, such as location, telephone number, and operation hour'. Korean restaurants-related content that the respondents' most interested in was 'the information of menu and price'. Results of this study can expectedly be used from a practical point of view by providing empirical data of foreign consumers for effective marketing communication strategies of overseas Korean restaurants.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2005

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.54-57
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• 2014

This paper investigated the influence of foreign words, otherwise known as loan words, on global communication abilities of university students from two non English-speaking countries: Korea and Japan. To survey the understanding and usage of foreign words which are from English language and used frequently in daily conversation, questionnaires were administered to Korean and Japanese university students majoring in engineering who shared similar linguistic backgrounds. The results were analyzed from global communication viewpoint. Based on the results, methods for improving global communication skills in engineering education were proposed.