• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.291-299
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• 1997

This study was accomplished to investigate the prevalence of obesity in 371 Kumi-city middle school students. The means of this study were anthropometric measurement and questionnaires about nutrient intake and energy expenditure. Anthropometric measurements were height, weight, arm circumference and skinfold thickness(biceps, triceps, subscapular, supraliac, calf). The results obtained are as follows: Energy, calcium, iron intake for boys were lower than RDA. Iron intake was low in girls. Energy intake is lower than energy expenditure and RDA for boys. Energy intake, energy expenditure and RDA for girls were balanced. The average height, weight and arm circumference of boys were respectively 160.0cm, 49.4kg, 23.1cm and those of girls were respectively 155.9cm, 48.9kg, 22.6cm. Prevalence of obesity was respectively 5%, 4%, 7%, 4%, 59%, 15%, 14%, 24% for boys and 6%, 10%, 13%, 9%, 30%, 7%, 1%, 3496 for girls by RBW, BMI, RI, OI, %Fat I, %FatII, %FatIII, triceps. Correlation between subscapular skinfold thickness and BMI, RI, OI and %FatII showed high.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

Somatic cell counts (SCCs) of goat milk can vary widely depending on the counting methods used and non-pathogenic factors; the goat milk industry can be threatened by establishment of a legal standard based on the findings in cow milk. In Korea, SCCs have been excluded from the items that are analyzed under the "Livestock Products Processing and Composition Standards" in accordance with a recent NVRQS Notice amendment. From April to October, SCCs of 150 goat milk samples from 2 farms were analyzed using a Somascope calibrated with standard goat milk samples. Average SCCs of the samples was 598,000/mL, and significant differences were not found between farms and between breeds. SCCs increased from 3 to 8 months after delivery.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2019

We performed MLSA (multilocus sequence analysis) and phenotypic characterization of Aliivibrio species isolated from walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) maintained in 3 different facilities of Gangwon Province, the east coast of Korea. Of 38 Aliivibrio species identified by 16S rDNA sequences, 12 strains were randomly selected and MLSA was conducted with 5 house-keeping genes (gapA, gyrB, pyrH, recA and rpoA) and 16S rDNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis and homology of the concatenated sequences (4,580 bp) with other Vibrionaceae genera revealed that 4 strains (GNGc16.1, YYGc16.1, YYGc16.2, GSGc18.1) were identified as Aliivibrio logei and one strain (GSGc16.1) as A. wodanis. One strain (GSGc17.1) was tentatively identified as A. logei, but needs further analysis because it did not belong to the same clade with A. logei type strain. 6 strains (GSGc17.2, GNGc16.2, GSGc16.2, GSGc17.3, GSGc18.2, GSGc17.4) need further investigation as potential novel species. Either phenotypic characterization or 16S rDNA sequence alone did not provide enough information for identification of Aliivibrio strains at the species level. A. logei and A. wodanis are generally known as non-pathogenic bacteria, but also known as opportunistic or secondary pathogens of cold water fishes. Cares should be taken to prevent potential outbreaks due to these bacteria, although there was no outbreaks during the sampling period.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-allergy activities of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) on a phthalic anhydride (PA)-induced allergic mouse model. A human leukemic mast cell line (HMC-1) was used to examine the inhibitory activity of PLE on the histamine release by human leukemic mast cells. PLE inhibited histamine release from HMC-1 cells in response to cross-linkage of high-affinity IgE receptor-${\alpha}$ ($Fc{\varepsilon}RI{\alpha}$). Additionally, a PA-induced allergic mouse model was used to investigate the effects of PLE in vivo. Mice were orally administrated with or without PLE of single dose (250 mg/kg/day) for 31 days. Oral intake of PLE significantly inhibited passive cutaneous reactions. Oral administration of PLE to PA-induced allergic mice also led to a striking suppression of the development of contact dermatitis, ear swelling and lymph node weight. In addition, PA-specific IL-4 production of draining lymph node cells was markedly diminished by PLE oral administration, but not IFN-${\gamma}$. Furthermore, PLE treatment suppressed PA-induced thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (CCL17) and cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CCL27) expressions in ear tissues. Based on these results, we suggest that PLE may have therapeutic potential as an effective material for management of irritant contact dermatitis or related inflammatory diseases.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.230-240
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• 2013

Human powered aircraft: the aim is to fly only by human power, features many challenging issues. Contrary to the general aircraft operated by an engine, human powered aircraft, that manoeuvres by lower power, requires additional consideration about weight, material, aerodynamical and structural analysis. Since this aircraft flies at a low speed, low Reynolds number flight will need to be taken into account. In this paper, SNU (Seoul National University) Human Powered Aircraft was designed by comparing it with the existing human power aircrafts, as well as by using theoretical analysis that obtains the design parameters. Also, this paper discuss about the manufacturing process using composite material for real human powered aircraft.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.164-170
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• 2022

Background: When cells are damaged by nicotine, cellular senescence due to oxidative stress accelerates. In addition, stress-induced inflammatory response and cellular senescence cause the accumulation of damaged organelles in cells, and autophagy appears to remove them. Conversely, when autophagy is reduced, harmful cell components accumulate, and aging is accelerated. This study aimed to determine the association between nicotine-induced cellular senescence and autophagy expression patterns in human gingival fibroblasts. Methods: Cells were treated with various concentrations of nicotine (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 mM) and 10 nM rapamycin was added to 1 mM nicotine to investigate the relationship between autophagy and cellular senescence. Cell viability was confirmed using WST-8 and the degree of cellular senescence was measured by SA-β-gal staining. The expression of the inflammatory proteins (COX-2 and iNOS) and autophagy markers (LC3-II, p62, and Beclin-1) was analyzed by western blotting. Results: The cell viability tended to decrease in a concentration-dependent manner. COX-2 showed no concentration-dependent expression and iNOS increased in the 0.5 mM nicotine treated group. The degree of cellular senescence was the highest in the 1 mM nicotine treatment group. In the group treated with rapamycin and nicotine, the conversion ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I was the highest, that of p62 was the lowest, and the level of Beclin-1 proteins was significantly increased. Furthermore, the degree of cellular senescence was reduced in the group in which rapamycin was added to nicotine compared to that in the group treated with nicotine alone. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that autophagy activated in an aging environment reduces cellular senescence to a certain some extent.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.319-330
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare SYBR Green qPCR, TaqMan, and bacterial selective medium cultures for accurate quantitative analysis of oral microorganisms. Methods: The SYBR Green method is widely used to analyze the total amount of oral microorganisms in oral saliva. However, in this study, MTR-PCR method based on TaqMan method was performed using newly developed primers and probes. In addition, it was designed to confirm the detection agreement of bacteria among bacteria detection method. Results: As a result of MRT-PCR and SYBR Green qPCR analysis, more than 40 times (0.9-362.9 times) bacterium was detected by MRT-PCR. In addition, more bacteria were detected in saliva in the order of MRT-PCR, SYBR Green qPCR, and bacterium culture, and the results of MRB-PCR and SYBR Green qPCR showed the highest agreement. The agreement between the three methods for detecting P. intermedia was similar between 71.4 and 88.6%, but the agreement between MRT-PCR and SYBR Green qPCR was 80% for S. mutans. Among them, the number of total bacteria, P. intermedia and S. mutans bacteria in saliva was higher than that of SYBR Green qPCR method, and bacterium culture method by MRT-PCR method. P. intermedia and S. mutans in saliva were detected by MRT-PCR and MRT-PCR in 88.6% of cases, followed by the SYBR Green qPCR method (80.0%). Conclusions: The SYBR Green qPCR method is the same molecular biology method, but it can not analyze the germs at the same time. Bacterial culturing takes a lot of time if there is no selective culture medium. Therefore, the MRT-PCR method using newly developed primers and probes is considered to be the best method.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1847-1850
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• 2009

Bovine tuberculosis is generally detected postmortem because it is a chronic debilitating disease. Since tuberculosis is mainly found in the lungs, clinical signs including coughing, nasal discharge, and difficulty breathing can occur in severe instances. In the present study, specimens were collected from the heart, liver, kidney, lung, pleural cavities, lymph nodes and intestines of carcasses found in an abattoir. According to post-mortem examination and inspection of carcasses, tuberculosis lesions were varied in appearance and size. Tubercles of a white cream color were disseminated throughout the pleural cavity including the lymph nodes, lungs and mesentery containing pus. Gram and Ziehl-Neelsen's acid-fast staining for the lung and lymph nodes revealed a highly positive histochemical reaction. The acid-fast organisms were observed histologically in the lesions under a microscope. This report demonstrated the histopathology of bovine tuberculosis based on the histological findings of Mycobacterium bovis, which is a suspected causative agent.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.290-295
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an effective probiotic dairy product to normalize the microbial flora in Korean infants. A total of 2,200 colonies were isolated from 25 Korean neonates, and 16S rRNA of 348 isolates was analyzed. Approximately 40% of the lactic-acid producing bacterial isolates were Enterococcus faecalis, and 34.2% of them were strains similar to XR7 in the GenBank database. The fastest growing strain in MRS broth was registered as 91532 by the KACC. The selected strain was freeze-dried and utilized to ferment a milk-containing rice soup, tarakjuk. Microbiological, physico-chemical, and sensory characteristics of the fermented tarakjuk were compared with fermented milk and tarakjuk. E. faecalis KACC 91532 increased from $6.14{\pm}0.19$ to $7.36{\pm}0.13$ Log CFU/mL, and can be useful as a probiotic, as described in the Standards for Functional Health Foods.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.639-643
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• 2010

Sudden deaths have occurred in feedlot cattle with marked necro-hemorrhagic enteritis of the jejunum, ileum and colon. Suckling beef calves are the most frequently affected. Over-consumption of large amounts of milk, inadequate colostrum intake, chilling and stress are conducive to the development of enterotoxemia. Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens type D mostly occurs following a sudden change of diet, particularly to feeds made richer in order to grow the cattle to market weight in feedlots. During July 2006, sudden deaths of cattle occurred in the Youngcheon regional area of Gyeongbuk province. There were no significant clinical signs except anorexia, depression, intermittent diarrhea and mild respiratory failure. Histological findings revealed a prominent intranuclear inclusion as well as infiltration of the globular leukocytes in various organs including the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen and lymph nodes. Spleen and lymphatic tissues showed lymphatic necrosis and a starry sky appearance. In the submucosa of the small intestines, basophilic aggregation was detected with massive infiltration of the globular leukocytes and eosinophils. Gram staining for the tissue sections containing inclusions of the small intestines revealed a positive histochemical reaction. Taken together, we suggest that Clostridium perfringens type D-induced enterotoxemia is determined to be the cause of sudden death of feedlot cattle.