• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

Collaboration tools are used widely as non-face-to-face work increases due to social distancing after COVID-19. The tools are being developed in a cross-platform manner with 'Electron', an open source framework based on Chromium, to ensure accessibility on multiple devices. Electron Apps, applications built with Electron framework, store data in a manner similar to Chromium-based web browsers, so the data can be acquired in the same way as the data is acquired from a web browser. In this paper we analyze the data structure of web storage and suggest a method to get the message from Electron Apps focused on collaboration tools such as Jandi, Slack, and Microsoft Teams. For Jandi, we get the message from Cache by using previously developed tools, and in the case of Slack and Microsoft Teams, we get the message from IndexedDB by using the message carving tool we developed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2021

Peptides are short chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are widely used as effective and biocompatible active ingredients in cosmetic industry. In this study, we developed novel peptide mixture and identified its anti-pigmentation effect on melanocytes and keratinocytes. Our results revealed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome biogenesis through the regulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, a key factor of melanogenesis in melanocytes. And we observed that peptide mixture inhibited melanosome uptake through the reduction of protease-activated receptor 2, a phagocytosis-related receptor in keratinocytes. Furthermore, peptide mixture activated autophagy system resulting in degradation of transferred melanosomes in keratinocytes. The anti-pigmentation effect of multi-targeting peptide mixture was assessed in a human skin equivalent model (MelanoDerm). Melanin contents in epidermal layer were significantly decreased by topical treatment of peptide mixture, suggesting that it can be applied as a novel cosmetics material having a whitening function.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.43-52
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• 2020

This paper examines how macroeconomic variables, such as interest rate differences, inflation, exchange rates, economic growth and external debt growth, affect capital flight in the ASEAN-8 countries. We apply a panel data model with fixed effect estimation for the data for eight countries from the period 1994 to 2018. We use the residual approach used by the World Bank to measure the value of capital flight. The results show that the interest rate differences, exchange rates, economic growth and foreign debt growth had a positive and significant effect on outward capital flight. A further implication of this finding is that the interest rate differences, exchange rate, economic growth and foreign debt growth are factors that trigger an increase in capital outflow in the ASEAN-8 countries. Nonetheless, inflation rate is not considered to be the main factor influencing capital flight, as average inflation in the ASEAN-8 countries remains relatively stable. This paper will be beneficial for policymakers in the ASEAN-8 countries and encourage them to constantly pay attention to these four variables, as they significantly influence capital flight, whereas they can disregard the impact of the inflation variable that is not significant in influencing capital flight.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.23-31
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• 2020

This paper investigates the impact of monetary policy independence shock on bond yield by allowing for heterogeneous coefficients in the model based on panel data for 19 developing countries using quarterly data from 1991 to 2016. First, we estimate the model using conventional panel VAR estimation with the assumption of homogeneous coefficients across countries. Second, by performing Chow and Roy-Zellner tests to check the homogeneity assumption, we find that the assumption does not hold in the model. Third, we apply a mean-group estimation for panel VAR as a solution for heterogeneity panel model. The results reveal that central bank independence is effective in reducing bond yield with the maximum at period 6 after the shock. Shock one standard deviation bond yield has a negative effect on consumption and investment. We determine that central bank independence has a contradictory effect on real activity; a negative effect on consumption but a positive influence on investment for the first two years after the shock. Additionally, we split our sample into three groups to make the subgroups pool. Our empirical result shows that monetary policy independence shock reduces bond yield. Meanwhile, the response of economic activity to bond yield varies for all three groups.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.571-579
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• 2020

This paper examines how human capital and other economic variables, such as private investment, economic growth, government investment, inflation, and unemployment influence inequality in Indonesia's provinces. We apply panel data model with fixed effect estimation for the data of 34 provinces from the period 2013 to 2019. We develop a new index for human capital using the education index approach. The results show that human capital has a negative and significant effect on income inequality. An increase in human capital is related to an increase in knowledge and competence due to the longer average school year and expectations of the school year. Human capital has increased the possibility of a person being accepted into the job market and earning a higher income; hence, it lowers income inequality. We also find that inflation leads to a higher gap of income distribution. A further implication of this situation is that the rise in inflation causes an increase in low-income people, and as a consequence, makes their lives worse off. This paper will be beneficial for policy-makers for whom human capital, which is measured using an education index, is an important factor that significantly affects income inequality, in addition to other economic factors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.833-840
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• 2021

This paper examines the effect of the interest rate set by Bank Indonesia on financial system stability as measured by the credit gap in Indonesia for quarterly data for the period 1976 Q1 to 2019 Q4. We suppose that the relationship between the Central Bank rate and the credit gap is non-linear. Hence, this study applies a smooth transition regression (STR) model to investigate the relationship between these variables. Our results are: first, by performing STR estimation we obtained a threshold level of Central Bank rate of 2.01. Second, a decrease in the Central Bank rate results in a reduction in the credit gap when the Central Bank rate is above or below the threshold level. The effect of the Central Bank rate is five times greater for the high regime than for the low regime. Third, we find evidence that the effect of the exchange rate, economic growth, inflation, and GDP per capita on the credit gap for the high regime is the opposite of the low regime. We suggest that policymakers need to keep the Central Bank interest rate low and stable so that the role of the bank as a financial intermediary remains stable and conducive to strengthening financial stability.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-27
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• 2021

Purpose: Sexuality is a fundamental element of human life and is closely related to mental health. This study was conducted to understand domestic research trends on gender, mental health, and psychological well-being through an integrated review. Methods: Through four domestic databases, 15 papers were finally selected using the search terms 'sex', 'mental health', and 'psychological well-being'. Results: Fifteen papers have been published since 2000 and 10 documents have been published since 2010. A majority of the studies were basic research and reviews, and these included four qualitative studies. Depending on the subject, we classified five articles into three themes by the developmental stages (youth, married women, and the elderly), eight sexual minority studies, and two other studies (right to sexual self-determination, and dating for people with disabilities). Conclusion: A more open social concern and approach to sex, the most basic human need, is warranted. The field of nursing practice requires more attention.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 2021

This study investigates the presence of the day-of-the-week anomaly in exchange rate for 30 developing countries with free floating exchange rate regimes using daily data from January 2, 2011 to December 31, 2019. First, we apply the GARCH panel to estimate the intraday effect for all the sampled countries. Second, we run poolability test to check whether the coefficients of the GARCH panel are the same for all countries sampled. The result of poolability test rejects the homogeneity assumption. This implies that our sample countries contain heterogeneity. Third, we apply mean-group estimation by averaging the coefficients for all individual GARCH estimations. Fourth, we divided our sample of developing countries into three groups based on capital restriction index for the reason that the effect of monetary policy on the exchange rate depends on the degree of capital account liberalization. The empirical evidence for the return equation suggests that Mondays are connected with lower volatility whereas Thursdays experiences higher return compared to Tuesdays. The lowest estimated coefficient for full sample, group 1 and group 2, is Friday, but for group 2 is Thursday. We find similar result for the volatility equations, which show that Monday returns are lower compared to Tuesday.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to characterize the effects of KHG26792 (3-(naphthalen-2-yl(propoxy)methyl)azetidine hydrochloride), a potential skin whitening agent, on melanin synthesis and identify the underlying mechanism of action. Our data showed that KHG26792 significantly reduced melanin synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, KHG26792 downregulated microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis, although tyrosinase was not inhibited directly. KHG26792 activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), whereas an ERK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, rescued KHG26792-induced hypopigmentation. These results suggest that KHG26792 decreases melanin production via ERK activation. Moreover, the hypopigmentary effects of KHG26792 were confirmed in a pigmented skin equivalent model using Cervi cornus Colla (deer antler glue), in which the color of the pigmented artificial skin became lighter after treatment with KHG26792. In summary, our findings suggest that KHG26792 is a novel skin whitening agent.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

To substitute animal test, skin equivalents (SEs) have been developed for skin irritation and corrosion test. Recently, we have developed new SEs containing Cervi cornus Colla (CCC). In the present study, we used the SEs for cutaneous cytotoxicity test. Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or sodium carbonate was applied to the SEs-, and the epidermal damage by H&E and immunohistochemical stains was evaluated. Our results showed that SDS or sodium carbonate affected the epidermal part of SEs containing CCC in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the expression of p63. It is concluded that SEs containing CCC could be used for an alternative model of animal test and would be greatly helpful in the development of in vitro irritation and corrosion test.