• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2013

BCI (Brain Computer Interface) is technology to control external devices by measuring the brain activity, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), so that handicapped people communicate with environment physically using the technology. Among them, EEG is widely used in various fields, especially robot agent control by using several signal response characteristics, such as P300, SSVEP (Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential) and motor imagery. However, in order to control the robot agent without any constraint and precisely, it should take advantage of not only a signal response characteristic, but also combination. In this paper, we try to use the fusion of motor imagery and P300 from EEG for practical use of robot control in BCI environment. The results of experiments are confirmed that the recognition rate decreases compared with the case of using one kind of features, whereas it is able to classify each both characteristics and the practical use technology based on mobile robot and wireless BCI measurement system is implemented.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2010

It is shown that for a derivation $$f(x_1{\cdots}x_{j-1}x_jx_{j+1}{\cdots}x_k)=\sum_{j=1}^{k}x_{1}{\cdots}x_{j-1}x_{j+1}{\cdots}x_kf(x_j)$$ on a unital $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{B}$, there exists a unique $\mathbb{C}$-linear *-derivation $D:{\mathcal{B}}{\rightarrow}{\mathcal{B}}$ near the derivation, by using the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of functional equations. The concept of Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability originated from the Th.M. Rassias' stability theorem that appeared in his paper: On the stability of the linear mapping in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 72 (1978), 297-300.

• Clean Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2001

A silicon oxide cleaning characteristic and its mechanism were studied in RF plasma cleaning system with various gases such as $CHF_3$, $CF_4$, Argon, oxygen and mixing gas. The experimental parameters - working pressure (100 mTorr), RF power (300 W, 500 W), electrode distance (5cm, 8cm, 11.5cm), cleaning time (90, 180 seconds), gas flow (50 sccm) were fixed to compare cleaning efficiency by gas types. The results were as follows. First, the argon plasma is retaining only physical sputtering effect and etch rate was low. Second, the oxygen plasma showed good cleaning efficiency in electrode distace of 5cm, 300W, 180secs, but surface roughness increased. Third, $CF_4$ Plasma could get the best cleaning efficiency. Fourth, $CHF_3$ plasma could know that addition gas that can lower the CFx/F ratio need. We could not get good cleaning efficiency in case of added argon to $CHF_3$. But, we could get good cleaning efficiency in case added oxygen.

• Composites Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.53-60
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• 2004

This paper describes a method for a falling weight impact test to estimate the impact energy absorbing characteristics and impact strength of CFRP laminate plates based on considerations of stress wave propagation theory. The absorbed energy of T300 orthotropic composites is higher than that of quasi-isotropic specimen over impact energy 6.8J, but in case of using T700 fiber, much difference does not show. Also, absorbed energy of T300 orthotropic composites, which are composed of the same stacking number and orientation became more than that of T700 fiber specimen; however there was no big difference in case of quasi-isotropic specimens. The delamination areas of the impacted specimen were measured with the ultrasonic C-scanner to find correlation between impact energy and delamination area. The fracture surfaces were observed by using the SEM (scanning electron microscope) through a low-velocity impact test in order to confirm the fracture mechanism.

• Composites Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2003

We have implemented a system of falling weight impact tester in order to evaluate the impact energy absorbing characteristics and impact strength of CFRP laminate plates. The absorbed energy of T-300 orthotropic composites is higher than that of quasi-isotropic specimen over impact energy 7J, but in case of using T700 fiber, much difference does not show. Also, absorbed energy of T-300 orthotropic composites, which are composed of the same stacking number and orientation became more than that of T700 fiber specimen however there was no big difference in case of quasi-isotropic specimens. Delamination area of impacted specimens was measured with ultrasonic C-scanner to find correlation between impact energy and delamination area. Delamination area and frequency responses were evaluated between impacted and unimpacted specimens. There is a strong correlation between frequency responses and impact-induced delamination. The presence and scale of damages have been investigated based on the variations of frequency responses.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.307-310
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• 2011

We have investigated the structural, electrical and optical properties of $In_2O_3$ thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and then annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ and $300^{\circ}C$ in vacuum. The structural and electrical properties are strongly related to annealing temperature. All the annealed $In_2O_3$ films are grown as a hexagonal wurtzite phase and the largest grain size is observed in the films annealed at $300^{\circ}C$. The sheet resistance decreases with a increase in annealing temperature and $In_2O_3$ film annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ shows the lowest sheet resistance of $174{\Omega}/{\Box}$. The optical transmittance of $In_2O_3$ films in a visible wavelength region also depends on the annealing temperature. The films annealed at $300^{\circ}C$ show higher transmittance of 76% than those of the films prepared in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.428-433
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• 2003

In this study, we composed algorithm of DIAL(Differential Absorption Lidar). we investigated the absorption spectrum of $O_3$, S $O_2$ and N $O_2$ dependent on wavelengths using data base UV-Bank and determine the optimized wavelength model. Here, the selected optimal wavelengths are 292.00(λ$_{on}$ ), 295.20(λ$_{off}$) for $O_3$, 299.38(λ$_{on}$ ), 300.05(λ$_{off}$) for S $O_2$ and 448.00(λ$_{on}$ ), 449.85(λ$_{off}$) for N $O_2$. In particular, we established the supposed model of DIAL and simulated the error of measuring distance using the selected optimal wavelength. In the model-I with telescope of 300 mm diameter, laser energy of 3 mJ and transmission of 10000 shots, maximum distances are 4 km for $O_3$ measurement and 5 km for S $O_2$ and N $O_2$ measurements. Also, in the model-II with telescope of 600 mm diameter, laser energy of 30 mJ and transmission of 10000 shots, maximum distances are 13 km for S $O_2$ and N $O_2$ measurements.ments.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2000

In this study, we composed algorithm for DIAL(Differential Absorption Lidar). We investigated the absorption spectrum of $O_3$, $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ dependent on wavelengths using data base UV-Bank and determined the optimized wavelength model. Here, the selected optimal wavelengths are 292.00(${\lambda}_{on}$), 295.20 (${\lambda}_{off}$) for $O_3$, 299.38(${\lambda}_{on}$), 300.05 (${\lambda}_{off}$) for $SO_2$ and 448.00(${\lambda}_{on}$), 449.85(${\lambda}_{off}$) for $NO_2$. In particular, we established the supposed model of DIAL and simulated the error of measuring distance using the selected optimal wavelength. In the model-I with telescope of 300 mm diameter, laser energy of 3 mJ and transmission of 10000 shots, maximum distances are 4 km for $O_3$ measurement and 5 km for $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ measurements. Also, in the model-II with telescope of 600 mm diameter, laser energy of 30 mJ and transmission of 10000 shots, maximum distances are 13 km for $SO_2$ and $NO_2$ measurements.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1606-1611
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• 2007

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dihydropyridine on laying performance and fat metabolism of laying hens. Five hundred and forty laying hens, 40 weeks old, were randomly allotted to three groups, each of which included four replicates of 45 hens. The groups were given a basal corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 0, 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine. Results showed that compared with the control group (0 mg/kg dihydropyridine), supplements of 150 and 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine increased egg production rate by 9.39% (p<0.01) and 12.97% (p<0.01), increased mean egg weight by 3% (p>0.05) and 4.8% (p>0.05), and improved feed efficiency by 9.54% (p<0.05) and 7.25% (p<0.05), respectively; The addition of 150 and 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine decreased percentage of abdominal fat by 35.4% (p<0.05) and 46.9% (p<0.05), decreased liver fat content by 32.4% (p<0.05) and 10.5% (p<0.05), increased HSL activity of abdominal fat by 39.64% (p<0.05) and 48.48% (p<0.05), increased HSL activity of liver by 9.4% (p>0.05) and 47.34% (p<0.05) and increased the content of cAMP in adenohypophysis by 14.67% (p<0.05) and 10.91% (p<0.05), respectively; The inclusion of 150 mg/kg dihydropyridine increased liver superoxide dismutase activity by 69.61% (p<0.05), and increased hepatic apoB concentration by 53.96% (p<0.05); The supplementation of 150 or 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine decreased malondialdehyde concentration of hepatic mitochondria by 30.90% (p<0.01) and 10.39% (p<0.05), respectively; Supplemented dihydropyridine had no significant effects on TG, Ch HDL-C and VLDL-C concentrations in serum; addition of 150 or 300 mg/kg dihydropyridine increased T3 levels in serum by 15.34% (p<0.05) and 11.88% (p<0.05) and decreased insulin concentration by 40.44% (p<0.05) and 54.37% (p<0.05), respectively. The results demonstrated that adding dihydropyridine had the tendency of improving very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) content in the ovary. It was concluded that dihydropyridine could improve laying performance and regulate the fat metabolism of laying hens and that 150 mg/kg dihydropyridine is the optimum dose for laying birds in practical conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.775-783
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• 2007

To elucidate the efficacy of different soy protein sources on piglet's performance, a total of 280 weaned piglets ($Duroc{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$, $23{\pm}3$ d of age, $5.86{\pm}0.45$ kg initial BW) were allotted to 5 treatment diets comprising soybean meal (SBM), soy protein concentrate (SPC), Hamlet protein (HP300), fungal (Aspergillus oryzae) fermented soy protein (FSP-A), and fungal plus bacterial (A. oryzae+Bacillus subtilis) fermented soy protein (FSP-B), respectively. Experimental diets for feeding trial were formulated to contain each soy protein sources at 8% level to corn-whey powder basal diet. There were 14 pigs per pen and 4 pens per treatment. Experimental diets were fed from 0 to 14 d after weaning and then a common commercial diet was fed from 15 to 35 d. Also for ileal digestibility studies, 18 pigs were assigned to 6 dietary treatments as N-free, SBM, SPC, HP300, FSP-A and FSP-B with T-canulation at distal ileum for 6 days. At $14^{th}$ d of experimental feeding, the ADG was significantly higher (p<0.05) in SPC fed diet as compared with others. Similar trend was noticed during the 15-35 d and overall study (0-35 d). All the processed soy protein sources tested in this experiment improved (p<0.05) growth than SBM during overall study. The nutrient digestibility of GE, DM, CP and Ca showed lower (p<0.05) values in SBM and FSP-A fed groups than SPC and FSP-B treatments. The apparent ileal digestibility of TEAA, non-TEAA and TAA showed lower (p<0.05) in SBM treatments compared with other soy protein sources. The true ileal digestibility of TEAA, non-TEAA and TAA were lower (p<0.05) in SBM fed group than SPC and HP300 treatments, and lower than FSP treatments though they didn't achieve significant difference (p>0.05). Villous height and crypt depth was not affected by dietary treatments. In conclusion, the growth and digestibility of nutrients in weaned pigs fed SPC was superior to others. Also FSP-A and FSP-B showed improved performance than those fed SBM.