• 제목/요약/키워드: J$_{}$ c/degradation

검색결과 244건 처리시간 0.024초

Antiaging effects of the mixture of Panax ginseng and Crataegus pinnatifida in human dermal fibroblasts and healthy human skin

  • Hwang, Eunson;Park, Sang-Yong;Yin, Chang Shik;Kim, Hee-Taek;Kim, Yong Min;Yi, Tae Hoo
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2017
  • Background: Human skin undergoes distinct changes throughout the aging process, based on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In a process called photoaging, UVB irradiation leads to upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1, which then causes collagen degradation and premature aging. Mixtures of medicinal plants have traditionally been used as drugs in oriental medicine. Based on the previously reported antioxidant properties of Panax ginseng Meyer and Crataegus pinnatifida, we hypothesized that the mixture of P. ginseng Meyer and C. pinnatifida (GC) would have protective effects against skin aging. Methods: Anti-aging activity was examined both in human dermal fibroblasts under UVB irradiation by using Western blot analysis and in healthy human skin by examining noninvasive measurements. Results: In vitro studies showed that GC improved procollagen type I expression and diminished matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion. Based on noninvasive measurements, skin roughness values, including total roughness (R1), maximum roughness (R2), smoothness depth and average roughness (R3), and global photodamage scores were improved by GC application. Moreover, GC ameliorated the high values of smoothness depth (R4), which means that GC reduced loss of skin moisture. Conclusion: These results suggest that GC can prevent aging by inhibiting wrinkle formation and increasing moisture in the human skin.

H2S tolerance effects of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ modification on Sr0.92Y0.08Ti1-xNixO3-δ anode in solid oxide fuel cells

  • Kim, Kab In;Kim, Hee Su;Kim, Hyung Soon;Yun, Jeong Woo
    • Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
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    • 제68권
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    • pp.187-195
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    • 2018
  • $Sr_{0.92}Y_{0.08}Ti_{1-x}Ni_xO_{3-{\delta}}$ (SYTN) was investigated in the presence of $H_2S$ containing fuels to assess the feasibility of employing oxide materials as alternative anodes. Aliovalent substitution of $Ni^{2+}$ into $Ti^{4+}$ increased the ionic conductivity of perovskite, leading to improved electrochemical performance of the SYTN anode. The maximum power densities were 32.4 and $45.3mW/cm^2$ in $H_2$ at $900^{\circ}C$ for the SYT anode and the SYTN anode, respectively. However, the maximum power densities in 300 ppm of $H_2S$ decreased by 7% and by 46% in the SYT and the SYTN anodes, respectively. To enhance the sulfur tolerance and to improve the electrochemical properties, the surface of SYTN anode was modified with samarium doped ceria (SDC) using the sol-gel coating method. For the SDC-modified SYTN anode, the cell performance was mostly recovered in the pure $H_2$ condition after 500-ppm $H_2S$ exposure in contrast to the irreversible cell performance degradation exhibited in the unmodified SYTN anode.

Matrix metalloproteinase-13 downregulation and potential cartilage protective action of the Korean Red Ginseng preparation

  • Lee, Je Hyeong;Shehzad, Omer;Ko, Sung Kwon;Kim, Yeong Shik;Kim, Hyun Pyo
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.54-60
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    • 2015
  • Background: The present study was designed to prepare and find the optimum active preparation or fraction from Korea Red Ginseng inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression, because MMP-13 is a pivotal enzyme to degrade the collagen matrix of the joint cartilage. Methods: From total red ginseng ethanol extract, n-BuOH fraction (total ginsenoside-enriched fraction), ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction (GDF), and ginsenoside triol-type-enriched fraction (GTF) were prepared, and ginsenoside diol type-/F4-enriched fraction (GDF/F4) was obtained from Panax ginseng leaf extract. Results: The n-BuOH fraction, GDF, and GDF/F4 clearly inhibited MMP-13 expression compared to interleukin-$1{\beta}$-treated SW1353 cells (human chondrosarcoma), whereas the total extract and ginsenoside diol-type-enriched fraction did not. In particular, GDF/F4, the most effective inhibitor, blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun-activated protein kinase (JNK), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-1/2 (STAT-1/2) among the signal transcription pathways involved. Further, GDF/F4 also inhibited the glycosaminoglycan release from interleukin-$1{\alpha}$-treated rabbit cartilage culture (30.6% inhibition at $30{\mu}g/mL$). Conclusion: Some preparations from Korean Red Ginseng and ginseng leaves, particularly GDF/F4, may possess the protective activity against cartilage degradation in joint disorders, and may have potential as new therapeutic agents.

Effect of Biological and Liquid Hot Water Pretreatments on Ethanol Yield from Mengkuang (Pandanus artocarpus Griff)

  • Yanti, Hikma;Syafii, Wasrin;Wistara, Nyoman J;Febrianto, Fauzi;Kim, Nam Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.145-162
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    • 2019
  • This study aimed to increase the sugar and ethanol yield from the mengkuang plant biomass through biological and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment and their combination. The results showed that biological pretreatments with 5% inoculum of the fungus Trametes versicolor resulted in the highest alpha cellulose content incubated for 30 days, and 10% inoculum resulted in the lowest lignin content. LHW pretreatment decreased the hemicellulose content of pulps from 10.17% to 9.99%. T. versicolor altered the structure of the mengkuang pulp by degrading the lignin and lignocellulose matrix. The resulting delignification and cellulose degradation facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulose into sugars. The alpha cellulose content after biological-LHW pretreatment was higher (78.99%) compared to LHW-biological pretreatment (76.85%). Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that biological-LHW combinated treatment degrades the cell wall structures. The ethanol yield for biological-LHW pretreated sample was observed 43.86% (13.11 g/L ethanol by weight of the substrate, which is much higher than that of LHW-biological pretreatment (34.02%; 9.097 g/L). The highest reducing sugar content about 45.10% was observed with a resulting ethanol content of 15.5 g/L at LHW pretreatment temperature of $180^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

수종토양중(數種土壤中)에서 3,4-DCA 및 TCAB의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(제2보(劑二報)) -$^{14}C-3,4-DCA$$^{14}C-TCAB$ 의 분해(分解)- (A Study on the Evolution of 3,4-DCA and TCAB in Some Selected Soils(Part II) -Degradation of $^{14}C-3,4-DCA\;and\;^{14}C-TCAB$-)

  • 이재구;후르니에
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 1978
  • 불란서(佛蘭西)의 수종(數種) 토양중(土壤中)에서 3,4-DCA 및 TCAB의 변화과정을 구명하기 위하여 환표식(環標識)된 $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$$^{14}C-TCAB$를 사용하여 실험을 행(行)한 바 다음의 결과(結果)를 얻었다. (1) $^{14}C-3,4-DCA$$^{14}CO_2$로 분해(分解)되는 속도(速度)는 배양초기(培養初期)에는 비교적(比較的) 빠르고 후기(後期)에는 완만하다. 배양 6개월 후(後)에 alkaline soil(pH=7.9)에서 dose 1(1.5 ppm)에서 최고(最高) 6.5%, dose 2(94 ppm)에서 최하(最下) 1.92%의 분해율(分解率)을 보였다. organic acid soil(pH=5.5)의 경우 dose 1에서 4.91%, dose 2에서 4.24%가 분해(分解)되었으며 양자간(兩者間)에는 대차(大差)가 없었다. (2) Dose 1로 3,4-DCA를 6개월동안 배양할 때 organic acid soil에서는 47.70%, Alkaline soil에서는 29.49%가 토양에 결합되었다. 한편 dose 2의 경우 organic acid soil에서는 38.40%, alkaline soil에서는 20.30%가 결합(結合)되었다. (3) 토양중(土壤中)에서 3,4-DCA로부터 생성(生成)되는 TC-AB의 양(量)은 토양(土壤)의 종류(種類)보다는 3,4-DCA의 사용농도(使用濃度)에 의존(依存)하는것 같다. dose 2에서 생성(生成)된 TCAB의 양(量)은 organic acid soil에서는 추출액(抽出液)의 총방사능(總放射能)의 50%, alkaline soil에서는 30%에 해당하며 이것은 토양시료(土壤試料)에 첨가한 최초(最初)의 방사능(放射能)의 1.8%와 1.4%에 각각(各各) 해당된다. 반면 dose 1에서는 추출액(抽出液)의 총방사능(總放射能)에 비(比)하여 두 토양(土壤) 공(共)히 $2{\sim}3%$를 넘지 못하며 최초(最初)의 총방사능(總放射能)의 $0.05{\sim}0.1%$를 초과(超過)하지 못한다. (4) $^{14}C-TCAB$$^{14}CO_2$로 분해(分解)되는 속도(速度)는 매우 느리며 배양 6개월후에 4종(四種)의 토양(土壤)에서 모두 $0.05%{\sim}0.20%$의 분해율(分解率)을 보였고 배양 3개월후에 뚜렷한 분해산물(分解産物)을 검출(檢出)할 수 없었으며 대부분(大部分) 미분해(未分解)된 상태로 존재(存在)하였다. (5) Alkaline soil에서 다른 토양에서 보다 훨씬 많은 양(量)의 $^{14}C-TCAB$가 토양중(土壤中)에 흡착(吸着)된 것으로 보아 Alkali토양 조건하에서 $trans-TCAB{\rightarrow}cis-TCAB$의 전환(轉換)이 일어나 이 흡착성이 더 강한 cis 이성체(異性體)가 토양중(土壤中)에 많이 흡착(吸着)된 것으로 생각(生覺)된다.

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교차류형 100W급 용융탄산염 연료전지 스택 장기운전평가 (Evaluation of Long Term Operation of Cross-flow Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Stack)

  • 임희천;설진호;류철성;이창우;홍성안
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.53-63
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    • 1995
  • 차세대의 새로운 발전방식인 용융탄산염형 연료전지 시스템개발 사업중 실용 스택개발을 위하여 전극유효연적이 $100cm^2$ 인 단위전지를 10단 적층한 Cross Flow형 MCFC스택을 제작하고 2성능측정설비를 구성하여 장기운전시험을 실시하였다 연료로는 $H_2/CO_2/H_2O$의 비율을 72%/18%/10% 로 조성한 가스를 이용하고 산화제가스로는 $O_2/CO_2$$Air/CO_2$ 비율이 33%/67%, 70%/30%가 되는 가스를 이용하여 운전할때의 초기성능 및 15A($150mA/cm^2$) 정부하 상태에서의 장기운전시험시의 전압 강하율을 조사하였다. 운전시간 310시간이 경과된 후의 스택전압은 8.39V이었고 이때의 출력은 125.8W를 보여주었다. 한편 1845시간이 경과한후 공기를 산화제로 이용하는 경우 전압은 6.95V로서 출력 104W를 나타내고 있다. 초기성능치에 의한 에너지 변환효율은 이용율이 40%인 경우 29.65%이었고 80%로 증가하는 경우 약 51.5%가 된다. 1840시간의 경과한때 까지의 전압 강하율은 약 52.4mV/1000hr로서 이전의 스택보다는 전압강하율이 감소되고 있으며 스택의 성능 저하의 주요한 요인은 개회로 전압의 저하로 내부단락동에서 기인하는 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 장기운전사 스택내부에서의 단위전지 전압분포가 균일하지 않음을 알 수 있어 이에 대한 개선을 필요로 한다.

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Relationships of Circulating Concentrations of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and -II to Egg Production and Growth Rate in the Korean Native Ogol Chicken

  • Yun, J.S.;Kang, W.J.;Seo, D.S.;Lee, C.Y.;Oh, S.;Ko, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.481-488
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    • 2003
  • Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding protein act as intra-ovarian regulators that modulate the proliferation and differentiation of the granulosa and theca cells. Moreover, the IGF system is involved in metabolism by modulating the synthesis and degradation of glycogen and protein in animals. However the effect of the IGF system on egg productivity or body growth in KNOC has not been studied in depth. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate differences of serum IGFs and binding protein expressions between two groups showing high and low egg production or body weight and to elucidate the relationship of IGFs with egg productivity and body growth. KNOCs were divided into high and low groups depending on their egg productivity or body growth, and sera were collected every 10 wk from 20 till 60 wk. Serum IGF-I and -II concentration were measured by RIA using human and mouse antiserum and chicken standards. IGFBP was detected by Western ligand blotting. IGF-I concentrations were significantly greater in the high egg production group compared with those in the low egg production group (30 wk, p<0.01; 20 and 40 wk, p<0.05). Also, differences in IGF-II amounts between the two groups were detected at 60 wk (p<0.05). But IGFBPs in the low egg production group were more intense than that in the high egg production group through the egg laying period. The correlation between IGF-I concentration and number of egg production is significantly positive (20 wk, r=0.2729: p<0.05; 40 wk, r=0.3500: p<0.01), while IGF-II shows no correlation with egg productivity. In male KNOC, IGF-I and -II concentrations in the high body weight group are lower than that in the low body weight group. Body weight also shows a negative correlation with the serum IGF-II concentration in male chickens (20 wk, r=-0.5901: p<0.01). Consequently, we suggest that IGFs and binding protein are (in)directly involved in the egg productivity and body growth in KNOC.

Effects of a Dietary Chitosan-Alginate-Fe(II) Complex on Meat Quality of Pig Longissimus Muscle during Ageing

  • Park, B.Y.;Kim, J.H.;Cho, S.H.;Hwang, I.H.;Jung, O.S.;Kim, Y.K.;Lee, J.M.;Yun, S.G.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.414-419
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    • 2005
  • The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan-alginate-Fe(II) complex (CAFC) supplementation on carcass and meat qualities of pig m. longissimus during chiller ageing. One hundred and twenty-two LYD (Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Duroc) pigs were sampled from an industrial population. Seventy-four pigs (32 gilts and 42 barrows) were administered 3 ml of dietary supplementation of CAFC per day from 25 to 70 days of age, while the remaining 48 pigs (20 gilts and 28 barrows) were fed the same commercial feeding regime without the supplementation. For assessing the dietary effects on pH, objective meat color, cooking loss, water-holding capacity (WHC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and fatty acid composition during ageing, 20 barrows (10 of each treatment) were randomly sampled, and aged for 3, 7, 12, 16, 20 and 25 days in a $1^{\circ}C$ chiller. The results showed that CAFC-fed pigs required approximately 10 fewer feeding days than the control group. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in greatly higher carcass grade whereby the grade A was increased by approximately 35% and 7% for gilts and barrows, respectively. The treatment had no significant effect (p>0.05) on pH, meat color and WHC during ageing. On the other hand, the CAFC-fed pigs showed significantly (p<0.05) lower TBARS values from 20 days of storage. In addition, the sum of unsaturated fatty acids for the treated group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for the control group after the storage time. This implied that CAFC supplementation could reduce the formation of free radicals in fatty acids (i.e., lipid oxidation). The treatment also significantly (p<0.05) retarded VBN formation during ageing, indicating a significant reduction in protein degradation. However, as there was no difference in pH between the two groups, the result raised a possibility that antibacterial activity of the CAFC alone could cause reduction in the formation of TBARS and VBN. In this regard, although the treatment effectively slowed down the formation of TBARS and TBA during chiller ageing, it was not resolved whether that was associated with the direct effect of the antioxidant function of chitosan and/or alginate, or a consequence of their antibacterial functions.

대기압 플라즈마를 이용한 TiO2 광촉매의 효율향상을 위한 표면 개질 연구 (Surface Modification of TiO2 by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma)

  • 조상진;정충경;김성수;부진효
    • 한국진공학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.22-27
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    • 2010
  • $TiO_2$의 표면의 친수성을 증가시키기 위하여 dielectric barrier discharge (DBD)에 의해 발생된 대기압 플라즈마 (atmospheric pressure plasma: APP)를 이용 RF power 50~200 W 범위에서 Ar과 $O_2$ 가스를 사용 대기압 플라즈마로 광촉매 표면을 개질하였다. Ar 가스 단독으로 처리한 시료의 접촉각은 20도에서 10도로 감소하였으며, $O_2$ 가스를 반응성 가스로 하여 처리한 경우에는 접촉각이 20도에서 1도 미만으로 감소하였다. 동일한 RF power에서 $O_2$ 플라즈마 처리 시 더 낮은 접촉각을 확인하였는데, 이는 $TiO_2$ 표면과 산소원자의 결합으로 인하여 표면의 polar force의 증가에 의한 것으로 판단되어 대기압 플라즈마로 처리된 시료의 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)의 스펙트럼 분석결과 OH 작용기의 증가로 표면의 친수성이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 대기압 플라즈마로 처리된 시료와 처리하지 않은 시료의 접촉각은 모두 시간이 지남에 따라 증가하지만 플라즈마 처리 된 시료의 접촉각 증가는 플라즈마 처리하지 않은 시료의 접촉각 보다 작은 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 페놀 분해 실험을 통하여 플라즈마 표면처리를 통하여 $TiO_2$ 광촉매의 분해 효율이 크게 향상되는 것을 확인하였다.

OSA-감자 덱스트린의 구조 및 유화 특성 연구 (Structural and emulsification properties of octenyl succinylated potato dextrin upon different preparation methods)

  • 한유진;이순희;한정아
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제49권1호
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 2017
  • 연구에서는 감자의 소비증진 및 식품산업에서의 활용가치 높이기 위해 OSA기를 도입한 감자덱스트린을 제조하고, 덱스트린의 구조 및 물리적 특성과 실제 마요네즈 적용가능성을 살펴보았다. 호화개시온도는 초음파 처리한 시료와 산 가수분해 시료에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 호화 엔탈피 값은 $70^{\circ}C$에서 초음파 처리한 시료에서만 유의적으로 크게 감소하였다. 페이스팅 점도특성은 초음파 처리 온도가 높아질수록 최고 점도는 감소하였으나, 산 처리 녹말에서는 오히려 최고점도가 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 감자녹말과 OSA-덱스트린 모두 B-타입의 결정도를 보였으나, 초음파 처리 온도가 높아질수록 상대적 결정도는 크게 감소하였고, 산 가수분해로 제조한 OSA-덱스트린의 경우 산 처리 시간에 따른 유의적 변화는 없었으나 $50^{\circ}C$에서 초음파 처리한 시료와 유사한 결정도를 보였다. OSA-녹말 또는 OSA-덱스트린의 유화안정성은 $70^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 초음파 처리하여 제조한 시료가 가장 높았고, 산 가수분해 덱스트린>$50^{\circ}C$에서 초음파 처리한 덱스트린= OSA녹말>$25^{\circ}C$에서 초음파 처리한 덱스트린의 순이었다. OSA-덱스트린을 노른자위의 75%대체하여 제조한 마요네즈의 관능적 특성결과 색이나 맛에서는 모든 시료간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 전체적인 선호도에서는 노른자위첨가 마요네즈와 50 또는 $70^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 초음파 처리한 OSA-덱스트린 첨가 시료 간에 유의적 차이가 없었으며, OSA-녹말첨가 마요네즈가 가장 낮은 점수를 받았다. 마요네즈의 유화안정성을 4주간 실험한 결과 1주 후에는 $70^{\circ}C$에서 초음파 처리한 덱스트린 첨가 마요네즈가, 2주 후부터는 1 시간 산 가수분해하여 제조한 덱스트린 첨가 마요네즈가 가장 높은 유화안정성을 보였으며, 2-4주까지는 노른자위첨가 마요네즈와 $70^{\circ}C$에서 초음파 처리한 OSA-덱스트린 첨가 마요네즈가 유사한 안정성을 보였다. 반면, $50^{\circ}C$에서 초음파 처리한 OSA-덱스트린 첨가 마요네즈의 안정성은 저장기간 내내 가장 낮았다. 본 실험결과 OSA-감자녹말을 초음파 및 산 처리에 의해 제조한 덱스트린은 OSA녹말보다 유화력이 우수하였으며, 특히 $70^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 초음파 처리한 덱스트린의 경우 노른자위를 대체하여 마요네즈나 저지방, 저콜레스테롤 식품제조에 다양하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.