• 보건행정학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2015

Vaccination is the most powerful and useful preparation against infectious diseases. However, developing vaccines costs a lot and requires extensive long-term efforts. Therefore, the government should research and develop vaccines with a national-level policy. To greatly enhance the success rate of vaccine development, the policy should be set up considering priorities such as the current status of domestic research, the importance for public health, the urgency of research. The Delphi technique was utilized to draft this survey, through a brainstorming stage, then two inquiries, and finally the final panel meeting where unresolved items were discussed, to draw the conclusion. Among the results, firstly, the highest ranked item on centralized fields for vaccine development by the Ministry of Health was 'self-sufficiency of vaccines.' Secondly, 'emerging infectious disease' was most highly ranked in prioritized fields of vaccine development and research. Thirdly, for the vaccine that needs to be improved and developed further by the government to improve its efficacy and safety, BCG (Bacille de Calmette) for tuberculosis was ranked the highest on both types (intradermal and subcutaneous injection) from National Immunization Programme (NIP) and non-NIP. As for the high risk pathogens, 'anthrax' and 'smallpox' were first and second, consecutively. Lastly, 'development and control of vaccine candidates' was ranked the highest for the area in need for technique development in order to improve domestic vaccine's research level. The results of this study will be put to good use as basic data for the national vaccine research and development (R&D) policy of the country. This study was first step and more studies should be carried out for the final decision of the national vaccine R&D priority.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.249-261
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• 2014

This study was performed in order to grasp the trends of elementary school children and their parents on their purchasing behavior of processed foods, awareness of food additives and its education experience by analyzing the safety assessment reports of food additives in 2008~2013. The most important factor in purchasing processed foods was safety in both groups followed by nutrition in parents and taste in children, respectively. While purchasing foods, the first item that is checked has been shifted from food additives to the origin of the products. Parents still perceived food additives as the most hazardous factor for food safety; however, recently, children began to regard microbial contaminants as being most hazardous, which is regarded as a desirable educational effect. The most concerned food additives were preservatives, synthetic seasoning and colorants in both groups. However, the awareness level on food additives still remained low as 3.0~3.1/5.0 for parents and 2.4~2.9/5.0 for children. Educational experience on food additives increased in children from 12% in 2008 to 25% in 2013; however, it decreased in parents from 23% in 2008 to 15% in 2013. Information needs for food additives by education and promotion were very high both in parents (4.2~4.5) and children (3.8~4.1). Both groups had an interest in the safety, legal standards of food additives, and foods with food additives, in order. The most reliable resource institutions on food additives were university/research institute and hospital for parents, but, hospital and government for children. The preferred media on food additives were TV and the internet for parents, and school newsletter and TV for children. Overall, the above results demonstrated that the perceptions on food additives did not change much with parents during the last 6 years; however, children's perceptions began to show improvement with the increase of educational experience. Hence, the government needs to make efforts to increase the trust level of consumers by developing educational tools and providing educational experiences including mass media for the promotion of risk communication on food additives.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 1981

This study was done to determine the relationship between the anxiety levels of hospitalized psychiatric patients and various influencing variables. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that may help hospitalized psychiatric patients to experience lower levels of anxiety in relation to changing situations and provide the basic data for a dynamic approach which is important in the field of modern psychiatric nursing that understands and analyses the meaning of patients behavior. The anxiety may produce stress, which is a common experience among all human beings. Patients may merely feel uncomfortable in the state of mild anxiety, however, the severe state could be an obstacle to treatment and recovery from disease. The anxiety of the psychiatric patient is a factor which greatly influencing the patient's behavior, so his disorderd behavior is an expression of defence or pathologically fixed behavior. According the psychiatric patient's anxiety at the time of admission is the concern of the health team. The nurse's special concern has to do with understanding and supporting the patient and meeting his individual needs by frequent close contact during the entire hospitalization period, compared to other teamembers the nurse's responsibility in this regard is greated. So this study emphasizes the necessity of creating conditions these, but above all the psychiatric nurse should create a therapeutic environment by not only regarding the patient's behavior or symptoms but understanding the meaning of them. The subjects of this study were 57 psychiatric patients selected from the K neuropsychiatric hospital located in Kunsan city. Data were collected twice from the same patients within a 24 hour period after admission and 10 days after admission. (September 18th to November 8th, 1980). The data collected method was through direct interview, and the interview time was 20 minutes for each patient. Data analysis included Item Analysis & Internal Consistency Reliability Tests, Percentages, t-test, analysis of variance and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study were as follows. A. Test of Hypothesis a. Hypothesis 1 :“The anxiety level of psychiatric patients within 24 hours after admission will be higher than those of the same patients 10 days after admission,”was accepted. (t = 3. 15 ; p < 0.005) b. Hypothesi 2:“The more the number of admissions the higher the level of anxiety related to two categories”, was accepted. (affective anxiety: F = 5.50, p < 0.005, Somatic anxiety: F = 9.12, p <.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2016

학생들의 진화에 대한 대안개념(목적론, 용불용설 등)이 과학사에서 나타나는 설명의 발전 형태와 유사하다는 연구는 있었다. 하지만 과학사적으로 설명의 발달과정을 반영하여 부분점수를 주는 평가방식은 활용되지 않았다. 이 연구의 목적은 창조론에서 자연선택까지 과학사적 발달과정을 반영하여 부분점수를 주는 방법을 제안하고 이 방법이 타당한지에 대한 양적인 증거를 수집하는 것이다. 이 연구는 과학사에 근거하여 진화개념검사도구의 학생응답을 순위선다형점수로 변환하고 부분채점모형의 라쉬모델분석을 포함한 통계적 방법으로 새로운 평가방식이 타당한지 확인하였다. 또한 개념발달이 인간, 동물, 문항의 상황에 따라 다른지 확인하였다. Ha(2007)가 개발한 검사도구를 활용하여 1711명의 초, 중, 고등학생과 비전공, 전공생물 교사를 대상으로 생성한 자료를 통하여 분석하였다. 창조론, 목적, 의도, 용불용설, 자연선택에 0점에서 4점씩 부분점수로 제시한 평가방법은 Cronbach alpha를 통한 내적일관성 신뢰도, 라쉬분석의 MNSQ값 등 통한 문항적합도를 확인한 결과 타당한 것으로 확인되었다. 초등학생과 중학생들의 개념수준은 의도에서 용불용설 단계에, 고등학생부터 용불용설 이후의 단계로 개념발달이 이루어지고 있었다. 진화설명의 발달 과정은 인간, 동물, 식물에 따라 차이가 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구는 과학사와 학생들의 개념발달이 유사하다는 기존의 주장에 새로운 양적증거를 추가하고, 진화개념 평가를 위한 새로운 분석방법을 제안한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.242-257
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• 2003

본 연구는 생태계보전지역인 둔촌동습지의 모니터링을 통한 생태적 복원 및 보전계획을 수립하기 위해 실시되었다. 모니터링 기준으로는 항목, 방법, 시기, 횟수 등을 설정하였다. 모니터링 기준에 따라 조사한 결과 식물생태분야에서 대상지내 식물종은 총 39과 116종 19변종 1품종으로 총 132종류가 출현하였고 이중 자생종은 85종, 외래종은 47종이었다. 월별(4∼9월) 현존식생 모니터링 결과 습지성 초본식물군락 세력이 증가추세이었고 특히 고마리군락의 세력이 왕성해졌다. 아울러 기존 경작지를 중심으로 천이초기식물과 귀화식물의 출현빈도가 높았다. 동물생태분야에서 야생조류는 34종 378개체, 양서류는 4종 5개체, 곤충류는 11목 52과 153종이 조사되었다. 무기환경분야에서는 지하수위. 수질. 토양특성을 분석하였는데 이중 지하수위는 0.0∼89.0cm이었고 토양에서는 Ca++의 함량이 2.18∼13.73cmol/kg로 나타났다. 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 한 연구대상지 생태적 복원구상을 습지생태계 복원구상. 용출지 복원구상. 산림생태계 복원구상으로 구분하여 기본방향과 각 공간별 세부계획을 제시하였다. 습지생태계 복원구상에서는 기존 습지지역의 보전과 경작지로 활용되던 습지지역의 복원구상을 수립하였으며, 용출지복원구상에서는 용출지 및 진입부의 복원을 수립하였고 산림생태계 복원구상에서는 건조성 산림 생태계와 습지성산림생태계의 복원 및 주연부지역의 야생조류 서식처 계획을 수립하였다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

PURPOSE. To longitudinally assess the quality of life in maxillectomy patients rehabilitated with obturator prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty-six subjects were enrolled in the span of 16 months, out of which six were dropouts. Subjects (age group 20-60 years) with maxillary defects, irrespective of the cause, planned for definite obturator prosthesis, were recruited. The Hindi version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Head and Neck version 1 of Quality of Life Questionnaire was used before surgical intervention and one month after definitive obturator. Questionnaire includes 35 questions related to the patient's physical health, well being, psychological status, social relation and environmental conditions. The data were processed with statistical package for social science (SPSS). Probability level of P<.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS. The quality of life after rehabilitation with obturator prosthesis was 81.48% (${\pm}13.64$) on average. On item-level, maximum mean scores were obtained for items problem with teeth ($1.87{\pm}0.94$), pain in mouth ($1.80{\pm}0.92$), trouble in eating ($1.70{\pm}0.88$), trouble in talking to other people ($1.60{\pm}1.22$), problems in swallowing solid food ($1.57{\pm}1.22$) and bothering appearance ($1.53{\pm}1.04$); while minimum scores were obtained for the items coughing ($1.17{\pm}0.38$), hoarseness of voice ($1.17{\pm}0.53$), painful throat ($1.13{\pm}0.43$), trouble in having social contacts with friends ($1.10{\pm}0.40$) and trouble having physical contacts with family or friends ($1.10{\pm}0.31$). CONCLUSION. Obturator prosthesis is a highly positive and non-invasive approach to improve the quality of life of patients with maxillectomy defects.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2015

국가 수준의 표준화된 학업 성취도 평가 결과를 분석하여 학생들의 성취 수준을 파악하고 이를 교육정책 수립이나 교수활동 개선에 반영하는 과정은 교육의 책무성으로 중요한 부분이다. 본 연구에서는 과학과 국가 수준 학업 성취도 평가 결과를 분석하고, 답지 반응률 분포 곡선을 활용하여 평가 문항의 특성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2010년부터 2013년까지 시행된 과학과 성취도 평가 결과를 성취 수준에 따라 분석하였으며, 성취도 점수에 따른 특정 문항의 정오답 반응률을 토대로 최적 곡선을 추정한 그래프인 답지 반응률 분포 곡선을 활용하여 선다형 평가 문항 112개의 정답지와 오답지 반응률 곡선의 유형을 분류하고, 유형별 문항 특성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 정답지는 5가지 유형(S자형, J자형, 직선형, F자형, 계단형)으로 분류하였고, 오답지는 4가지 유형(보통형, 평지형, 산지형, 상승형)으로 분류하였다. S자형의 정답지 반응 곡선과 보통형의 오답지 반응 곡선이 조합인 문항이 가장 많았으며, 성취 수준에 따라 학생들을 변별하는데 적절한 문항인 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 정답 반응률 분포와 오답 반응률 분포가 서로 연관되는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 토대로 교수 학습, 교실 평가 등에서 함의를 논의하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4460-4467
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• 2010

최근 컴퓨터시스템으로 전환되고 있는 철도시스템에서 소프트웨어에의 의존성이 급격히 증가함에 따라 임베디드화된 철도시스템 소프트웨어 신뢰성과 안전성의 검증이 중요한 문제로 대두되기 시작했다. 이에 따라 철도 소프트웨어 관련 국제표준에서도 각종 소프트웨어 테스트 및 검증활동을 요구하고 있으며, 이에 대응하여 본 논문에서는 철도시스템 소프트웨어 테스트 커버리지 자동화 도구 및 기준 분석과 개발 결과에 대해 제시하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 철도시스템 소프트웨어 안전성 검증을 위한 정량적인 항목으로 매우 중요한 테스트 커버리지를 자동으로 측정할 수 있는 제어흐름 분석도구를 개발하였으며, 본 도구의 결과를 실제 철도 산업 현장에서 활용하기 위해 타분야 제시기준 등을 분석하여 철도 소프트웨어 안전무결성레벨(SWSIL)에 따른 판단 기준을 제시하였다. 개발한 도구는 기존 해외 도구에 비해서 여러 테스트 커버리지를 효과적으로 측정할 수 있는 강점이 있으며, 실제 철도 현장에서 활용성이 높아 철도 소프트웨어의 개발 및 테스트 기술 발전을 기대할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.382-395
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 지역박탈지수와 사회적 자본이 주관적 건강수준에 미치는 영향을 알아봄으로써 주거지역의 특성이 그 지역에 거주하는 인구집단의 건강에 영향을 미치는지를 파악해 보고자 함이다. 이를 위해 2011년 지역사회건강조사를 활용하여 전국 253개 지역의 229,186명을 대상으로 다수준 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주관적 건강수준에 대한 5개의 응답범주 중 자신의 건강을 '보통', '좋지 않음', '매우 좋지 않음' 이라고 응답한 인구집단을 대상으로 첫번째 분석이 이루어 졌으며, '보통'을 제외하고 '좋지 않음', '매우 좋지 않음' 이라고 응답한 인구집단을 대상으로 두번째 분석이 이루어졌다. 분석결과 두 번째 분석에서 지역박탈지수가 통계적으로 유의미했던 반면 '보통'이라고 응답한 인구집단이 비양호건강 집단에 포함된 첫 번째 그룹에서는 유의미하지 않았다. 사회적 자본은 두 그룹 모두 유의미하지 않았다. 본 연구에서 값이 크지는 않지만 지역박탈지수가 지역의 맥락효과로서의 설명력을 보였으며 그 효과는 일부지역에 국한된 것이 아니라 한국 사회 전체에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 지역적 개입을 통한 건강수준향상을 위한 노력이 경주되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 주관적 건강수준 평가 연구에서 기존 연구결과와 비교 분석을 하려면 '비양호' 또는 '양호'의 기준을 동일하게 설정할 필요가 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

Purpose - This study investigates the improvement of rationalization of distribution structure in Korean diamond market. It also explores the international distribution of diamond and how the distribution of Korean diamond market system was improved. This study also for providing the evaluation method in case of purchasing diamond on the consumers. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The research investigates how international diamond distribution market has been changed since 1933 by De Beers. The international Diamond rough stone has been deregulated in supply and demand by Debeers since July, 2000, therefore, the price maintenance policy of diamond market also has been changed. In the short term, the diamond price in market has been down, whereas, in the long term, the market share of Debeers has affected the high quality of diamond price in world market. Before 1985, both G color and VVS1 clarity were used as the level of percentages in the diamond certificate of authenticity in Korea. But, after 1985, the diamond certificate of authenticity uses Diamond Grading Report. Results - Between the 1970's and 1980's, Debeers had controlled about 80 percentages of international diamond supply market. But, Debeers share in diamond market fell by 60 percentages in 2000's. Debeers supplied 31%(4390 carets) of international diamond supply and 41%(39 billion dollars) in 2003. However, Debeers shares 50% of market shares in the diamond supply market by Alosa in Russia. In Korea, the diamond grading report system has been used since 1985. But, the diamond grading report system has price bubbles and much irrational parts in grading system methods. Conclusions - 4C, the grading system of diamond, is a method for comparing and evaluating diamond objectively. Diamond is graded according to its color, cut, clarity, and carat. The price of diamond is determined based on its each item. Consumers purchase diamond for the purpose of investment and wearing. In terms of investment, it is recommended to purchase diamond with color of D grade, cut with Excellent or Very Good Cut grade, Clarity of FL or IF, and more than 3 carat. As for wearing purpose, it is highly recommended for diamond to have color of F or G grade, cut of Excellent or Very Good Cut, clarity of VS2 or SI1, and more than 1 carat Before 2000, Central Selling Organization(CSO) distributed about 80 percentages rough diamond to world market exclusively by purchase, classification, assessment, and sales. After 2000, Dbeers diamond company looses slowly market shares, while Almosa diamond company etc. in Russia are taking over world market shares more and more. Debeers market shares have been falling over the years, and the international diamond markets are gradually growing by other international diamond companies. But, there is no change in Korean diamond market after 1980's. Korean diamond distribution needs to follow international level of Diamond Grading System. By using different grading systems with different panel members, Korean diamond grading system needs to follow international perfect grading systems to grow diamond markets and maintain within top 10 diamond markets countries.