• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.277-291
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• 1995

The study was designed to grasp the mental health of junior college students and identify the relation between mental health and social support. The subjects for this study were 781 sophomores attending T junior college in Taegu. The data were collected through questionnaire during the period from september 10,1993 to september 24, 1993. The results of this can be summarized as follows: In mental health the average mark was 1.94 on the basis of 5 marks. Those whose mark was more than 75% (low) had Depression(8.7%),Obsessive compulsive reaction(5.2%) Anxiety(3.6%). In social support, the average mark was 3.03 on the basis of 4 marks, which showed comparatively high support; relationship with friends was 75.4%, companionship was 75.4%, and mutual understanding was 72.3%. Many students got more than 75% in total marks. In the state of mental health, there was a significant difference depending on sex, total income, the character and the attitude toward his parents. There is also an unusual difference in social support depending on the major subjects, the character, the problem at present and the attitude toward his parents. In mental health, both male and female students got higher marks in Depression, Obsessive compulsive reaction than in any other item. In social support level all students had a high support in the relationship with friends and mutual understanding. Those who are affectionate to and dependent on their parents had a tendency to have better mental health. The simple correlation modules between social support mark and mental health one was -0.5555 and the partial correlation modules of controlling sex, age, growth place was -0.5557. There was little difference between them. In mental health items Interpersonal sensitivity was highest correlated with social support and Somatinization was lowest correlated. There was a significant correlation between mental health and social support: the higher social support were, the better mental health was. In conclusion, the study showed that the relationship between the social support and the mental health level revealed a significant correlation. In social support Expressive support (companionship support, mutual understanding support) showed a higher degree of support than instrumental support(monetary support, demand support). Therefore, in the guidance of students, it is necessary to expand expressive support considering these respects. Further multidimensional study is needed on how to improve the mental health of junior students through the social support.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구는 노인의 인지수준이 낙상을 유발하는 위험 행동요인과 어떤 상관관계를 갖는지 알아보기 위하여 진행되었다. 연구방법: 2017년 10월부터 12월까지 3개월 간 4개의 도시에 거주하고 있는 65세 이상 인지장애가 있는 노인 및 인지장애가 없는 노인 43명을 대상으로 인지기능 평가(K-MoCA) 및 낙상행동요인척도(FaB)를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 두 평가의 총점 결과간의 상관관계를 SPSS 22를 사용하여 분석하였고, 각각의 낙상행동요인과 인지수준과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과: 노인의 인지수준과 낙상행동요인 간에 통계적으로 유의미한 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). 노인 낙상행동요인 척도의 총 30개의 문항 중 9개의 문항이 K-MoCA의 총점과 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 노인의 인지수준이 높을수록 낙상위험 행동요인이 적고, 인지수준이 낮을수록 낙상위험 행동요인을 인식하지 못하고 낙상관련 위험행동을 하는 양상을 보인다. 특히 일부 낙상위험 행동요인은 인지수준과 상관관계가 있어 관련 중재를 제공할 시 고려해주는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.35-41
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• 2002

현금흐름 예측에 대한 많은 자료들은 실제 Tendering Stage(입찰단계) 혹은 Planning Stage(계획단계)의 Model들로서 Feasibility Study를 위한 Cash Flow Forecasting 주였다. 이 Model 들의 기법들은 하나의 Project를 통해서 Cash Flow를 예측하는 Model들이 대부분이고, 예측 방법은 주로 통계적인 접근 방법, 예들 들어 과거 Data를 통해서 Cash Flow 예측 곡선 Model 만들고 Project 유형별 상수나 변수 값을 부여함으로서 예측에 적용하였거나, Fuzzy Technique을 이용하여 Progress와 Cash Flow의 관계를 수식화 한 Model에 관리자의 경험과 판단에 의한 Forecasting Model도 제시되었다. 또한 Cash Flow가 아닌 기성 Flow 및 Cost Flow를 기준으로 한 표준화된 Model이 제시되었다 다른 한편으로는 Schedule과 Cost를 통합한 방법들, 즉, 간단한 주요 Activity와 Cost를 연결한 방법, Activity와 Cost Item과의 연결, 또는 Work Package를 이용한 방법, 마지막으로 좀더 정확도를 기하기 위한 Resource Level까지의 통합을 통해서 Project의 Cash Flow를 예측한 연구들이 이루어 졌다. 그러나 이러한 모든 예측 방법은 실제로 Planning Stage에 Forecasting한 Model로서 현재 진행중인 Project에 적용하기에는 그 정확도면에서 상당히 떨어지고, 대부분의 Model들은 Cash Flow 예측에 가장 중요한 Time lags를 고려하지 않았다. 또한Resource까지 연결은 현장 Engineer들의 많은 작업과 관리를 요구하게 된다. 본 연구는 시공단계에서의 Project의 현금흐름 예측에 관한 연구로서 매출계획과 건설회사의 실행 예산을 이용하여 현금흐름예측을 할 수 있는 Model을 제시하였다. 특히 건설공사의 현금흐름 예측의 중요한 요소인 Cash-Out에 대하여, 공사비 구성요소인 자재, 노무, 중기, 외주, 경비등 각 Resource의 보할(Weights)을 실 공사원가에 따른 보할의 변화와 Resource들의 Time Lag를 적용 기존 연구자의 Model과 다른 Model을 제시하였다. 또한 기존 연구자들의 Model과 비교하여 편리성, 정확도 및 신뢰성이 높은 Model임도 증명하였다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2009

Background : Traditional Korean medicine(TKM) has gained in popularity among chronic patients in recent years. The use of TKM among patients with chronic diseases is common, with about two thirds of patients using some form of TKM in Korea. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of TKM and determine what factors affect to use TKM among patients with chronic diseases. The study also aims to provide information on TKM therapies and assist therapy selection among various TKM therapies for patients with chronic diseases. Methods : The design of the study was descriptive cross-sectional, and data were collected using a 21-item questionnaire. This study was conducted with subjects with confirmed diagnosis of chronic diseases, who live in Jeju Province, Korea. Results : Among the participants, past or current TKM use was 66.7%, with a statistically significant difference in gender and level of health status groups(p<0.05), but no difference in age, marital status, education, occupation, and income groups. The most common therapies of TKM used by the patients included acupuncture(51.1%), physiotherapy(16.8%), cupping(13.5%), and herbal medicine(4.8%). The main benefits from TKM perceived by the patients were chronic diseases management and health promotion. In a logistic regression analysis, significant influencing factors related to TKM use were gender, family income level, the extent of recognition of efficacy, heath status, and health security program. Conclusions : In this study the socio-demographic and health status, recognition of TKM efficacy factors associated with TKM use among patients with chronic diseases were similar to those found in the general population. The findings suggest that due to the relatively high use of TKM among patients with chronic diseases in Korea, this topic should be taken into account in the development of a holistic approach for patients with chronic diseases and an efficient chronic disease management system. Additionally proactive and consistent management of TKM is necessary in the health care system in Korea.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identified the level of the exposure to the PC Pornography and what's their post-exposure reactions to the PC pornography. The subjects were 423 middle school boys in Pusan. The survey was executed from July 12 through October 30, 1999. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS WIN using the %, mean, ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows: 1. 79.4%(336 boys) were exposed to the PC pornography. 46.3%(196 boys) answered that they experienced the published pornography prior to the PC pornography. 2. 78.5%(333 boys) answered that they had their PC in their homes. This ratio revealed the higher level of possession. 67.6% said that their PC were set in their own rooms. 57.9% of the subject answered they experienced the Internet Communications. 68.6% of the subject said that they tried PC communications once or twice in a week. 38.5% of the subject expressed that they used their own PC for 1-2 hours in a day. Most of them(82.7%) enjoyed the PC games or entertainment programs. 81.3% of the subject answered that their school performance didn't show the progress after the use of their own PC. 78.3% of the subject answered that they acquired information. 45.2% of the subject answered that they made their friend through the Internet communications. 78.7% of the subject answered that the time of family dialogue decreased. 70.7% of the subject answered that the time of their TV watching decreased. 3. As for their post-exposure reactions the subject who were exposed to the PC Pornography showed the point 2.93 in the item 'pleasure'. The point of 'sexual impulses' was 2.81. But the point of 'anxiety' was 2.75, the point of 'dislike or disgust' was 2.62, the point of 'guilty' was 2.59. 4. According to the frequency, the motivation and the companionship on the exposure to PC Pornography, their post-exposure reaction scores showed differences significantly. Finally, the post-exposure reaction had relation to the frequency, the motivation, the companionship and the place (F=3.28 ~ 8.40, p=.012 ~ .000).

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.207-231
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• 2011

본 연구는 다문화 사회복지 실무자가 다문화적 배경의 클라이언트와 효과적으로 일하기 위해 갖추어야 하는 문화적 역량의 구성개념을 탐색하고 이에 따른 척도를 개발, 타당화하는데 그 목적을 두었다. 먼저, 척도 개발을 위해 외국의 문화적 역량 관련 척도 분석과 다문화 사회복지 실무자 8명을 대상으로 포커스그룹 인터뷰를 실시하여 40개의 예비문항을 구성하였다. 이에 대해 사회복지 전문가 20명에게 2회에 걸친 예비조사 및 전문가회의를 실시하여 최종적으로 32개 예비문항을 확정하였다. 척도의 타당화를 위해 개발된 예비문항을 전국의 다문화 사회복지 실무자 194명을 대상으로 평가하였다. 요인분석을 통해 문화적 역량을 구성하는 요인의 수는 4개가 가장 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 요인 1은 '다문화적 실천기술', 요인 2는 '문화적 인식 및 민감성', 요인 3은 '다문화 지식', 요인 4는 '문화차이 극복노력'으로 명명하였고, 이는 관련 선행연구들 및 척도 개발과정에서 밝힌 문화적 역량의 개념화 논의와 부합되었다. 확인적 요인분석을 한 결과 모형적합도가 우수하였고, 유사 개념 척도 간의 수렴타당도가 적절하게 나타났다. 또한, 4개 요인의 Cronbach's alpha값, 반분신뢰도 및 측정의 표준오차 분석 결과 신뢰도 또한 양호하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 사회복지적 함의를 논하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.541-549
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• 1997

This study was done to describe health promoting lifestyle and determine affecting factors in elderly based on the Heath Promotion Model by Pender. Cognitive-perceptual factors that were included in this study were self-efficacy and hardiness. Modifying factors were demographic characteristics (sex, age, partner, previous illness, education level. income and religion). The specific purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of self-efficacy, hardiness and the demographic chasteristics to health promoting lifestyle and to determine causal factors affecting the elderly. The subjects were a volunteer sample of 98 elderly in one city in? The instruments for this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile(47items, 4scale), Health Related Hardiness Scale(22i1ems, 6scale), general Self-Efficacy Scale(13i1ems, 5scale). Frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and Stepwise Multiple regression technique with SAS program were used to analyse the data. The Results of the study are as follows : 1) The average item score for the health promoting lifestyle was 2.63, the highest score on the subscales was interpersonal support (M=3.3), followed by self-actulization(M=2.9), nutrition(M=2.8), stress management(M=2.7), health responsibility(M=2.1) with the lowest bring exercise(M=2.0) 2) A significant difference between education level, income, religion and health promoting lifestyle were found. 3) All of the subscales on health promoting lifestyle were positively related to total hardiness (r=0.330, p<0.001). The hardiness subscale of control was positively related to self-actulization(r=0.276, p<0.01), and commitment was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.315, p<0.001), exercise /nutrition(r=0.245, p<0.01), interpersonal support(r=0.278, p<0.01), stress management(r=0.250, p<0.01). Challenge was positively related to self-actualization(r=0.315, p<0.001), exercise /nutrition(r=0.245, p<0.01). There was no significant correlation between self-efficacy and all of the subscales of health promoting lifestyle. Self-efficacy showed a significant correlation only with control(r=0.469, p<0.001), comittment(r=0.507, p<0.001), challenge (r=0.489, p< 0.001). 4) Comittment, self-efficacy and income explained 25.01% of the variance for the total health promoting lifestyle. The results of this study show that commitment, self efficacy and income predicted the health promoting lifestyle of the elderly. So health promoting programs that increase commitement and self-efficacy should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle of the elderly, especially those who have low income.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.577-587
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• 1997

Purpose : To collect and interpret basic data involving the discomfort level of platelet donors and to see which nursing interventions would help make plateletpheresis more comfortable. Methods : Using "the Platelet Donor's Discomfort Scale" developed by the researcher herself and reviewed by an expert panel, the severity of discomfort as well as factors contributing to the development of this discomfort were analyzed. This scale contained 59 items and each item was scored by the 4-point Likert manner. Between March 1, 1996 and May 31, 1996, 500 platelet donors(16 years of age and older) were enrolled in this study. The Statistical methods used were factor analysis, t-test, and ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. The mean of the platelet donor's discomfort scale was 130, range 69-207, possible score ranging from 59-236. 2. The platelet donor's discomfort scale had psychological, environmental, physical, and time-related factors. The time- related factor was the highest positive correlation with the development of the discomfort. 3. In looking at the psychological and environmental factors of the discomfort scores, the 16-20 age group had significantly higher ratings than those of the 26-30 age group. The students' group had higher scores than the soldier's group, and those who used the V-50, MCS -3P, or the PCS Plus machines had higher scores than those who used the COBE Spectra machine(P<.05, respectively), 4. In relation to the physical factor of the discomfort score, the youngest group felt significantly more discomfort, the student's group had a higher score than the soldier's group, and those who used the V-50, MCS-3P, or or the PCS Plus machines had higher scores than those who used the COBE Spectra machine(P<.05, respectively). 5. The time related factor of the discomfort score had the highest scores in every variable, however, statistically significant differences were not found between any of the variables(P>.05). Conclusion : Based on the above results, it can be oserved that the time-related factor was the most important factor influencing discomfort. The age and job of the donor, as well as the type of machine used, were significant variables in predicting the level of discomfort, regardless of psychological, environmental, and physical factors. This data could be used to determine nursing interventions that would relieve some of the discomfort of patients, as well as donors, undergoing plateletpheresis. Furthermore, consideration of the donor's time, introduction of a platelet donor pool system, publicity and education about platelet donation are required.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 1988

Herzberg and his associates concluded from their findings that job satisfaction consisted on two independent dimension ; the first dimension was related to job satisfaction, the second to job dissatisfaction. According to the Herzberg theory, the satisfiers are related to the nature of the work itself and the rewards that flow directly from the performance of that work. The dissatisfaction factors are associated with the individual's relation to the context or environment in which he works. The purpose of this study was to investigate selected factors which result in job satisfaction / dissatisfaction of nurses employed in general hospital. In a study of this nature, it is important that the population be as homogenous as possible in order to reduce the effects of the different environments and backgrounds on job satisfaction. A job satisfaction questionnaire developed by Slabitt et als. was used for this study. It contains 45 statements and utilizes a Likert type scale of 5. Participants were asked to select response which were congruent with their perceptions of the item. It was decided to conduct the study in one general hospital in Seoul. A sample of 505 clinical nurses were selected to participate in this study. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The overall mean score for the 45 five-point scales of job satisfaction items was 2.945, showing that the subjects of this study were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. 2. To identify the specific job related factors that result in Job satisfaction / dissatisfaction, the 45 items of job satisfaction were divided into 6 areas and the mean scores and % of agreement were compared. The specific job related factor that resulted in job satisfaction was the job status and those that resulted in job dissatisfaction were salaries, task requirements and organization requirements. But the areas of autonomy and interaction did not belong to either side of the specific job related factors. 3. To identify the relationship between the job satisfaction and the subject's general characteristic, data was analyzed using the t-test and the Pearson correlation coefficient. It was found that the relationship between the job satisfaction and the request for rotation and intention to remain on the job were statistically significant at .05 level, but the relationship between the job satisfaction and age, work experience, and educational background were nor statistically significant at the .05 level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4053-4056
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• 2013

Background: Colposcopy is the gold standard procedure for evaluating cervical cytological abnormalities. Although it is essentially a minimally invasive intervention, referral for colposcopy may cause significant distress on patients. In this study, we aimed to determine if pre-procedural anxiety levels have a significant association with procedure related pain and discomfort in women undergoing colposcopy for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology. We also assessed the impact of various clinical factors on anxiety, pain and discomfort in these patients. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was performed at the gynecologic oncology department of Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital in Ankara, Turkey between January and June 2013. After taking informed consent, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) form and a 14-item questionnaire were filled for women who were admitted to our outpatient colposcopy unit for evaluation of abnormal cervical cytology. STAI scores were calculated for each participant. Immediately after the procedure, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for procedure-related pain and discomfort were obtained. Associations between STAI and VAS scores were investigated using correlation analyses. The effect of various contributing factors on anxiety, pain and discomfort were evaluated with linear regression analysis. The p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 222 women met the inclusion criteria within the study period. Mean patient age was $38.5{\pm}9.6$. Median state and trait anxiety scores were 47 and 46, respectively. Median VAS scores for pain and discomfort were 4 for both variables. State anxiety had a significant correlation with procedure related discomfort (p=0.02). Colposcopy related pain VAS scores were significantly affected by state anxiety level, marital status and prior gynecological examination (p<0.05). Colposcopy related discomfort VAS scores were significantly affected by state anxiety level, marital status, prior gynecological examination and educational status. Conclusions: Additional measures should be implemented in women that carry higher risk for experiencing pain and discomfort. Social, cultural and lifestyle issues may also affect women's experiences during colposcopy, therefore further studies are needed to define specific determining factors in various populations.