• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.145-152
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• 2021

In the Recent times, various technological enhancements in the field of artificial intelligence and big data has been noticed. This advancement coupled with the evolution of the 5G communication and Internet of Things technologies, has helped in the development in the domain of smart mine construction. The development of unmanned vehicles with enhanced and smart scheduling system for open-pit mine transportation is one such much needed application. Traditional open-pit mining systems, which often cause vehicle delays and congestion, are controlled by human authority. The number of sensors has been used to operate unmanned cars in an open-pit mine. The sensors haves been used to prove the real-time data in large quantity. Using this data, we analyses and create an improved transportation scheduling mechanism so as to optimize the paths for the vehicles. Considering the huge amount the data received and aggregated through various sensors or sources like, the GPS data of the unmanned vehicle, the equipment information, an intelligent, and multi-target, open-pit mine unmanned vehicle schedules model was developed. It is also matched with real open-pit mine product to reduce transport costs, overall unmanned vehicle wait times and fluctuation in ore quality. To resolve the issue of scheduling the transportation, we prefer to use algorithms based on artificial intelligence. To improve the convergence, distribution, and diversity of the classic, rapidly non-dominated genetic trial algorithm, to solve limited high-dimensional multi-objective problems, we propose a decomposition-based restricted genetic algorithm for dominance (DBCDP-NSGA-II).

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.801-808
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• 2021

The issue of the relationship between environmental degradation and human health has been widely addressed by medical doctors. However, economists have sparsely debated it. The release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the air can cause several environmental problems and, thus, it can affect human health. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the effect of CO2 emissions on life expectancy in the D-8 countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey) from 1992 to 2017. The panel ARDL method is employed and, then, the PMG estimator is selected. The results show that economic growth, population growth and health expenditure can significantly and positively affect life expectancy, but CO2 emissions can have a significant and negative effect on life expectancy. Since, the major findings reveal that life expectancy can be explained by CO2 emissions. Hence, it is important to formulate policies on reducing CO2 emissions so that life expectancy will not be affected. Energy diversification policies should be formulated or improved in some countries. This is to ensure that the countries are not highly dependent on non-renewable energy that can harm the environment. The government should increase its expenditure on the health sector to save more lives by extend human lifespan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.68-75
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• 2021

The fuel economy is a key issue for the automotive industry due to environmental concerns. In particular, only 5-20% of the energy generated in a car using an internal combustion engine is used as power, and the remaining energy is dissipated due to friction with other parts. The main components in the reciprocating piston type compressors commonly used in general vehicles include shafts, swash plates, pistons, and cylinders, and severe friction loss occurs due to the contact of these components. Generally, the wear contact is the maximum between the shaft and cylinder and between the piston and swash plate. The friction of these parts may cause quality problems and deteriorate the durability. In this study, to reduce the frictional loss, a prototype with additional coating agents was produced. Moreover, an optimized design was generated, and performance, noise, and durability tests were conducted. A more durable product was successfully obtained.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

With the development of information technology, the cybersecurity threat continues as digital-related technologies are applied to the instrumentation and control system of nuclear power plants. The malfunction of the instrumentation and control system can cause economic damage due to shutdown, and furthermore, it can lead to national disasters such as radioactive emissions, so countering cybersecurity threats is an important issue. In general, the study of cybersecurity in instrumentation and control systems is concentrated on safety systems, and diverse protection systems perform protection and reactor shutdown functions, leading to reactor shutdown or, in the worst case, non-stop situations. To accurately analyze cyber threats in the diverse protection system, its linked facilities should be analyzed together. Risk analysis should be conducted by analyzing the potential impact of inter-facility cyberattacks on related facilities and the impact of cybersecurity on each configuration module of the diverse protection system. In this paper, we analyze the linkage of the diverse protection system and discuss the cybersecurity linkage threat by analyzing the availability of equipment, the cyber threat impact of the linked equipment, and the configuration module's cybersecurity vulnerability.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 2022

Peroneal tendon disorders are one of many causes of chronic lateral ankle pain. They are related to chronic conditions and anatomical factors and can cause persistent pain and functional impairment if neglected. Peroneal tendon tears are frequently misdiagnosed due to the absence of clear symptoms. For subacute or chronic peroneal tendon ruptures, tendons often became irreparable, and hence various surgical options have been introduced to address this issue. Current surgical treatment options include debridement and tubularization, tenodesis, tendon transfer, and reconstruction with a graft. There have been a few reports on the use of reconstruction techniques with an allograft. In this report, we present a rare case of a peroneal tendon reconstruction technique using an allograft in a young male with simultaneous irreparable peroneus longus and a complete rupture of the brevis tendon. The management plan, prognostic outlook, and a subsequent review of the relevant literature are also presented.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.1085-1097
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• 2022

A printed circuit steam generator (PCSG) is being considered as the component for pressurized water reactor (PWR) type small modular reactor (SMR) that can further reduce the physical size of the system. Since a steam generator in many PWR-type SMR generates superheated steam, it is expected that dryout front oscillation can potentially cause thermal fatigue failure due to cyclic thermal stresses induced by the transition in boiling regimes between convective evaporation and film boiling. To investigate the fatigue issue of a PCSG, a reference PCSG is designed in this study first using an in-house PCSG design tool. For the stress analysis, a finite element method analysis model is developed to obtain the temperature and stress fields of the designed PCSG. Fatigue estimation is performed based on ASME Boiler and pressure vessel code to identify the major parameters influencing the fatigue life time originating from the dryout front oscillation. As a result of this study, the limit on the temperature difference between the hot side and cold side fluids is obtained. Moreover, it is found that the heat transfer coefficient of convective evaporation and film boiling regimes play an essential role in the fatigue life cycle as well as the temperature difference.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.482-487
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• 2022

In lower abdominal flap representing transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap, superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) exists as superficial and independent venous system from deep system. The superficial venous drainage is dominant despite a dominant deep arterial supply in anterior abdominal wall. As TRAM or DIEP flaps began to be widely used for breast reconstruction, venous congestion issue has been arisen. Many clinical series in regard to venous congestion despite patent microvascular anastomosis site were reported. Venous congestion could be divided in two conditions by the area of venous congestion and each condition is from different anatomical causes. First, if venous congestion was shown in whole flap, it is due to the connection between SIEV and vena comitantes of DIEP. Second, if venous congestion is limited in above midline (Hartrampf zone II), it is due to problem in venous midline crossover. In this article, the authors reviewed the role of SIEV in lower abdominal flap based on the various anatomic and clinical studies. The contents are mainly categorized into four main issues; basic anatomy of SIEV, the two cause of venous congestion, connection between SIEV and vena comitantes of DIEP, and midline crossover of SIEV.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

The Core Protection Calculator System (CPCS) is vital for plant safety as it ensures the required Specified Acceptance Fuel Design Limit (SAFDL) are not exceeded. The CPCS generates trip signals when Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) and Local Power Density (LPD) exceeds their predetermined setpoints. These setpoints are established based on the operating margin from the analysis that produces the SAFDL values. The goal of this research is to create a simplified CPCS that optimizes operating margin for I-SMRs. Because the I-SMR is compact in design, instrumentation placement is a challenge, as it is with Ex-core detectors and RCP instrumentation. The proposed CPCS addresses the issue of power flux measurement with In-Core Instrumentation (ICI), while flow measurement is handled with differential pressure transmitters between Steam Generators (SG). Simplification of CPCS is based on a Look-Up-Table (LUT) for determining the CEA groups' position. However, simplification brings approximations that result in a loss of operational margin, which necessitates compensation. Appropriate compensation is performed based on the result of analysis. FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are presented as a way to compensate for the inadequacies of current systems by providing faster execution speeds and a lower Common Cause Failure rate (CCF).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.173-182
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• 2023

Cancer is a global public health issue that becomes the second primary cause of death globally. Considering the side effects of radio- or chemo-therapy, natural phytochemicals are promising alternatives for therapeutic interventions to alleviate the side effects and complications. Ginsenoside Rh2 (GRh2) is the main phytochemical extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer with anticancer activity. GRh2 could induce apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells and inhibit proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, GRh2 could be used as an adjuvant to chemotherapeutics to enhance the anticancer effect and reverse the adverse effects. Here we summarized the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of GRh2 and proposed future directions to promote the development and application of GRh2.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.535-550
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• 2015

This study looks into different life styles of Chinese FITs and how their life styles might cause differences in tourist satisfation, intention of revisiting and recommendation. Based on the analyses of the life styles of Chinese FITs who visited Korea, the final result concluded 27 questions and 5 causes. In total, 6 hypotheses were accepted through confidence analysis, correlational analysis of variables, life style cluster analysis and analysis of differences between life style clusters. So the study expects to make a positive contribution, providing useful information to create strategies to intrigue more Chinese FITs and develop better tourist product.