• 한국균학회지
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• 제25권4호통권83호
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• pp.340-347
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• 1997

사과와 고추에서 분리된 Colletotrichum gloeosporioides의 색소형성형 및 유성세대형 계통균주들의 배양적 및 분생포자의 특성을 비교하였다. 유성세대 형성 계통들의 균사생장은 감자한천배지와 V-8배지에서 색소형성형계통에 비하여 빨랐다. 사과와 고추에서 분리된 색소형성형계통은 감자한천배지와 V-8배지에서 회백${\sim}$회록색의 균사가 환문을 이루면서 군데 군데에 황색${\sim}$연분홍색의 포자덩어리를 생성하였고 자낭포자세대를 형성하는 것은 없었다. 고추에서 분리된 계통은 사과와 감자한천배지에 한쪽 끝이 좁은 포자를 생성하였으나 V-8배지와 물한천잎배지의 것은 방추형이고 더 작았다. 사과에서 분리된 색소형성계통은 공시된 모든 배지에서 방추형의 분생포자를 생성하였다. 사과와 고추에서 분리된 유성세대 형성 계통들은 원통형의 포자를 형성하였는데 대부분은 양끝이 둥글었으며 감자한천배지와 V-8배지에서는 소흑점이 산재한 회백${\sim}$흑록색의 환문균층을 이루면서 자낭포자세대를 형성하였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to characterize the hemolytic Aeromonas sp. MH-8 exposed to green tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Initially, the hemolytic Aeromonas sp. MH-8 was enriched and isolated from stale fish. Bactericidal effects of MH-8 exposed to EGCG ranging from 1 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL were monitored, and complete bactericidal effects were achieved within 3 h at 3 mg/mL and higher concentrations. SDS-PAGE with silver staining revealed that the amount of lipopolysaccharides increased or decreased in the strain MH-8 treated to different concentrations and exposing periods of EGCG in exponentially growing cultures. The stress shock proteins (70-kDa DnaK and 60-kDa GroEL), which might contribute to enhancing the cellular resistance to the cytotoxic effect of EGCG, were induced at different concentrations of EGCG exposed to cell culture of MH-8. Scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated the presence of irregular rod shapes with umbilicated surfaces for cells treated with EGCG. 2-DE of soluble protein fractions from MH-8 cultures showed 18 protein spots changed by EGCG exposure. These proteins involved in chaperons (e.g., DnaK, GroEL and trigger factor), enterotoxins (e.g., aerolysin and phospholipase C precursor), LPS synthesis (e.g., LPS biosynthesis protein and outer membrane protein A precursor), and various biosynthesis and energy metabolism were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF. In consequence, EGCG was found to have substantial antibacterial effects against food-poisoning causing bacterium, hemolytic Aeromonas sp. MH-8. Also the results provide clues for understanding the mechanism of EGCG-induced stress and cytotoxicity on Aeromonas sp. MH-8.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1971

본 시험은 우리나라에서 발생하는 푸른곰팡이병균의 종의 빈도와 발병환경 및 방제법을 구명코져 실시하였다. 시험결과 Trichoderma koningi, T. lignorum, T. glaucum과 미동정의 1종등 4종의 병원균이 분리되었고 이들의 빈도는 각각 $50\%\;32\%,\;13\%$와 $5\%$이었다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 감자배양액, 왁스만배양액과 리차드배양액에서 생육이 잘 되었으며 중성-염기성배지에서는 생육이 불량한 반면 산성에서 생육이 왕성하였으며 최적산도는 pH4였다. 양송이 수확기간 중 재배사내의 온도는 $15^{\circ}C$내외 일 때 본명의 발생이 적었고 수량이 많으며 $20^{\circ}C$이상에서는 본병의 발생이 격심하였다. 푸른곰팡이병균은 복토흙 소독시 $70^{\circ}C$에서 60분, 혹은 $80^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 열처리하므로서 완전히 사멸하였고 퇴비 후발효 과정에서도 사멸되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2011

Recently, we found that Arthrobacter crystallopoietes N-08 isolated from soil directly produces trehalose from maltose by a resting cell reaction. In this study, the optimal set of conditions and substrate specificity for the trehalose production using resting cells was investigated. Optimum temperature and pH of the resting cell reaction were $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5, respectively, and the reaction was stable for two hours at $37{\sim}55^{\circ}C$ and for one hour at the wide pH ranges of 3~9. Various disaccharide substrates with different glycosidic linkages, such as maltose, isomaltose, cellobiose, nigerose, sophorose, and laminaribiose, were converted into trehalose-like spots in thin layer chromatography (TLC). These results indicated broad substrate specificity of this reaction and the possibility that cellobiose could be converted into other trehalose anomers such as ${\alpha},{\beta}$- and ${\beta},{\beta}$-trehalose. Therefore, the product after the resting cell reaction with cellobiose was purified by ${\beta}$-glucosidase treatment and Dowex-1 ($OH^-$) column chromatography and its structure was analyzed. Component sugar and methylation analyses indicated that this cellobiose-conversion product was composed of only non-reducing terminal glucopyranoside. MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS/MS analyses suggested that this oligosaccharide contained a non-reducing disaccharide unit with a 1,1-glucosidic linkage. When this disaccharide was analyzed by $^1H$-NMR and $^{13}C$-NMR, it gave the same signals with ${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranosyl-(1,1)-${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that cellobiose can be converted to ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-trehalose by the resting cells of A. crystallopoietes N-08.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.134-137
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• 2008

경북 청도지역의 단 고추 과일에 나타난 큰 괴저 반점 및 과일 괴저와 잎에 엽맥 녹대 및 기형 병징을 일으키는 바이러스는 오이모자이크바이러스의 새로운 계통인 CMV-NP로 분류동정되었다. CMV-NP는 직경이 26 nm의 구형이었으며, VC/RT-PCR 유전자 진단결과 CMV로 확인되었다. CMV-NP는 오이(Cucumis sativus) 등 9개 지표식물에 전신감염을 일으켰으며, 명아주(Chenopodim amaranticolor; C. quinoa)에 국부감염을 일으켰다. CMV-NP는 담배(N. rustica)와 번행초(Tetragonia expansa)의 접종잎과 상엽에 특이한 괴저 원형 반점을 일으켰다. 특히 오이에서는 상엽에 큰 퇴록 원형반점과 엽맥퇴록 병징을 일으켰으며 독말풀(Datura stramonium)에서는 병원성이 없었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2006

Kudzu vine(Pueraria montana var. lobata) is an invasive climbing woody vine that envelops trees and shrubs, pressing physically and shutting out sunlight, which needs to be controlled. Kudzu vine pathogens were surveyed as a way to seek its biocontrol agents in 2002. Occurrence of a bacterial halo blight disease of kudzu vine was observed at several localities in Korea including Euiwang and Suwon in Gyeonggi Province, Daejon, and Gochang and Buan in Jeonbuk Province. Symptoms of brown to black spots with a surrounding yellowish halo appeared from June and lasted till the rainy season without much expansion, but accompanying often leaf blight and defoliation. Isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola based on physiological and cultural characteristics, Biolog, fatty acid and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses. In artificial inoculation test, these bacteria produced the same halo spot symptoms on kudzu vine and bean plants. They also induced hypersensitive responses (HR) on tobacco, tomato, and chili pepper leaves. This is the first report of a bacterial disease of kudzu vine in Korea, and the bacterial pathogen can be used as a biocontrol agent against the pest plant.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.155-160
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• 2006

A strain of Pepper mottle virus (PepMov) was isolated from chili pepper plants in Korea. In host range study, this virus, designated PepMoV-SNU1, shared most characteristics with PepMoV isolates reported previously. Thermal inactivation point ($45^{\circ}C\;to\;75^{\circ}C$) and dilution end point ($10^{-1}\;to\;10^{-4}$) of PepMoV-SNU1 showed differences depending on the propagation hosts. Cylindrical and pinwheel-shaped inclusions were always observed in pepper leaf tissues infected with the virus alone. Unexpectedly, a special structure of pinwheel shaped inclusion surrounded with unknown small spots was also observed in the leaf section when co-infected with a strain of pepper mild mottle virus. The partial sequence of coat protein gene and 3' untranslated region of PepMoV-SNU1 showed 98% identity with those of other PepMoV isolates. A primer pair derived from 3' end of the coat protein gene and poly A tail regions were designed. Optimal detection condition of PepMoV-SNU1 by RT-PCR was tested to determine appropriate annealing temperature and additional volumes of oligo-dT (18-mer), dNTP, and Taq polymerase. Under the optimized condition, an expected 500 Up PCR-product was detected in pepper leaves infected with PepMoV-SNU1 but not in healthy plants.

• 식물병연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2020

2019년 5월, 잎 표면에서 적색 반점이 관찰되는 참소리쟁이를 충북 괴산군 인근 야산에서 채집하였다. 관찰된 병반의 앞면은 적색 및 황색의 병반이 관찰되었고, 뒷면에는 백색의 돌기가 관찰되었다. 다양한 현미경으로 자세하게 관찰한 결과, 돌기는 녹포자기로 확인되었으며, 많은 녹포자가 확인되었다. 녹포자는 구형 또는 난형이었고 19.0-24.4×19.0-24.5 ㎛의 크기를 가지면서 표면은 무사마귀형으로 관찰되었다. 계통학적 유연관계 분석을 위하여, large subunit rDNA 영역 및 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (CO3) 유전자 영역을 이용하여 계통학적 유연관계를 분석한 결과, 참소리쟁이에서 관찰된 녹병균은 Puccinia pritzliana와 매우 근연한 관계를 가지고 있었다. 관찰된 기주, 포자세대, 형태 및 계통학적 유연관계 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 분석된 녹병균은 국내 미보고 녹병균인 P. phragmitis로 확인하였으며, 위 병원균에 의해 발생한 녹병을 참소리쟁이 잎녹병으로 제안하고자 한다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.787-799
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• 1994

To elucidate morphologic lesion of porcine exudative epidermitis which is occurred sporadically in Korea, Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus isolated from the naturally affected pigs was inoculated to suckling pigs. The infected piglets were observed grossly and histopathologically. Although affected piglets were taking acute, subacute, or chronic course, some piglets suffered from chronic disease showed poor prognosis and marked growth depression. Affected peglets had erythematous skin on the face, ear, and abdomen and these localized lesions appear as brownish spots of exudative epidermitis and fromed crust in the early stage. But, after this stage, the skin were covered by viscous greasy exudate and formed blackish brown crust and appeared fissures and hypertrophy. Grossly, there has been hemorrhage with the removal of crust-like materials of epidermis and edematous subcutis. The superficial lymph nodes were edematous and swollen or congested and hemorrhagic. Some piglets had swollen ureters, cysts in the renal cortex, or polyarthritis. A few cases had mild edematous swelling of kidney, intestinal catarrh and congestion of brain. Microscopically, skin lesions had detachment of keralinized layer and parakeratosis of epidermis, hydropic degeneration of epidermal cell, and retrogressive degeneration of hair root sheath. Dermis had edema, and infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells. As the disease was proceeded, there was marked perivasculitis with lots of mononuclear inflammatory cells. More chronic lesions formed granuloma-like bodies(nodules) due to more mononuclear, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation of fibroblast. Lots of plasma cells and eosinophils were also present in dermis. Epidermis was hyperplastic by proliferation of basal cells stratum germinativum and epidermal pegs often extended into the dermis. In secondary infection, lots of neutrophils could be seen in epidermis and derms. Kidney had neutrophilic infiltration, necrotic and cystic glomeruli, and dilation of renal tubules and ureters. Purulent arthritis was sometimes observed in joints. Three days old mice administrated Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus subcutaneously before had focal congestion and hemorrhage, necrosis, and subcutaneous edema of the skin. This observation was also seen in the study of mice administrated exfoliatin toxin of Staphylococcus which evoked human staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 1978

Aflatoxin, a mixture of the at least four toxic and carcinogenic metabolites, is known to be produced by only a few fungi. The toxins were designated aflatoxins because they were produced by the mold Aspergillus flavus(A. flavus). However, at least four other toxins and other species of the genus A. niger, A. parasiticus A. ruber and wentii have been reported to produce aflatoxins. And also the identical compounds may also be produced by molds, the Pencillium. At least four different species of Penicilliurn have been reported to produce aflatoxins (P. citrinurn, P. frequentans, P. puberulurn. and P. variable). So it is now known that the problem of Aflatoxin is not restricted to the single species A. flavus, even though that is a very common mold. Also additional aflatoxins have been discorvered. For sereral years, only four aflatoxins were known: $B_1, B_2, G_1$ and $G_2$, so designated by reason of their fluorescence and chromatographic charateristics. It is now known that there are really two new toxic materials in the milk. During the past year(1966) they were christened aflatoxin $M_1$ and $M_2$, since they were first found in milk. The two other and most recently discorvered aflatoxins were isolated late in 1966 from cultures of A. flavus, and were designated aflatoxin $B_2a$ and aflatoxin $G_2a$. In order to obtain a breaf information about extent of contamination of foodstuffs by aflatoxin which is known to produce eight different mold, aflatoxin detection of cereals and fermented foods on sale, such as polished rice, barley, wheat, wheat flour, lentil, red bean, soy bean, noodle, kochuj ang and Dwenjang (fermented soy bean paste) and chong Kuk, were carried out. The results of this investigation were summarized as follows: The hexane:$CHCl_3$ extracts of polished rice, barley wheat, wheat flour, lentil, red bean, noodle and kochujang yielded fluorescent spots on thin layer plates. However their Rfvalues were different from those of authentic aflatoxins. The fluorescent substances of the extract from soy bean, Dwenjang and chong kuk showed very similar Rf values to those of the standard aflatoxins. By two dimensional thin layer chromatography and comparison of ultra violet absorption spectra, it was found that these fluorescent substances were not aflatoxins. To conclude, aflatoxins themselves were not detected directly in those samples tested.