• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.25-40
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• 2011

The vascular plants in Jeokjabong, Bogil Island were listed 350 taxa composed of 89 families, 233 genera, 309 species, 1 subspecies, 36 varieties and 4 forms. Divided into woody plants were 142 taxa (40.6%) and herbaceous plants were 208 taxa (59.4%). Based on the list of rare and endangered species by Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 3 taxa were recorded; Celtis choseniana, Asarum maculatum, Rubus sorbifolius, and endemic plants, 10 taxa were recorded; Asarum maculatum, Cephalotaxus koreana, Carpinus coreana, Celtis choseniana, Lespedeza maritima, Indigofera koreana, Dendropanax morbifera, Ligustrum quihoui var. latifolium, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, and plant species subject to permission for taking abroad, 4 taxa were recorded; Celtis choseniana, Asarum maculatum, Vaccinium oldhami, Carex okamotoi. Based on the list of floristic regional indicator plants by Korean Ministry of Environment were total 64 taxa (18.3% of all 350 taxa of vascular plants); Ligustrum quihoui var. latifolium in class IV, 19 taxa (Stauntonia hexaphylla, Cinnamomum japonicum, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Centella asiatica, Verbena officinalis, Mitchella undulata, etc.) in class III, 5 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Ostericum melanotilingia, Sanicula rubriflora, Caryopteris incana, Teucrium veronicoides) in class II and 39 taxa (Gleichenia dichotoma, Cyrtomium fortunei, Aphananthe aspera, Rubus hirsutus, Meliosma myriantha, Hedera rhombea, Ainsliaea apiculata, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 5 families, 17 genera, 20 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Lepidium virginicum, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Verbesina alternifolia, Lolium perenne, etc.) and naturalization rate was 5.7% of all 350 taxa of vascular plants. Hereafter natural ecosystem into disturbance on naturalized plants and legal protection species and rare and endangered species distribute in the Bogil Island, precision investigation after management counterplan of the monitoring a point of view be required.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

To understand fungal species in evergreen broadleaf forest, occurrence and habitate of wild mushrooms spontaneously growing at the Dongbaekdongsan of Seonheulgot in Jeju Island were investigated. Fungal samples were collected from an area of $500\;m^2$ size consisting of four designated plots from in June 2007 to December 2008. Wild mushrooms were identified 69 genera and 178 species within the sampling places. Among 178 species, twenty-eight genera and fifty species were first reported in Jeju Island. Especially, Amanita pseudogemmata was first recorded in Korea. The mushroom species were divided into six groups on the basis of fungal habitats in which 44 species were on dead tree, 29 species on fallen leaf, 99 species on soil surface, 2 species on animal feces, 2 species on insect or mushroom, and 2 species on moss.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-80
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and formation age of sand dunes in the Okjukdong and Dajindong, Daecheong Island. As a result, most of the sand deposited in Okjukdong were composed of medium sized sand with moderately well sorted. The $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ accounted for a very high proportion of these deposits. There were some differences in characteristics between the sands in the dune and beach, whereas similar characteristics were observed among the materials (OJ-B, OJ-C and OJ-D) in the dune. In case of Dajindong, heterogeneous geochemical characteristics were found in the lower point. It was estimated that this was due to the influence of Daejin-dong black beach. Age dating results showed that uncovered dunes in Okjukdong were deposited $0.44{\pm}0.02$ ~ $0.50{\pm}0.02ka$, and sand depositsin Dajindong were formed $0.16{\pm}0.01$ ~ $0.18{\pm}0.01ka$. In both Okjukdong and Dajindong, sand deposits estimated to be formed 70 years ago, therefore it can be estimated that sand movement was active throughout the area from about hundred years ago. In this study area, the growth of sand dunes has been active in recent several decades or hundred years. It seems that there were different regions where deposits predominated over time. The source of dune sand was also different from time to time. Since the windbreak forest was established, the natural growth of sand dunes was limited, and sand nourishment was carried out by period. Therefore, in order to protect and continuously utilize coastalsand dunesin Daecheong Island, it is necessary to prepare conservation plan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.497-506
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper minimum viable population of a seed bank for the ecological restoration of pine forest using a seed bank. It examined the germinated soil seed bank from August 2010 to November 2011. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the area and the number of herbaceous species were the highest at 0.686. The results of the regression analysis of four variables including the number of woody species, the number of woody individuals, the number of herbaceous species, and the number of herbaceous individuals using the theory of island biogeography to the minimum viable population in studied plots showed that all four variables were significant with area at the level of 0.05, and R square was 0.583. One function was selected between the number of species and the number of individuals from the canonical correlation analysis, and the function square was 0.824. Both canonical function and squared canonical correlation showed significant at the level of 0.01. The result of study recommended the area size of the minimum viable population in pine forest applied by seed bank to be larger than $64m^2$, the number of species to be over 21, and the number of population to be over 120. It also found that the number of herbaceous species determined the cluster size of the seed bank. Therefore, it is necessary to consider herbaceous species that appear in the seed bank.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2010

The Jeongdori windbreak forests of Wando island, located between the sea and the land, are very important as ecological succession areas that protect cultivated lands and fishing villages. Among the Jeongdori windbreak forests, the rocky seashore areas are occupied by Sageretia theezans mantle community, and their inner sections by sub-tree layers such as Ligustrum japonicum and Ligustrum obtusifolium. More specifically, the inner sections of the rocky seashore areas were found to be the habitat of Ligustrum japonicum-Quercus variabilis community, Ligustrum jarponicum-Viburnum erosum community, Ligustrum japonicum-Cinnamomum japonicum community, Cinnamomum japonicum-Carpinus tschonoskii community, and Pinus densiflora-Viburnum erosum community. The average height of tree layers of the Jeongdori windbreak forests is 10.3m, and the average diameter at breath height are 30.3cm. Though the windbreak forests was artificially made, it is now virtually natural forest and deserves protection for ecological reasons. Designated as a scenic spot 3, it is always in the danger of being damaged by frequent tourist visits. So the Jeongdori windbreak forest needs to be continuous maintenance and management by the National Park Service. Considering of the precious cultural treasures of the famous pebble stones covering Gugyedeung and the naturality of the Jeongdori windbreak forests, the Jeongdori windbreak forests as a scenic spot have to designated as the national monument in future and will preserve by the Cultural Properties Administration.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2018

This study was carried out to define the characteristics of the identified ground-dwelling invertebrate communities at Nari basin and Tonggumi area in Ulleungdo Island, designated as a nationally important agricultural heritage. The habitat types were divided into the following categories: crop land, forest, and ecotone, and the soil-dwelling invertebrates were collected according to habitat type. The ground-dwelling invertebrates were collected using a pitfall trap, and a self-organizing map (SOM) was applied to the invertebrates dataset to define the characteristics in invertebrates distribution. The SOM clearly classified the relevant information into four clusters, and extracted ecological information from the invertebrates dataset. The cluster II was composed of invertebrate communities which are collected in the Tonggumi area. The Tonggumi area is where mountainous areas were developed for agricultural purposes, which has geographical features commonly observed in Ulleungdo Island. It is noted that the cluster II has different characteristics as compared other clusters. The results of this study are expected to be used for the preservation of agricultural environment and maintenance of biodiversity by providing basic data, on the biotope of Ulleungdo Island designated as a nationally important agricultural heritage and information on the characteristics of the applicable ground-dwelling invertebrate communities.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.459-476
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• 1993

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for the evergreen and nearby deciduous broad-leaved forests in inland areas (Turyunsan, Pulgapsan) and south- western island areas (Hongdo, Chindo). The evergreen broad-leaved forests of the four areas showed a sera1 stage with an age structure mostly under fifty years old. Dominant evergreen broad-leaved species in canopy layer were Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Machilus thunbergii, Quercus acuta, Q. stenophylla, Q. glauca, and Ncolitsea serzceu. Succession of the forest vegetation in the surveyed areas was proceeding from deciduous broad-leaved trees to evergreen broad-leaved trees. The species of climax stage were assumed to be Machilus thunbergii, iVeolitseu sericea and Dendropanax morbifera in canopy layer, Aucuba japonica and Machilus japonica in subtree and shrub layer.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2011

Orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) were examined in roots of the six terrestrial species of orchids collected in Ulleung Islands. Seven OMF isolates from the roots of orchids were identified based on morphological and molecular characters. Internal transcribed spacer region of OMF DNA was amplified using basidiomycete-specific ITS primers, ITS1-OF and ITS4-OF. OMF beloning to Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidaceae was identified through molecular analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.186-190
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• 2007

We examined three nature restoration projects in urban areas of Japan, China, and Korea. A prefectural park(29ha) has been under construction since 2005 on an abandoned industrial site in the southern part of Amagasaki City, Hyogo Prefecture, central Japan. Shanghai Central Park(28ha) was redeveloped in 2002 on a site that was formerly the old downtown in central Shanghai. Seoul Forest Park was developed as a large urban park(116ba) in 2005 in Seoul. All three parks were developed as urban parks by local governments. Citizen involvement is common to all three examples. One of main purposes of the Hyogo prefectural park and the Seoul Forest Park was the reuse of unused or abandoned areas. One goal in Hyogo, Shanghai, and Seoul was to restore the urban ecosystem and preserve the environment. We discussed the meaning of nature restoration in urban areas.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.229-232
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• 2009

Nervilia nipponica Makino (Orchidaceae), a genus and species previously unrecorded for the Korean flora, was collected in the deciduous forests of Mt. Halla, Jeju Island. This species was known to be distributed mainly from tropical to subtropical regions of Taiwan and Japan. Genus Nervilia is distinguished from other genera of tribe Nervilieae (Orchidaceae) by having only a single, plicate leaf which develops and senesces before flowering shoots appear, stems unbranched, two pollinia, and sometimes lacking a viscidium.