• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2019

This study examined the effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I expression in the liver and muscle on the growth of Paralichthys olivaceus fed diets low in fish meal. A feeding experiment was conducted at Jeju National University, Jeju Island, Korea. Groups of P. olivaceus (total initial weight: 200 g) were maintained for 20 weeks on one of five experimental diets containing different proportions of fish meal. Diets containing 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% fish meal were labeled FM0, FM20, FM30, FM40, and FM50, respectively. Fish growth was observed every 4 weeks during the feeding experiment, and plasma and liver and muscle tissues were sampled. Plasma IGF-I levels were analyzed using an ELISA kit. The mechanism of IGF-I receptor signaling was examined using immunoblotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The greatest total weight increase was observed in the FM30 group. In parallel, plasma levels of IGF-I and IGF-binding protein were highest in the FM30 group, and mRNA and protein expression were also significantly higher in this group. The first step in the IGF-I signaling pathway, tyrosine-phosphorylation checking, occurred smoothly until 20 weeks. These results suggest that a dietary ratio of 30% fish meal best promotes growth in this species. The IGF-I signaling pathway in the liver and muscle is associated with growth in P. olivaceus.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-126
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• 2019

The phototrophic dinoflagellate Biecheleriopsis adriatica is a small suessioid species characterized by a fragile thin wall. Although the morphology of this dinoflagellate is well established, there is currently little information available on its distribution and the environmental factors that influence this distribution. Thus, to investigate the spatial and seasonal distributions of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica in Korean waters, surface water samples were collected on a seasonal basis from 28 stations in the East, West, and South Sea of Korea and Jeju Island from April 2015 to October 2018, and abundances of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica were quantified using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions, for which we developed the species-specific primer and probe set. Simultaneously, major environmental parameters, including temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations, and dissolved oxygen concentrations were measured. The vegetative cells of B. adriatica were detected at 20 of the 28 sampling stations: 19 stations in summer and 6 in autumn, although from no stations in either spring or winter. The ranges of water temperature and salinity at sites where this species was detected were $17.7-26.4^{\circ}C$ and 9.9-34.3, respectively, whereas those of nitrate and phosphate concentrations were not detectable-96.2 and $0.18-2.66{\mu}M$, respectively. Thus, the sites at which this species is found are characterized by a narrow range of temperature, but wide ranges of salinity and concentrations of nitrate and phosphate. The highest abundance of the vegetative cells of B. adriatica was $41.7cells\;mL^{-1}$, which was recorded in Jinhae Bay in July 2018. In Jinhae Bay, the abundance of vegetative cells was significantly positively correlated with the concentration of nitrate, but was negatively correlated with salinity. On the basis of these findings, it appears that the abundance of B. adriatica vegetative cells shows strong seasonality, and in Jinhae Bay, could be affected by the concentrations of nitrate.

• 해양안보
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-42
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• 2021

해양강국 달성을 위한 중국 해군전략의 성격에 대한 공세성 논란이 이어지고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 논란 속에서 전략의 3요소를 이용, 해양강국 달성을 위한 중국 해군전략의 실체적 성격을 파악하고 이를 통해 차후 중국의 군사적 행동을 전망하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구는 전략의 3요소와 함께 해군전략의 특수성을 고려하여 연구를 진행하였으며 연구결과 중국의 해군전략은 전체적으로 공세성을 띄고 있으나 각 전략요소 간의 공세성을 추구하는 정도에서는 불균형을 이루고 있었다. 방법적 측면에서는 공세성이 두드러지게 나타났으나, 목표·수단적 측면에서는 해양강국 달성을 위한 주변국과의 협력 필요성과 군사기술·작전지속 능력 부족이라는 제한사항이 존재하였다. 이러한 전략요소 간의 불균형을 통해 도출한 중국의 차후 군사적 행동의 전망은 다음과 같다. ① 당분간 미국과의 전면적 군사충돌의 위험은 낮다. ② 1도련선 내에서는 주변국에게 해군력을 강압의 수단으로 활용하거나 또는 제한적인 군사충돌을 일으킬 수 있다. ③ 영유권 분쟁을 둘러싼 해군력 대치시 미국 및 주변국과 우발적인 군사충돌이 발생할 수 있다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2023

본 연구는 하천습지의 교란 과정을 근현대 지도와 항공사진을 근거로 분석하고, 왕진지구 주변 수문생태 영향권의 토지피복과 NDVI 변화를 분석하였다. 왕진나루에는 안정된 모래톱이 형성되어 제내지 농경지와 자연스럽게 연결되어 있었으나 대홍수와 제방축조, 경지정리 및 하천종합관리로 모래톱과 하천습지가 소멸된 이후 인위적인 대체습지와 생태공원이 조성되고 하중도 형태의 모래톱이 다시 생성되었다. 수문생태영향권 토지피복 변화는 농업지역의 논·밭이 2013년 36.3%에서 2022년 22.9%로 감소하였는데 면적으로는 814,476m²로 가장 많은 변화가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 시간이 경과됨에 따라 토지피복유형은 초지화가 진행되고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 식생지수 변화를 계절별 변화를 종합해보면 전반적으로 식생지수의 변화량은 봄철(3월)이 가장 크고, 그다음은 여름철(6월)이며 수역을 제외하고는 가을철(9월)의 변화의 폭이 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 토지이용별로는 대체습지에서 39.1% 향상, 하중도 38.2% 향상, 생태공원 44.3% 향상, 농업지역 35.6% 향상, 수역 -8.1% 감소 등 전반적으로 식생지수(NDVI)가 증가되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1988

제주도 북촌연안 정치망에서 채집된 생물의 군집구조를 밝혀내기 위해 1985년 5월부터 1986년 5월까지 어업이 행해지는 동안 매월 1회씩 조사한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사기간동안 26과 32속 36종이 채집되었고 20cm 이하 $(93\%)$, 120g 이하 $(91\%)$의 생물이 대부분이었다. 2. 출현개체수와 어획량은 계절에 따라 다르나 모두 2종에 의해 $50\%$ 이상을 차지했다. 그 중 전갱이와 오징어가 전 조사기간동안 거의 우점 출현, 개체수와 어획량에서 모두 $50\%$ 이상을 차지하였다. 3. 다양도$(1-\lambda)$와 정보량지수(H', H') 등은 10월에 가장 높고 9월에 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었는데, 이러한 지수값들은 출현 종류수의 변화양상 및 어획량 변동과 ?은 관계를 갖고 있었다. 4. 2회이상 출현한 17종은 모두 유사도값 0.2에서 군을 이루었고, 비교적 유사도가 높은 0.60값을 기준으로 했을 때 3개의 군이 나타나고 있었다. 즉, 제 1군은 전갱이, 게르치, 오징어, 꼬치고기, 날치, 말쥐치 등 6종으로 이루어 졌는데 이들은 개체수와 어획량에서 각각 전체의 $60\%$이상을 차지했고, 조사기간동안 자주 출현하는 특징을 보였다. 제2군은 독가시치, 인상어, 용치놀래기, 자리돔 등 4종으로 구성되었으며 개체수와 어획량에서 전체의 $20\%$ 이상을 차지하였고, 봄과 여름에만 자주 출현하는 특징을 나타냈다. 제3군은 돌돔과 참돔 등 2종으로 이루어졌고, 그 밖의 종들은 비교적 낮은 유사도값에서 간헐적으로 출현하여 군을 이루고 있었다.병용 첨가하였을 때 세균발육 억제효과가 상승하였으나 직접 균의 배양 시험에서 보다 효과가 적었다. 튀김어묵을 lysozyme$(0.05\%)$ 단독 그리고, lysozyme$(0.05\%)$ + sodium pyrophosphate $(0.5\%)$ + sodium hexametaphosphate$(0.1\%)$ 용액에 5분간 침지 처리하였을 때 약간의 방부효과는 인정되었으나 sorbic acid$(0.2\%)$을 첨가한 것보다 효과가 적었다.나타내었다., MW=0.4913 TW-0.1228 (r=0.9809)이었다.로 함량은 각각 902.2 mg/100 g, 28.3 mg/100g 및 8.6mg/100g이었다. 이외에 malic acid 등 6종의 유기산이 미량 함유되어 있었다. 제품의 유리아미노산 및 관련화합물의 조성은 histidine이 641.8 mg/100g으로 가장 많았고, alanine 214.7 mg/100g, hydroxyproline이 48.9mg/100g, 이외에 lysine, glutamic acid 및 anserine 등이 전체의 $80.8\%$를 차지하였다. 고등어분말수우프의 맛성분은 건물량 기준으로 유리아미노산 및 관련화합물이 1,279.4 mg/100g, 불휘발성유기산이 948.1mg/100g, 핵산 관련물질 672.8 mg/100g, 총 creatinine이 430.4 mg/100g, betaine 86.6mg/100g 및 미량의 TMAO로 이루어져 있었고 국물로 우려낼때 맛성분의 추출조건은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 1분간의 고온단시간 추출이 적합하였다. 증가를

• Strategy21
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• 통권34호
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• pp.58-92
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• 2014

Even after S. Korea took 5.24 Measure(24 May 2014), N. Korea has not stopped raising provocations such as the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island, electronic and cyber attacks. To make matters worse, the communist country lunched long-range missiles(twice) and conducted 3rd nuclear test, escalating tensions which could possibly lead to an all-out war. Korean Government failed to respond properly. However, escalation into an all-out war was deterred by the CFC immediately carrying out its peacetime duty(CODA). The US made a rapid dispatch of its augmentation forces(Aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered submarine, strategic bomber, F-22) to the Korean Peninsula. In recognition of the importance of the Combined Forces Command, since May 2013 the Park Geun-Hye Administration has been pushing ahead with re-postponement of Wartime Operational Control Transfer(which initially meant the disassembling of the CFC as of 1 December 2015) More recently, there has been a series of unusual indicators from the North. Judging from its inventory of 20 nuclear weapons, 1,000 ballistic missiles and biochemical weapons, it is safe to say that N. Korea has gained at least war deterrence against S. Korea. Normally a nation with nuclear weapons shrink its size of conventional forces, but the North is pursuing the opposite, rather increasing them. In addition, there was a change of war plan by N. Korea in 2010, changing 'Conquering the Korean Peninsula' to 'Negotiation after the seizure of the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area(GSMA)' and establishing detailed plans for wartime projects. The change reflects the chain reaction in which requests from pro-north groups within the South will lead to the proclamation of war. Kim, Jeong-Un, leader of N. Korean regime, sent threatening messages using words such as 'exercising a nuclear preemptive strike right' and 'burning of Seoul'. Nam, Jae-June, Director of National Intelligence Service, stated that Kim, Jung-Un is throwing big talks, saying communization of the entire Korean Peninsula will come within the time frame of 3 years. Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, shared an alarming message that there is a high possibility that the North will raise local provocations or a full-fledged war whenever while putting much emphasis on defense posture. As for the response concept of the Korean Government, it has been decided that 'ROK·US Combined Local Provocation Counter-Measure' will be adopted to act against local provocations from the North. Major provocation types include ▲ violation of the Northern Limit Line(NLL) with mobilization of military ships ▲ artillery provocations on Northwestern Islands ▲ low altitude airborne intrusion ▲ rear infiltration of SOF ▲ local conflicts within the Military Demarcation Line(MDL) ▲ attacking friendly ships by submarines. Counter-measures currently established by the US involves the support from USFK and USFJ. In order to keep the sworn promise, the US is reinforcing both USFK and USFJ. An all-out war situation will be met by 'CFC OPLAN5027' and 'Tailored Expansion Deterrence Forces' with the CFC playing a central role. The US augmentation forces stands at 690,000 troops, some 160 ships, 2,000 aircraft and this comprise 50% of US total forces, which is estimated to be ninefold of Korean forces. The CFC needs to be in center in handling both local provocations and an all-out war situation. However, the combat power of S. Korean conventional forces is approximately around 80% of that of N. Korea, which has been confirmed from comments made by Kim, Gwan-Jin, Defense Minister, during an interpellation session at the National Assembly. This means that S. Korean forces are not much growing. In particular, asymmetric capabilities of the North is posing a serious threat to the South including WMD, cyber warfare forces, SOF, forces targeting 5 Northwestern Islands, sub-surface and amphibious assault forces. The presence of such threats urgently requires immediate complementary efforts. For complementary efforts, the Korean Government should consider ① reinforcement of Korean forces; putting a stoppage to shrinking military, acquisition of adequate defense budget, building a missile defense and military leadership structure validity review, ② implementation of military tasks against the North; disciplinary measures on the sinking of ROKS Cheon-an/shelling of Yeonpyeong Islands, arrangement of inter-Korean military agreements, drawing lessons from studies on the correlation between aid for N. Korea, execution of inter-Korean Summit and provocations from the North, and ③ bolstering the ROK·US alliance; disregarding wartime operational control transfer plan(disassembling of CFC) and creation of a combined division.