• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2008

Objective This study was done to investigate the safety of Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution manufactured with freezing dryness method to use eye drop. Methods The eye irritation test of this material was performed according to the Regulation of Korea Food & Drug Administration (2005. 10. 21, KFDA 2005-60). After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, the auther observed eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Results 1. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution was medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't physical problem at 9 rabbits. 2. After Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solutionwas medicated in the left eye of the rabbits, there wasn't eye irritation of the cornea, iris, conjunctiva at 1, 2, 3, 4 & 7day. Conclusions I suggested that Bovis Calculus pharmacopuncture solution didn't induced eye irritation in rabbits.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 1993

DA-125, a new anthracycline derivative, shows significant anticancer activities. We conducted a study to examine the local irritating effect of DA-125 using mice and rabbits. In the skin test in mice, intradermal injection of 0.4 mg of DA-125, compared to a dosage of 0.2 mg of adriamycin, had weak irritating potentials to induce skin ulceration and erythematous induration. A dosage of 0.6 mg of DA-125 produced similar degree of lesions in perivascular irritation model to that of 0.2 mg of adriamycin, but the healing time was shorter in the case of mice treated with DA-125. In ocular irritation study in rabbit, the highest M.O.I.(mean ocular irritation index) of 0.5% DA-125 solution was 0.67, therefore DA-125 could be considered as a practically non-irritating anticancer agent. These results suggest that substitution of DA-125 for Adriamycin would reduces the possibility of outbreaks of local irritation and the severity of the lesions.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1994

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and skin irritation of piroxicam patch were investigated. Piroxicam patch increased the pain threshold in rat hind paw inflamed by carrageenan and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. Piroxicam patch also inhibited the carrageenan-induced edema in rat hind paw as well as the increased vascular permeability induced by histamine in rats. In adjuvant arthritis of rats, piroxicam patch showed anti-inflammatory effects. Skin irritation of piroxicam patch was tested in Newzealand White rabbits and evaluated by Primary Irritation Index of Draize. The results from skin irritation test showed that piroxicam patch seemed practically non-irritating. The result from the present study indicates that piroxicam may be useful without serious side effects as anti-inflammatory analgesics in this patch form.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 1993

LBD-007, a newly developed recombinant human interferon ${\alpha}$A, was tested for primary eye and skin irritation in male New Zealand White rabbits. In the primary eye irritation test, 0.1ml of a solution of LBD-007 was instilled into the eye. In rinsing group, the eye was washed with water 30 seconds after instillation. No reaction was observed at the cornea, iris and conjunctivae by LBD-007. In the primary skin irritation test, LBD-007 was applied to the back of rabbits for 24 hours. Primary irritation index was "0" in test and control sites of all animals. Thus LBD-007 was evaluated as a non-irritant on the basis of the criteria of Draize et al.,(1994).

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 1991

According to the Established Regulations of National Institute of Safety Research, the skin-irritation test of BST-SR (Lucky Ltd.) was perfonned for seven days in New Zealand White Rabbits. During treatment periods no significant clinical symptom was observed. Significant changes such as erythema, scar tissue and edema were not shown on the applicating sites. According to Primary Irritation Index of Draize, skin irritation rate was assessed as "Zero". The eye irritation of BST-SR (Lucky Ltd.) was examined in nine New Zealand White rabbits, based on the Established Regulation of National Institute of Safety Research. 0.1 ml of test material was dropped on right eye, and after 20~30 seconds, three rabbits' eyes were cleaned with wann saline for 1 minute. Other six rabbits' eyes were left uncleaned. The untreated left eyes were negative control. The lesions of cornea, iris and conjuntiva were assessed by the Grade table (from the Regulation of National Institute of Safety Research), and it is concluded that BST-SR has no eye-irritation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.250-250
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• 1996

Eye irritation, primary skin irritation and skin sensitization tests for Aloewhite were tested in New Zealand White rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. In primary skin irritation test of male New Zealand White rabbits, body weights were not significantly changed and primary Irritation Index(PII) was 0.47, indicating Aloewhite as mildly irritating material, In ocular irritation test, any injury on iris, conjunctival membrane, and cornea in New Zealand White rabbits was not observed. No injuries of the ocular mucous membrane were also recorded. Skin sensitization was tested in guinea Peg after intradermal and epicutaneous induction and graded I with zero % sensitization rate. These results indicate that Aloewhite was not considered to be irritant in test organs of animals.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.364-372
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• 1996

The primary skin and eye irritation test of 0.3% DA-5018 cream, a capsaicin analogue, were carried out in rabbits. As control materials, Zostrix-HP cream (0.075% capsaicin cream) and the base of 0.3% DA-5018 cream were used in the same manners. In the primary skin irritation test, the Primary Irritation Index (P.I.I.) was 1.6, 1.9 and 0.5 in groups treated with 0.3% DA-5018 cream, Zostrix-HP cream and the base of 0.3% DA-5018 cream, respectively. The irritation ratings of 0.3% DA-5018 cream and Zostrix-HP cream were mildly irritating. The base of 0.3% DA-5018 cream was evaluated as a non-irritating material. In the eye irritation test, 0.3% DA-5018 cream and Zostrix-HP cream could be considered as mildly irritating materials. But, the base of 0.3% DA-5018 cream was a non-irritating material. These results suggest that 0.3% DA-5018 cream has mildly irritating activity and its irritancy is similar to that of Zostrix-HP cream.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.65-68
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• 2006

Sensory irritation is one of the important side effects of cosmetics and it is required to develop new products that are more tolerable to the consumers. There are lots of cosmetic ingredients known to induce sensory irritation such as lactic acid, glycolic acid, ethanol, preservatives, fragrances and menthol etc. It is also known that sensory irritation increases by change of pH as well as additional occlusive conditions. The aim of this study is to know various factors affecting sensory irritation due to preservatives (methylparaben, propylparaben, phenoxyethanol and chlorophenecin). We also wanted to investigate the effect of preservatives to sensory irritation according to change of formulations. Our results showed that sensory irritation increased with the conditions of increasing absorption such as packs. We have also found that sensory irritation increased synergistically when to apply two different preservatives together. For example, phenoxyethanol and chlorphenesin themselves have weak sensory irritation potentials, but we observed phenoxyethanol combined with chlorpenesin synergistically increase of sensory irritation potentials. In conclusion, formulation and combination of different preservatives should be considered to reduce the unwanted sensory irritation of preservatives.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.289-300
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• 2016

Objectives : Taglisodog-eum(TSE), a poly herbal formula, has been widely used to improve carbuncles by removing inflammation of the lymphatic channels in Traditional Korean Medicine. We previousely reported the action mechanism of TSE on experimental atopic dermatitis and the establishment of formulation for TSE ointment. In this study, we examined the toxicity test on skin and eye irritation by TSE ointment to prove the safety of Taglisodog-eum ointment in clinical use. Methods : Acute skin toxicity of the TSE ointment was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. After dermal administration of TSE ointment(2,000mg/kg), body weight, mortality, and clinical signs of the rats were observed for 14days. Primary skin irritation and ocular irritation tests for TSE ointment were performed in male New Zealand White Rabbits. In dermal and ocular irritation test, body weight, mortality, clinical signs, Primary Irritation Index(P.I.I.), and The Index of Acute Ocular Irritaion(I.A.O.I.) of rabbit were observed after applying at abraded skin and eye balls with Taglisodog-eum ointment. Results : In the results of acute skin toxicity, no significant differences were found in body weight, the clinical sign and the mortality between control and TSE ointment treated group. In primary dermal irritation test, body weight, the clinical sign and the mortality were not significantly changed and Primary Irritation Index(P.I.I.) was 0.8, indicating TSE ointment as weak irritant material. In ocular irritation test, The Index of Acute Ocular Irritaion was 0.0, indicating TSE ointment as non-irritating to the eye of the rabbits. To evaluate toxicity of the TSE ointment in animal test, body weight, the clinical signs, the skin and eye irritation check were conducted; TSE ointment was considered to be weak dermal irritant in test animals. The no response of eye irritation test was observed in this experimental condition. Conclusions : According to the above toxicity test, We consider that this results is helpful for saying about the safety of TSE ointment in clinical use.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.137-140
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• 1995

Saponin isolated from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn has been shown to contain a strong anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, several pharmacological properties such as acute toxicity, local irritation and hemolytic activity of Sapindus saponin and its genin component, hederagenirl, were examined. The acute toxicity of Sapindus saponin was very low. Estimated from the LD$_{50}$ values, it showed much weaker toxicity in oral administration than in intraperitoneal injection. Hederagenin gave a very high LD$_{50}$ value even in intraperitoneal injection. Sapindus saponin showed a potent local irritation after topical application, whereas hederagenin did a very weak local irritation. Sapindus saponin also gave a high hemolytic activity.