• 제목/요약/키워드: Iron sand

검색결과 155건 처리시간 0.031초

Scientific Analysis of Slags and Furnace Wall collected from Iron Production Site at Suryong-ri Wonmorongi in Chungju (충주 수룡리 원모롱이 야철지 수습 철재 및 노벽의 과학적 분석)

  • Cho, Hyun-Kyung;Cho, Nam-Chul;Kang, Dai Ill
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.139-147
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    • 2013
  • This study focused on iron making related information through analyzing slags and furnace wall collected from iron production site of Suryong-ri Wonmorongi, Chungju. Total Fe content of slags were from 36.98% to 44.47% and this range was general recovery rate of iron in ancient. Compounds of calcium included slags was supposed to add intentionally during smelting process as deoxidation agent in order that these helped to separate iron from impurities. Furnace wall didn't make of high alumina clay because of low $Al_2O_3$. Microstructure and main components of slags show that No. 1 to 3 slags with fayalite and wustite were products of iron ore smelting. However, No.4 slag is more likely to smelt by iron sand because of ulvospinel with $TiO_2$ in No. 4 slag. Therefore, iron ore were not only used but iron sand in smelting and furnace wall made of general clay with low $Al_2O_3$ content in this area.

A Study on the Behavior of the Burn-On in Sand Mold (주형사의 소착거동에 관한 연구)

  • Gwak, Chang-Seop
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • 제2권3호
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    • pp.41-46
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    • 1985
  • The behavior of the burn-on in sand mold has been investigated by varying the pouring metal, bonding materials, additive materials and molding sand. The results obtained from thease experiments are as follows; 1) The burn-on layer of silica sand decreased in order of carbon steel, gray cast iron and stainless steel, and thease burn layer proceeded mostly by producing FeO. 2) The burning reaction of silica sand mold in carbon steel castings declined with increasingly bentonite content, but water-glass scarcely took part in the burn-on reaction. 3) The addition of feldspar and seacoal to silica sand promoted the inhibiting burn-on. 4) The burn-on layer of sand mold decreased of silica sand, chromite sand and olivine sand.

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A Study on the Metallurgical Characteristics for Sand Iron Ingot Reproduced by the Traditional Iron-making Method on Ancient Period under the Neutron Imaging Analysis (중성자 영상 분석을 활용한 고대 제철법 재현 사철강괴의 금속학적 특성 연구)

  • Cho, Sung Mo;Kim, Jong Yul;Sato, Hirotaka;Kim, TaeJoo;Cho, Nam Chul
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • 제35권6호
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    • pp.631-640
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to compare analytical results of sand iron bars reproduced by the traditional iron-making method through a destructive analysis and a non-destructive analysis. For these studies, we produced two types of samples. One was sample(SI-A), a part of the sand iron bar for destructive analysis. The other was SI-B(9 ㎠) for non-destructive analysis. A metallurgical microscope and scanning electron microscope were used for the destructive analysis, and neutron imaging analysis with the Hokkaido University Neutron Source (HUNS) at Hokkaido University, Japan, was used for the non-destructive analysis. The results obtained by destructive analysis showed that there was ferrite and pearlite of fine crystallite size, and some of these showed Widmanstätten ferrite microstructure grown within the pearlite and coarse ferrite at the edge of the specimen. The results from the neutron imaging analysis showed that there was also ferrite and pearlite with 3 ㎛ α-Fe of BCC structure. Based on these results, neutron imaging analysis is capable of identifying material characteristics without destroying the object and obtaining optimal research results when applying it to objects of cultural heritage.

Sustainable use of mine waste and tailings with suitable admixture as aggregates in concrete pavements-A review

  • Gayana, B.C.;Chandar, Karra Ram
    • Advances in concrete construction
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.221-243
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    • 2018
  • Utilization of mine waste rocks and tailings in concrete as aggregates will help in sustainable and greener development. The literature shows the potential use of iron ore tailings as a replacement of natural fine aggregates. As natural sand reserves are depleting day by day, there is a need for substitution for sand in concrete. A comprehensive overview of the published literature on the use of iron ore waste and tailings and other industrial waste in concrete is being presented. The effect of various properties such as workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, durability and microstructure of concrete have been presented in this paper.

Mechanical Properties & Fracture Toughness of Austempered Gray Cast Iron(AGI) by Permanent Mould Casting (금형주조한 오스템퍼 회주철의 기계적성질 및 파괴인성)

  • Yi, Young-Sang;Lee, Ha-Sung;Kang, Dong-Myeong
    • Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.291-297
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    • 1995
  • The mechanical properties and fracture toughness of permanent mold cast austempered gray cast iron(AGI) were compared to those of sand cast AGI. The iron was melted to eutectic composition in order to get better castability especially in permanent mold casting. Specimens prepared for tensile, impact and fracture toughness test were austenitized at $900^{\circ}C$ and austempered at $270^{\circ}C$ and $370^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The strength, impact and fracture toughness of permanent mold cast AGI were found to be superior to those of sand cast AGI. The maximum value of 836 MPA in tensile strength, was obtained at the austempering temperature of $270^{\circ}C$. But ductility of AGI was not improved by permanent mold casting.

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Removal of Heavy Metal and Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Fe(III) loaded Adsorbent (3가철 함유 흡착제를 이용한 수용액상의 중금속 및 페놀제거연구)

  • Kim, Seok-Jun;Kim, Won-Gee;Lee, Seung-Mok;Yang, Jae-Kyu;Lee, Nam-Hee
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • 제31권7호
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    • pp.541-548
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    • 2009
  • Iron coated media (activated carbon, sand and starfish) were prepared at pH 4 and applied for the treatment of landfill leachate containing organic compounds and soluble metal ions such as $Zn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$ in batch and column experiment. The amount of iron coated in media was analyzed with EPA 3050B method. The removal efficiency of metal ions and phenol was compared with iron coated media. The amount of iron coated in Fe-AC and ICS(iron coated sand) were 1,612 mg/kg and 1,609 mg/kg, respectively, while it was higher with 1,768 mg/kg in ICSF(iron coated starfish). The result of batch study represent the highest removal efficiency in the treatment of wastewater using iron coated starfish. In column study, the removal efficiency of phenol and metal ions was higher in multi-layered system of ICS, Fe-AC and ICSF compared to single layered system. Breakthrough time in the effluent was relatively enhanced for $Cu^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ in multi-layered system while the removal efficiency of $Mn^{2+}$ were not varied much. Therefore, multi-layered system was identified as the better system for the treatment of wastewater containing of metal ions and organic compound.

A Study on Treatment of Soils Contaminated by Diesel and Kerosene Using Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Naturally Occurring Iron Minerals (디젤과 등유로 오염된 토양의 철광석으로 촉매화된 과수를 이용한 처리에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Jin-Ho;Kim, Sang-Dae;Moon, Sei-Ki;Kong, Sung-Ho
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.24-29
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    • 1999
  • Naturally-occurring iron minerals, goethite, magnetite, and hydrogen peroxide were used to catalyze and initiate Fenton-like oxidation of silica sand contaminated with mixture of diesel and kerosene in batch system. Optimal reaction conditions were investigated by varying pH(3, 7), $H_2O_2$ concentration(0%, 1%, 7%, 15%, 35%), initial contaminant concentration(0.2, 0.5, 1.0 g-mixture of diesel and kerosene/ kg-soil), and iron mineral contents(1, 5, and 10 wt % magnetite or goethite). Contaminant degradations in silica sand-iron mineral-$H_2O_2$ systems were identified by determining total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH) concentration. The optimal pH of the system was 3. The system which iron minerals were the only iron source was more efficient than the system with $FeSO_4$ solution due to lower $H_2O_2$ consumption. In case of initial contaminant concentration of 1g-contaminant/kg-soil with 5 wt % magnetite, addition of 0%, 1%, 7%, 15%, and 35% of $H_2O_2$ showed 0%, 24.5%, 44%, 52%, and 70% of TPH reduction in 8 days, respectively. When the mineral contents were varied 0, 1, 5, and 10wt%, removal of contaminants were 0%, 33.5%, 50%, and 60% for magnetite and 0%, 29%, 41%, and 53% for goethite, respectively. Reaction of magnetite system showed higher degradation than that of goethite system due to dissolution of iron and mixed presence of iron(II) and iron(III); however, dissolved iron precipitated on the surface of iron mineral and seemed to cause reducing electron transfer activity on the surface and quenching $H_2O_2$. The system using goethite has better treatment efficiency due to less $H_2O_2$ consumption. When cach system was mixed by shaker, removal of contaminants increased by 41% for magnetite and 30% for goethite. Results of this study showed catalyzed $H_2O_2$ system made in-situ treatment of soil contaminated with petroleum possible without addition of iron source since natural soils generally contain iron minerals such as magnetite and goethite.

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Sedimentary Environment of Bimodal Shelf Sediments: Southern continental shelf of Korean Peninsula (복모드 대륙붕 퇴적물의 퇴적환경 연구: 한반도 남해대륙붕)

  • 방효기;민건홍
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1995
  • The modal analysis was carried out for the total of 216 subface sediments of southern continental shelf of Korean peninsula. Sandy mud or muddy sand distributed in the range of 70∼100 m water depth revealed the bimodal type (sand and mud components). The relations of textural parameters obtained from every modal were consistent with those of shallow marine sediments. The characteristics of sand component between bimodal were as follows: (1) the distributions of mean grain size, sorting, shell content were repeatedly distributed like the directions of depth contour lines. (2) Sand component was composed of medium to fine sand (Mz, 1-3$\psi$) containing many shell fragments, a few pebbles, and iron-stained quartz. (3) The surface of quartz revealed the concordial breakage and V-shaped features formed at high energy environment. (4) In CM-pattern, sand component was plotted in rolling and bottom suspension area. These characteristics imply that sand component probably derives from shoreface sediments deposited at the beach environment.

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Experimental Study of Removing Surface Corrosion Products from Archaeological Iron Objects and Alternating Iron Corrosion Products by Nd:YAG Laser Cleaning System (Nd:YAG 레이저를 이용한 철제유물의 표면부식물 제거 및 성분 변화 연구)

  • Lee, Hye Youn;Cho, Nam Chul;Lee, Jong Myoung;Yu, Jae Eun
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • 제50권5호
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2012
  • The corrosion product of archaeological iron objects is supposed to be removed because it causes re-corrosion. So far it is removed by scapel and sand blaster but they depend on the skill and experience of a conservator and the glass-dust of the sand blaster is harmful to humans. Therefore this study applies a laser cleaning system which is used in various industrial cleaning processes, to remove corrosion product from archaeological iron objects. In addition, this work studies the alternation of corrosion product after laser irradiation, which evaluates the reliability of the laser cleaning system. Optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, Raman have been used to observe and analyse the surface of the objects. The results show the capacity of laser cleaning some corrosion product, but blackening appears with increasing pulses and laser energy, and some corrosion products, goethite and hematite, are partially altered to magnetite. These problems, blackening and alternation of corrosion product, should be solved by further studies which find the optimal laser irradiation condition and use a wetting agent.