• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ionized calcium

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CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE REACTION BETWEEN CALCIUM HYDROXIDE INTRACANAL MEDICAMENT AND ZINC OXIDE-EUGENOL (수산화칼슘 근관약제와 산화아연-유지놀의 반응에 관한 화학적 분석)

  • Park, Sook-Hyung;Park, Joon-Chol;Kim, Sung-Kyo
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.272-288
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    • 2000
  • Calcium hydroxide is used as a root canal medicament with its several pharmacological effects. However, it has been known that the usage of calcium hydroxide in the root canal system before canal filling with gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol-based cement induced change in the properties of root canal cement which might adversely affect sealing ability of the canal filling. The purpose of this study was to identify the reactivity of calcium hydroxide-eugenol compound made from chemical interaction of between calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol. Chemical properties of calcium hydroxide, eugenol, zinc oxide eugenol, calcium hydroxide-eugenol and calcium hydroxide-zinc oxide eugenol compound were analyzed using XRD. FT-IR Spectrophotometer and FT-NMR Spectrometer. The results were as follows: 1. The compound made from interaction between calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol was as follows : 2. Calcium hydroxide was shown to make chemical bond (ionic bond) with eugenol. 3. Since bonding between $Ca^{2+}$ and eugenol is simple ionic nature, under water existence, calcium hydroxide-eugenol compound may be ionized easily and its physical property be deteriorated.

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Comparison of Some Selected Growth, Physiological and Bone Characteristics of Capon, Slip and Intact Birds in Taiwan Country Chicken Cockerels

  • Lin, Cheng-Yung;Hsu, Jenn-Chung
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.50-56
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    • 2003
  • An experiment was carried out to compare the body weight, shank length, rectal temperature, comb area, abdominal fat, blood parameters and bone traits of capon, slip and intact birds in Taiwan country chicken cockerels. One hundred and sixty-six Taiwan country chicken cockerels were randomly assigned to caponized or intact male groups. Caponized birds were surgically altered at 10 weeks old and raised to 28 weeks old. At 28 weeks of age, the capons were separated into capon and slip groups, depending on the atrophy of the comb and wattle in size. The results showed that body weight and shank length in slips were significantly (p<0.05) greater than in intact birds. Intact birds had the highest (p<0.05)feather scores and the lowest (p<0.05) rectal temperature. Compared with intact birds and slips, capons had a significantly (p<0.05) smaller comb area. Bone percentage, stress and cortical thickness, and bone and ash calcium content and plasma testosterone concentration, in intact birds were the highest (p<0.05) followed by slips and capons. However, intact birds had the lowest (p<0.05) plasma ionized calcium and phosphorus concentrations. Bone and ash manganese contents in capons were significantly (p<0.05)lower than those in others. These findings support the hypothesis that androgenic effects on secondary sexual characteristics are stronger than anabolic growth promoting response. Androgens can directly influence calcium fluxes in male chickens. Caponized caused a reduction in the bone percentage, stress, cortical thickness and bone calcium content.

Primary Hypoparathyroidism in a Miniature Schnauzer Dog (미니어처 슈나우저에서 발생한 원발성 부갑상선기능저하증)

  • Kang, Min-Hee;Park, Hee-Myung
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.603-605
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    • 2009
  • A 7-year-old intact female, Miniature Schnauzer dog was presented with an acute seizure episode and tremors. Fever and panting were noted when presented. Physical examination revealed apparent forelimb muscle rigidity, fasciculations and stiff gait. Characteristic laboratory findings in this dog were severe hypocalcemia with hyperphosphatemia. The low serum concentration of intact parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium levels were consistent with the diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism. In addition, there were increased urinary excretion of calcium and decreased urinary excretion of phosphorus in this case. Urgent treatment was initiated with 10% calcium gluconate. The dog remained healthy with vitamin D analogue and oral calcium supplementation. A transient hyperphosphatemia was controlled well with sevelamer hydrochloride. To the author's knowledge, this is the first case report describing the clinical and laboratory characteristic features of canine primary hypoparathyroidism and its clinical outcome in Korea.

Percutaneous Ultrasound Guided Ethanol Ablation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Dog (초음파 유도 에탄올 주입법을 이용한 개의 원발성 부갑상선항진증 치료)

  • Choi, Ji-Hye;Kim, Jin-Kyung;Kim, Hyun-Wook;Kim, Hak-Sang;Kim, Jun-Young;Yoon, Jung-Hee
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.457-460
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    • 2007
  • Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is rare in dogs. Mainly functional solitary parathyroid adenoma causes hypercalcemia due to excessive autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). PHP can be diagnosed based on serum calcium phosphorus, ionized calcium and PTH, and cervical ultrasound provides important information about the number size and location of parathyroidal lesion. Ultrasound guided intralesional ethanol injection has been used as an alternative to surgical treatment of PHP. In this case, PHP was diagnosed in 12 year-old Pug with clinicopathologic examination and cervical ultrasound, and the parathyroidal mass was ablated successfully through ultrasound guided ethanol injection.

Effect of Heat-Treat Methods on the Soluble Calcium Levels in the Commercial Milk Products

  • Yoo, Sung-Ho;Kang, Seung-Bum;Park, Jin-Ho;Lee, Kyung-Sang;Kim, Jin-Man;Yoon, Sung-Sik
    • Food Science of Animal Resources
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.369-376
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    • 2013
  • Milk is well known to be rich in some nutrients such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamins. In particular, absorption and bioavailability of calcium receive lots of attention because calcium is very little absorbed until it is changed to the ionized form in the intestine. In this study, concentration of the soluble calcium was determined in the commercial bovine milk products, which were processed by different heat-treatment methods for pasteurization. As for general constituents, lactose, fat, protein, and mineral were almost same in the liquid milk products by different processors. Ultrafiltration of the skimmed milk caused little change in the permeate as for lactose content but both fat and protein decreased. pH values ranges from 6.57-6.62 at room temperature and slightly increase after centrifugation, 10,000 g, 10 min. Rennet-coagulation activity was the lowest in the ultra high temperature (UHT-)milk compared to the low temperature long time (LTLT-) and high temperature short time (HTST-)milk products. Each bovine milk products contains 1056.5-1111.3 mg/kg of Ca. The content of sulfhydryl group was the lowest in raw milk compared to the commercial products tested. For the skimmed milks after ultrafiltration with a membrane (Mw cut-off, 3 Kd), soluble Ca in the raw milk was highest at 450.2 mg/kg, followed by LTLT-milk 336.4-345.1 mg/kg, HTST-milk 305.5-313.3 mg/kg, UHT-milk 370.3-380.2 mg/kg in the decreasing order. After secondary ultrafiltration with a membrane (Mw cut-off, 1 kD), total calcium in raw milk had a highest of 444.2 mg/kg, and those in the market milk products. As follow: UHT-milk, 371.3 to 378.2 mg/kg; LTLT-milk, 333.3 to 342.2 mg/kg; HTST-milk 301.9 to 311.2 mg/kg in a decreasing order.

Importance of Microglial Cytoskeleton and the Actin-interacting Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease

  • Choi, Go-Eun
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2020
  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and is expected to become more and more widespread as life expectancy increases. New therapeutic target, as well as the identification of mechanisms responsible for pathology, is urgently needed. Recently, microglial actin cytoskeleton has been proposed as a beneficial role in axon regeneration of brain injury. This review highlights in understanding of the characteristics of microglial actin cytoskeleton and discuss the role of specific actin-interacting proteins and receptors in AD. The precise mechanisms and functional aspects of motility by microglia require further study, and the regulation of microglial actin cytoskeleton might be a potential therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases.

Preparation of Highly Efficient Nd-Fe-B Magnetic Powders by Reduction/Diffusion Process (환원/확산 공정에 의한 고성능 Nd-Fe-B 자성분말의 제조)

  • Kim, Dongsoo;Chen, Chunqiang;Baek, Younkyoung;Choi, Chuljin
    • Journal of Powder Materials
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.197-202
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    • 2013
  • A novel route to prepare Nd-Fe-B magnetic particles by utilizing both spray drying and reduction/diffusion processes was investigated in this study. Precursors were prepared by spray drying method using the aqueous solutions containing Nd salt, Fe salt and boric acid with stoichiometric ratios. Precursor particles could be obtained with various sizes from 2 to $10{\mu}m$ by controlling concentrations of the solutions and the average size of $2{\mu}m$ of precursors were selected for further steps. After heat treatment of precursors in air, Nd and Fe oxides were formed through desalting procedure, followed by reduction processes in Hydrogen ($H_2$) atmosphere and with Calcium (Ca) granules in Argon (Ar) successively. Moreover, diffusion between Nd and Fe occurred during Ca reduction and $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ particles were formed. With Ca amount added to particles after $H_2$ reduction, intrinsic coercivity was changed from 1 to 10 kOe. In order to remove and leach CaO and residual Ca, de-ionized water and dilute acid were used. Acidic solutions were more effective to eliminate impurities, but Fe and Nd were dissolved out from the particles. Finally, $Nd_2Fe_{14}B$ magnetic particles were synthesized after washing in de-ionized water with a mean size of $2{\mu}m$ and their maximum energy product showed 9.23 MGOe.

Yangkyuksanhwa-Tang Attenuates Ischemic Brain Injury in a Focal Photothrombosis Stroke Model (뇌허혈 마우스모델에서 양격산화탕이 뇌 손상 완화에 미치는 효과)

  • Han, Do-Kyung;Pak, Malk-Eun;Kwon, Ok-Sun;Choi, Byung-Tae
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.29 no.11
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    • pp.1258-1266
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    • 2019
  • Yangkyuksanhwa-Tang (YKSH), consisting of nine different herbs, is commonly used in Soyangin-type individuals with stroke, based on the Sasang Constitution Theory in Korea. However, no evidence has yet confirmed a beneficial effect of YKSH in ischemic stroke treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of YKSH on ischemic brain injury in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia in mice was induced by photothrombosis, and behavioral recovery was evaluated. Infarct volume, inflammation, and newly generated cells were evaluated by histology and immunochemistry. YKSH treatment resulted in a significant recovery from the motor impairments induced by focal cerebral ischemia, as determined with wire grip and rotarod tests. YKSH treatment also decreased the infarct volume and the number of cells positive for tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and myeloperoxidase when compared with a vehicle-treated control group. By contrast, YKSH treatment considerably increased the number of cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, as well as the number of cells doubly positive for Ki67/doublecortin when compared with the vehicle-treated group. These results suggest that YKSH treatment attenuated the infarct size by anti-inflammatory action, astrocyte and microglia activation, and neuronal proliferation, thereby facilitating neurofunctional recovery from a cerebral ischemic assault. YKSH could therefore be a potential treatment for neurofunctional restoration of the injured brains of patients with stroke.

A Case of Partial DiGeorge Syndrome in Prematurity (미숙아에서 발견된 부분형 DiGeorge 증후군 1례)

  • Sung, Tae Jung;Ko, Eun Young;Kim, Dal Hyon;Oh, Ji Eun;Kwon, Young Se;Lim, Dae Hyun;Son, Byong Kwan
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2002
  • We experienced a case of partial DiGeorge syndrome in a $35^{+5}$ week premature female infant presented with micrognathia, fish-shaped mouth, beaked nose, nasal regurgitation, obstructive sleep apnea, velopharyngeal insufficiency and late onset hypocalcemic seizures. The chromosome 22q11 microdeletion was found by the FISH method. The lab findings showed serum calcium level of 4.4 mg/dL, ionized calcium level of 0.49 mg/dL, phosphorous level of 7.5 mg/dL, magnesium level of 1.3 mg/dL and PTH-RIA level of <1 pq/mL. Initial treatment was done with 10% calcium gluconate infusion and magnesium sulfate followed by oral calcium gluconate and low phosphorousformula milk feeding. The serum calcium level was normalized in 6 days. Nasal regurgitation, desaturation with obstructive sleep apnea continued. T-cell functions & numbers(CD 3, CD 4, CD 8)were decreased but Ig G/A/M levels were normal. No visible signs of thymus shadow were seen in either chest X-ray & chest MRI. Electrocardiography and echocardiography showed normal heart. Kidney ultrasonographby showed right side mild hydronephrosis. Neurosonography was normal but EEG showed electrical partial seizure. Hearing assessment by BERA showed mild to moderate hearing impairment. Velopharyngoplasty is scheduled for further treatment. A brief review of literature was made.

CARE OF ANXIETY DISORDER AND HYPERVENTILATION DURING REFRACTORY TOOTH EXTRACTION IN A PSYCHOLOGIC DISABLED PATIENT (정신장애 환자에서 난발치 중의 불안장애와 과환기 관리 : 증례보고)

  • Oh, Ji-Hyeon;Yoo, Jae-Ha;Kim, Jong-Bae
    • The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.106-113
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    • 2014
  • Hyperventilation is produced by several distinct causes: anxiety, respiratory alkalosis, increased blood catecholamine levels, and a decrease in the level of the ionized calcium in the blood. The dental fears about acute pain, bleeding, needle, drill and dental surgery lead to the severe anxiety and increased blood catecholamine level. Therefore, the most dental patient should be cared gently as the stress reduction protocol. In spite of the gentle care, a hyperventilation were occurred during the surgical extraction of impacted third molar with pericoronitis. We suggest that the dental patients with anxiety disorder must be attention for the manifestation of hyperventilation, especially in the psychologic disabled patient.