• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2021

In this study, an analytical method was developed for estradiol-17��, testosterone, and progesterone, which are growth promoters as veterinary drug residues in animal food. The analytes were separated using liquid chromatography, and was injected into a mass spectrometer through the electrospray ionization(ESI) process and detected in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) mode. As the method was validated by CODEX CAC/GL 71-2009 guideline, it met the acceptable. The analysis of beef, pork, and chicken distributed in Korea was conducted with an established method to confirm the applicability of the actual sample. It was confirmed that the developed method can be quickly and reliably in the analysis for the growth promoters identified in domestic distributed livestock products. Through subsequent research, a highly utilized analysis method will be completed if the number of growth promoters is expanded based on the method and the simultaneous analytical method is established by including all of it.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.20-20
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• 2002

Based on experimental and theoretical analyses, we suggested a new possibility that the CVD diamond films grow not by the atomic unit but by the charged clusters containing a few hundreds of carbon atoms, which form spontaneously in the gas phase [J. Crysta] Growth 62 (1996) 55]. These hypothetical negatively-charged clusters were experimentally confirmed under a typical hot-filament diamond CVD process. Thin film growth by charged clusters or gas phase colloids of a few nanometers was also confirmed in Si and ZrO₂ CVD and appears to be general in many other CVD processes. Many puzzling phenomena in the CVD process such as selective deposition and nanowire growth could be explained by the deposition behavior of charged clusters. Charged clusters were shown to generate and contribute at least partially to the film deposition by thermal evaporation. Origin of charging at the relatively low temperature was explained by the surface ionization described by Saha-Langmuir equation. The hot surface with a high work function favors positive charging of clusters while that of a low work function favors negative charging.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1999

Cu thin film was deposited by a self-ion assisted beam source (SIAB) and the assessment of the Cu films was given. Some characteristics of the source and the experimental procedure are described at various conditions such as total power, ionization efficiency, and ion current vs. deposition rate. The dependence of crystalline structure, impurity concentration, and resistivity of the Cu films deposited by SIAB on acceleration voltage are discussed.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.4.1-4.5
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• 2018

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), along with IGF-binding protein and IGF receptor, are well-known regulators in the growth and survival of vertebrates. In this study, we investigated the involvement of IGFs and protein variation during embryonic development of the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Morphological stages were divided into six main developments as blastula, gastrula, cephalization, cranial regionalization, tail lift, and hatch. During embryonic development, protein variation was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. In addition, the mechanism of signaling of IGF-I receptor was examined using immuno-blot analysis. We found marked changes in protein expression at four stages of embryonic development and identified proteins as belonging to the vitellogenin 2 family. As development progresses, expression of IGF-II, phosphotyrosine, and phospho-Akt increased, while expression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) and one of guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (Ras) decreased. These results provide basic information on the IGF system in the embryonic development of the olive flounder.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.351-356
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• 2014

The electronic structure at organic-organic interface gives essential information on device performance such as charge transport and mobility. Especially, the molecular orientation of organic material can affect the electronic structure at interface and ultimately the device performance in organic photovoltaics. The molecular orientation is examined by the change in ionization potential (IP) for metal phthalocyanines (MPc, M=Zn, Cu)/fullerene ($C_{60}$) interfaces on ITO by adding the CuI templating layer through ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurement. On CuPc/$C_{60}$ bilayer, the addition of CuI templating layer represents the noticeable change in IP, while it hardly affects the electronic structure of ZnPc/$C_{60}$ bilayer. The CuPc molecules on CuI represent relatively lying down orientation with intermolecular ${\pi}-{\pi}$ overlap being aligned in vertical direction. Consequently, in organic photovoltaics consisting of CuPc and $C_{60}$ as donor and acceptor, respectively, the carrier transport along the direction is enhanced by the insertion of CuI templaing layer. In addition, optical absorption in CuPc molecules is increased due to aligned transition matrix elements. Overall the lying down orientation of CuPc on CuI will improve photovoltaic efficiency.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.309-315
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• 2011

Rice grown in anaerobic waterlogged soil accumulates ammonium as a major source of nitrogen (N). We have compared the physiological symptoms of rice seedlings subjected to N-starvation stress with those receiving sufficient N, based on measurements of shoot/root length and weight and an analysis of protein expression patterns. N starvation marginally increased root growth but notably decreased shoot biomass. N uptake was reduced by >50% in the roots and shoots of N-starved seedlings. To better understand the mechanism of N starvation in rice, we performed a comparative proteome analysis of proteins isolated from rice leaves. Twenty-five differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry and electron spray ionization quadrupole TOF. Functional analysis of the N-starvation response proteins suggested their involvement in protein synthesis and fate, metabolism, and defense. These results indicate that these proteins may play important roles in regulating the plant's complex adaptation responses for N use during N starvation. The proteins may be useful for further characterization of protein function in plant N nutrition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2003

Callus and suspension cultures derived from leaf explants of Plumbago rosea were established on Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 1 mg/L IAA, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L BAP. Callus cultures were tested for their growth and accumulation of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone and was identified by $^1H$ NMR and electron ionization mass spectroscopy. While auxins (not 2,4-D) influenced growth and plumbagin accumulation, cytokinins did not influence them much. Increasing concentrations of IAA in presence of NAA and BAP increased plumbagin in suspensions only up to 1 mg/L. Growth of callus was optimum (8.3 g DCW/I) at a hormonal combination of 1.5 mg/L IAA, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.3 mg/L BAP, but high plumbagin accumulation (4.9 mg/g DCW) was recorded at 1.0 mg/L IAA plus 0.3 mg/L BAP. Since instability in growth and secondary metabolite accumulation was noticed, several cell lines/clumps of callus were screened for plumbagin accumulation by visual and analytical methods. Biomass and accumulation of plumbagin showed a negative correlation in several cell lines. But one cell line showed stability both in terms of biomass and plumbagin accumulation over a period of 6 months.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 2017

Objective: Polymorphisms occurring in the precursor region of microRNAs (miRNAs) affect the target gene and alter the biogenesis of miRNAs, resulting in phenotypic variation. The purpose of the study was to investigate the genetic effects of rs16681031 (C>G) mutation in the precursor region of gga-miR-1658 on the economic traits of the Gushi-Anka chicken F2 resource population. Methods: To explore the effect of miR-1658 polymorphisms on chicken economic traits, the SNP was genotyped by MassArray matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. The association between the SNP and chicken body size, growth and carcass traits was determined by linear mixed models. Results: The SNP was not only significantly associated with body weight at the age of 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks, respectively, but also with the breadth of the chicken chest, body slanting length and pelvic breadth at 4 weeks, chest depth at 8 weeks of age, and body slanting length at 12 weeks (p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Our data serve as a useful resource for further analysis of miRNA function, and represent a molecular genetic basis for poultry breeding.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1527-1535
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• 2018

Bacterial strain BAS23 was isolated from rice field soil and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Based on dual culture method results, the bacterium BAS23 exhibited potent in vitro inhibitory activity on mycelial growth against a broad range of dirty panicle fungal pathogens of rice (Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum and Helminthosporium oryzae). Cell-free culture of BAS23 displayed a significant effect on germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The highest dry weight reduction (%) values of C. lunata, H. oryzae and F. semitectum were 92.7%, 75.7%, and 68.9%, respectively. Analysis of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that the lipopeptides were iturin A with a C14 side chain (C14 iturinic acid), and a C15 side chain (C15 iturinic acid), which were produced by BAS23 when it was cultured in nutrient broth (NB) for 72 h at $30^{\circ}C$. BAS23, the efficient antagonistic bacterium, also possessed in vitro multiple traits for plant growth promotion and improved rice seedling growth. The results indicated that BAS23 represents a useful option either for biocontrol or as a plant growth-promoting agent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1685-1690
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• 2018

Objective: The pituitary specific transcription factor-1 (Pit-1) gene is responsible for pituitary development and growth hormone expression and is regarded as a pivotal candidate gene for growth and production in chickens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of Pit-1 polymorphisms with growth and feed efficiency traits in yellow meat-type chickens. Methods: In the present study, five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Pit-1 were selected and genotyped by high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in 724 meat-type chickens. Results: Association analysis showed that rs13687126 of Pit-1 was strongly associated with body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) (p<0.05), and that rs13687128 was significantly correlated with body weight at 70 days of age (BW70), BWG and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.05). SNP rs13905622 was strongly related to BW70 and FCR (p<0.05). Furthermore, birds with the GG genotype of rs13687126 had larger BWG and FI than those with the AG genotype (p<0.05). Individuals with the TT genotype of rs13687128 were significantly higher BW70 and BWG than those of the CT and CC genotype, while FCR was just the opposite (p<0.05). For rs13905622, the AA chickens showed strongly larger BW70 and lower FCR compared with the AT and TT chickens (p<0.05). Additionally, an ACA haplotype based on rs13687126, rs13687128, and rs13905622 had significant effects on BW70 and FCR (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our studies thus provide crucial evidence for the relationship between polymorphisms of Pit-1 and growth and feed efficiency traits which may be useful for meat-type chicken breeding programs.