• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the conversion performance of de-NOx catalyst for lean-burn natural gas engine. As a de-NOx catalyst, NOx storage reduction catalyst was composed of Pt, Pd and Rh with washcoat including Ba and Ni, Ru-ZSM-5. Ni, Ru-ZSM-5, which was regarded as a NOx direct decomposition catalyst, was made up of ion exchanged ZSM-5 by 5wt.% Ni or Ru. The performance of de-NOx catalyst was evaluated by NOx storage capacity and catalytic reduction in air/fuel, $\lambda=1.6$. The catalytic reaction was also observed when the added fuel was supplied to fuel rich atmosphere by fuel spike period of 5 seconds. The NOx conversion of the catalysts with Ni-ZSM-5 or Ru-ZSM-5 was mainly caused by the effect of NOx adsorption of Ba rather than the catalytic reduction of Ni, Ru-ZSM-5. Ni, Ru-ZSM-5 catalysts can not use for the NSR catalyst because they have quick process in thermal deactivation.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2006

The ion exchange resins have been synthesized from chlormethyl styrene - 1,4 - divinylbenzene(DVB) with 1%, 2%, 4% and 8%-crosslinking and 1-aza-18-crown-6 macrocyclic ligand by copolymerization method. Content of chlorine in styrene-DVB copolymer was decreased as crosslink increased and it is because as crosslink increased 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% DVB content increased and crosslink density increased and cavity was reduced. Functional group of resin almost disappeared as C-C1 peak around $700cm^{-1}$ was substituted with 1-aza-18-C-6 macrocyclic ligand and new peak of C-N around $1020cm^{-1}$ appeared, so it was confirmed that styrene-DVB copolymer and ligand were compounded. As crosslink increased in the analysis of element contents, it resulted in the reduction of nitrogen content and it is because as crosslink increased, it led to the reduction of chlorine content in the process of substitution reaction and it affected macrocyclic ligand substituted. Thermo analysis curve of functional synthetic resin decomposed three part of 1-aza-18-C-6, styrene, and DVB. Form of functional synthetic resin showed distortion of its particles as macrocyclic ligand was introduced to styrene-DVB copolymer and hydrogen of ligand caused substitution with chlorine element of styrene molecule.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.130-134
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• 1998

An aldolase gene has been cloned from Methanococcus jannaschii. The coding region of the gene has been expressed in E. coli using a pET system to a level of 30% of total cellular proteins. The protein was purified to more than 95 % homogeneity by heat treatment and ion exchange chromatography. The protein performed an aldol condensation reaction with glyceraldehyde as substrate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as a carboxyl donor. The protein was determined to be a type II aldolase which requires the $Zn^{2+}$ ion as a metal cofactor. This enzyme has a broad range of optimum pH (7-9) and temperature ($50-80^{\circ}C$). It shows strong stability against heat, chemical denaturants, as well as a high percentage' of organic solvents. The half-life of this enzyme at $85^{\circ}C$ is more than 24 h and it maintains more than 90% of aldolase activity in the presence of 6 M urea, 50% acetonitrile, or 15% isopropyl alcohol.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.338-338
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• 2011

The behavior of hydroxide ions on water-ice films was studied by using $Cs^+$ reactive ion scattering (RIS), low energy sputtering (LES) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). A $Cs^+$ beam of a low kinetic energy (<100 eV) from $Cs^+$ ion gun was scattered at the film surface, and then $Cs^+$ projectiles pick up the neutral molecules on the surface as $Cs^+$-molecule clusters form (RIS process). In LES process, the preexisting ions on the surface are desorbed by the $Cs^+$ beam impact. The water-ice films made of a thick (>50 BL) $H_2$O layer and a thin $D_2O$ overlayer were controlled in temperatures 90~140K. We prepared hydroxide ions by using Na atoms which proceeded hydrolysis reaction either on the ice film surface or at the interface of the $H_2O$ and $D_2O$ layers.[1] The migration of hydroxide ions from the $H_2O/D_2O$ interface to the top of the film was examined as afunction of time. From this experiment, we show that hydroxide ions tend to reside at the water-ice surface. We also investigated the H/D exchange reactions of $H_2O$ and $D_2O$ molecules mediated by hydroxide ions to reveal the mechanism of migration of hydroxide to the ice surface.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1990

모자나이트 광물 중에 포함된 각각 희토류 원소를 이온회합 크로마토그래피 방법으로 분리 및 정량하였다. 정량하기 전에 양이온교환수지(Dowex 5OW-X8) 칼럼으로 희토류 원소를 집단 분리하였다. 이 때 수지 칼럼에 의하여 희토류 원소가 정량적으로 회수되며, 시료 중의 공존이온으로부터 깨끗이 분리됨을 방사성 추적자 및 유도쌍 결합 분광-질량분석법(ICP-MS)으로 각각 확인 하였다. 역상 칼럼($\mu$-Bondapak $C_{18}$)에 의하여 미량(ppm)의 희토류 원소를 pH 4.6의 $\alpha$-hydroxyisobutyric acid으로 0.05M부터 0.3M까지 기울기 용출하여 각각 분리하였다. 희토류 원소와 PAR (4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol monosodium salt)과의 포스터 칼럼 착색반응을 통하여 각각의 희토류 원소를 검출하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1185-1188
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• 1998

Layered nanocomposite, SiO2/TiO2 sol pillared clay, has been prepared by the ion exchange reaction of Na' ion in montmorillonite with positively charged mixed SiO2/TiO2 sol. The nanosized sol particles were synthesized by mixing SiO2 sol solution with TiO2 one, which is obtained by acidic hydrolysis of TEOS and TiCl4, respectively. From powder XRD, the basal spacing (d001) of the sample calcined at 400 ℃ was found to be ca. 60 Å, due to the multistacking of nanosized SiO2 and TiO2 sol particles, which was confirmed by the pore size analysis from 129Xe NMR and micropore analysis calculated from nitrogen adsorption. The BET specific surface area shows the value of 684 m2g-1 (Langmuir 1115 m2g-1), which is the highest among various pillared clays ever reported previously, and the total porosity is found to be 0.51 mlg-1, and the pores are mainly composed of micropore with a size of ca. 11.8 Å. This result agrees with the adsorption capacity obtained from water adsorption. According to diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, it is found that the TiO2 particles stabilized in the interlayer space of montmorillonite are quantum-sized of ca. 20 Å.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.305-309
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• 2000

The cerium ion intercalated aluminosilicate was prepared by ion exchange reaction between $Na^+$ in montmorillonite and $Ce^{+4}$ in aqueous solution. The X-ray absorption near edge structrure(XANES) analyses indicate that the $Ce^{+4}$ ions are partially reduced to the $Ce^{+3}$ ones during the intercalation into layered aluminosilicate due to a charge transfer between host and intercalant. From the EXAFS analysis, two different (Ce-O) bonding pairs could be characterized with the distances and coordination numbers of 2.31 $({\pm}0.02){\AA}$ ${\times}$ 8.2 $({\pm}1.5)$ and 2.66 $({\pm}0.02){\AA}$ ${\times}$ 2.7 $({\pm}1.0)$, respectively, with the oxygen atoms as the first nearest neighbor, and two (Ce-Ce) pairs at 3.78 ${\AA}$ as the second neighbor. It is therefore concluded that the most probable Ce-species stabilized in the interlayer space of aluminosilicate after the intercalation is the tetrameric Ce-polyoxy/hydorxy cations with the mixed valent state of 0.75 $Ce^{+4}$.0.25 $Ce^{+3}$.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.903-913
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 싸이크론 헥산에서 PVC와 트리에틸디아민 (TEDA), 1,4-디메틸피페라진(DMP) 및 1,4-비스(이미다졸-1-일메틸)벤젠을 각각 치환반응시켜서3가지 형태의 PVC 멤브레인, AEM-1, AEM-2, and AEM-3를 제조하였다. AEM-1, AEM-2, and AEM-3멤브레인의 성공적인 제조 여부를 이온전도도(S/cm), 물함수율 (%), 접촉각, 이온교환능력 (m_eq/g), 열분석, SEM 및 XPS 분석 통하여 확인하였다. 또한, 제조된 가교 음이온 PVC멤브레인을 사용하여 유기전해질에서 전기화학 캐퍼시터 실험을 수행한 결과, 제조된 AEM-1, AEM-2 AEM-3 멤브레인의 경우 유기전해질에서 충/방전실험결과 매우 안정적임을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 치환반응 후에 용매 캐시팅법으로 제조된 PVC기반 멤브레인 (AEM-1, AEM-2, 및 AEM-3)의 경우 유기전기화학캐퍼시터 (슈퍼캐퍼시터)용 분리막으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2010

광범위하게 사용되는 $TiO_2$는 자외선 영역 하에서는 상당히 효율적인 광반응 활성을 보이나 가시광 영역에서는 활성이 없는 단점을 가지고 있다는 것은 잘 알려져 있는 사실이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 광촉매가 가지는 문제점을 보완하고자 하였다. 즉, $TiO_2$와 함께 가시광선 영역에서 전자전이를 보일 수 있는 전이금속 등을 활용하여 광반응을 저해하는 전자와 정공과의 재결합을 방지하고, 자외선 영역뿐만 아니라 가시광선 영역까지 넓은 파장 범위에서 광촉매 활성을 가질 수 있는 광촉매를 제조하였다. 이를 위하여 이온교환방법을 이용하여 H형 강산성 이온교환수지에 $TiO_2$ 전구체를 담지 시킨 다음, 전이금속 전구체 등을 담지 시키고 탄화/활성화 과정을 거쳐 전이금속과 이산화티탄이 동시에 존재하는 2종 광촉매(Ti-M-SCM)를 제조하였다. 또한 제조된 Ti-M-SCM의 광분해 효율을 평가하기 위하여 유동식 반응기에서 휴믹산을 대상으로 하여 파장 254 nm와 365 nm 하에서의 광분해 반응을 실시하였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2003

전자선 전조사법을 이용하여 아크릴로니트릴 (AN)과 스티렌 (Sty)을 PP섬유에 그라프트반응시컨 PP-g-(AN/Sty) 공중합체를 합성하고, 이어서 아미드옥심화 및 인산화 반응을 수행하였다. 공단량체 중 AN의 양이 증가할수록 공중합체 내의 AN의 몰분율은 선형적으로 증가하였으며 공중합체 내에 그라프트 되어진 AN의 양은 공단량체 중 AN의 조성이 40 vol%에서 최대 45%를 나타내었다. 용매인 메탄올의 양이 증가함에 따라 공중합체 내에 도입되어진 AN의 몰분율은 감소하였다 반응온도에 따른 공중합체의 그라프트율은 반응온도 5$0^{\circ}C$까지 선형적으로 증가하였으며 이후 평형에 도달하였다. 이온 교환 섬유에 도입되어진 아미드옥심기는 하이드록실아민의 양이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 하이드록실아민 농도 9 wt%에서 최대 5.8 mmol/g을 나타내었다. 공중합체에 도입되어진 인산기는 인산의 농도가 0.5 N까지 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 이후 감소하였다. 우라늄 흡착 실험 결과, 우라늄 흡착량은 이관능성 이온 교환 섬유가 아미드옥심화 이온 교환체 및 인산화 이온 교환체보다 우수한 흡착량을 나타내었다.