• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2023

In this paper, an alternative inventory policy that trades off the bullwhip effect at an upstream facility with cost minimization at a current facility, with the goal of reducing system wide total expected inventory costs, when external demand distributjon is autocorrelated, is considered. The alternative inventory policy has a form that is somewhere between one that completely neglects the autocorrleation and one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation. For this purpose, a mathematical model that allows us to evaluate system wide total expected inventory costs for a periodic review system is developed. This model enables us to identify an optimal inventory policy at a current facility that minimizes system wide total expected inventory costs by the best tradeoff of the bullwhip effect at an upstream facility with cost minimization at a current facility. From numerical experiments, it has been found that (i) when the autocorrelation is negative, the optimal policy is one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation, (ii) when the autocorrelation is small and positive, the optimal policy is one that neglects the autocorrelation, and (iii) when the autocorrelation is large and positive, the optimal policy is somewhere between one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation and one that neglect the autocorrelation.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제24권65호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

In this paper, we consider an inventory system in case the toleration to be inventory stortage under the price discount. It has been observed that suppliers suggest a free addition of marketing policy like a price discount. A major reason for a supplier to offering a free addition to a customers is to stimulate the demand and to decrease a total cost. but, If we not adapting to the toleration to be inventory-lacking, we will a burden holding costs in a relation to the holding of inventory. This paper, is a combination of the toleration of inventory shortage and the condition of discount price. The costs are defined as the sum of the ordering, holding, shortage, purchasing and opportunity costs. Based on numerical results, conclusions follow about the total of operation costs the division of the shortage rate of inventory.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2007

Forming central warehouses for a number of stores can save costs in the continuous review inventory model due to economy of scale and information sharing. In this paper, transportation costs are included in this inventory model. Hence, the tradeoff between inventory-related costs and transportation costs is required. The main concern of this paper is to determine the number and location of central warehouses. Transportation costs are dependent on the distance from several central warehouses to each store. Hence, we develop an efficient simulated annealing algorithm using distance-based local search heuristic and merging heuristic to determine the location and the number of central warehouses. The objective of this paper is to minimize total costs such as holding, setup, penalty, and transportation costs. The performance of the proposed approach is tested by using some computational experiments.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.379-390
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• 2024

This study proposes a fuzzy inventory model for managing large-scale production, incorporating cost considerations. The model accounts for two types of expenditure scenarios-parametric and exponential. Uncertainty surrounds holding costs, setup costs, and demand rates. The approach considers a supply chain system with a complex manufacturing process, factoring in transportation costs based on the quantity of goods and distance between the supplier and retailer. The initial crisp model is then transformed into a fuzzy simulation, incorporating specific fuzzy variables affecting inventory costs. The proposed method significantly reduces overall inventory costs for the entire supply chain. Retailer demand is linked to inventory levels, and vendor/distributor storage deteriorates over time. The fuzzy condition assumes hexagonal variables for all associated factors. The study employs the signed distance method for defuzzification to determine the optimal order quantity with hexagonal fuzzy numbers. Mathematical examples are provided to illustrate the practicality of the proposed approach.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2016

SCM activities in a company are considered as total innovation through synchronizing supply and demand while maintaining appropriate inventory level and reducing the business operating costs. Until now, even several researches are carried out on the SCM performance of the companies which have introduced and been operating SCM, the research on the cost analysis for the inventory which occurs frequently on supply chain is still insufficient. Especially, for the electronics industry in which the product depreciation is sharp caused by the short product life cycle and the complexity of distribution channels, even the inventory related costs are a major factor in business management, since the current estimated criteria of inventory costs are limited to the interest and maintenance management costs, the criteria do not reflect the total influence of the product depreciation and lost opportunity cost which are related to the business management. Furthermore, even though the rapid price drops of the distributor inventory caused by the frequent new model launch can be covered by the product manufacturers, the scale of total costs related to the inventory has not been conceived because the price compensation is traditionally considered as a market costs. In this research, we analyzed the inventory characteristics of electronics industry in which the price depreciation happens frequently, newly defining the estimated criteria of the product total inventory cost which includes price depreciation from the product manufacturers' view. Finally we focus on the case study of a representative electronics company and verify the scale of the influence on management performance.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2020

It is important to have an appropriate amount of inventory for effective operations. This study seeks to develop a sustainable newsvendor model by incorporating environment-related costs into the existing well-known (single-period) newsvendor model. Since leftovers do more harm to environments than stockouts, the optimal order amount tends to be lower than the traditional quantity. However, this is not the case when a second buy is allowed. A second order opportunity is prevalent in industries where it improves demand forecast despite incurring extra costs. In this study, we conduct an extensive numerical analysis for a newsvendor situation with a permitted second buy. The results show that we can reduce inventory costs by considering sustainability concerns. The research idea of including sustainability considerations into existing inventory models can be extended to a more general case and provides managerial insights for better inventory decisions.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2015

This paper develops an analytic model for minimizing the cost of distributing items by truck from one supplier to many customers under Milk run logistics strategy. The model derives formulas for not only inventory and transportation costs but also costs associated with carbon emission trading scheme. In addition, monetary investment for reducing carbon emissions is considered. We analyze how to determine optimal shipment size and carbon emission reduction investment. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effects of carbon emission trading scheme on the Milk run logistics strategy in terms of how much to reduce carbon emissions and/or inventory and transportation costs. We analytically show that it is possible to reduce carbon emissions while reducing inventory and transportation costs by introducing cap-and-trade carbon emission trading scheme under certain conditions.

• 시스템엔지니어링학술지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

As the inventory costs of repairable items in military logistics continue to increase, many studies for optimal inventory level of these items are being carried out in advanced countries, including the US, to reduce these costs. Research on inventory level optimization for repairable items aimed to achieve the availability goal of a system with a MIME(Multi Indenture Multi Echelon) repair policy structure first began with Sherbrooke's METRIC and developed into various types. This research is to analyze and compare recent V-METRIC related studies to search for another variation in this field. This paper mainly looks at how to determine optimum inventory level for each repairable item to achieve a specific availability target within a limited budget, and also how to minimize inventory cost while achieving its availability target by determining optimal inventory level of each repairable item.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.52-63
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• 2017

The inventory level of concurrent spare parts (CSP) has a significant impact on the availability of a weapon system. A failure rate function might be of particular importance in deciding the CSP inventory level. We developed a CSP optimization model which provides a compromise between purchase costs and shortage costs on the basis of the Weibull and the exponential failure rate functions, assuming that a failure occurs according to the (non-) homogeneous Poisson process. Computational experiments using the data obtained from the Korean Navy identified that, throughout the initial provisioning period, the optimization model using the exponential failure rate tended to overestimate the optimal CSP level, leading to higher purchase costs than the one using the Weibull failure rate. A Pareto optimality was conducted to find an optimal combination of these two failure rate functions as input parameters to the model, and this provides a practical solution for logistics managers.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1987

This paper deals with a single-facility multiproduct lot-size model requiring consideration of setup costs. Each product is demanded at the constant rate per unit time in the next particular period. Due to the limitation of the production capacity, some productions of total demand requirement in that period must be pre-produced. The aim of this project is to determine when and how much of each product to make in order to minimize the total setup costs and inventory carrying-costs of all products. Also this paper contains the further realistic treatment of inventory carrying-costs.