• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2006

Streptococus pneumoniae is an important cause of invasive infections as well as non-invasive infections such as acute otitis media and sinusitis both in children and adults. Resistance of S. pneumoniae to multiple antimicrobials is increasing and poses therapeutic challenges, and prevention became more important. 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine has been used for the last several decades, but is not effective in children <2 years of age, the highest risk group of invasive diseases. Recently, a 7-valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine(PCV) which is effective in infants and young children has been developed. The efficacy of PCVs against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia is well established and is documented in several well-conducted studies. However, the effect of PCVs on otitis media is less obvious and more complex. PCVs clearly reduce diseases caused by vaccine-type(VT) pneumococci, but replacement of VT serotypes by non-VT serotypes in nasopharyngeal carriage of S. pneumoniae is responsible for the increase in acute otitis media caused by non-VT serotypes. Three years after introduction of PCV in the US, some increase of invasive infections with serotype 19A possibly due to serotype switching within certain vaccine type strains has been noted. Since most antibiotic-resistance in S. pneumoniae is confined to VT serotypes, vaccine use also reduces antibiotic resistance. With development of PCV, there was a great advance in the prevention of pneumococcal diseases, but replacement with potential virulent organisms and development of antibiotic resistance in non-VT pneumococci is a possibility that needs careful monitoring.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2024

Kudoa septempunctata, a myxozoan parasite, usually presents without any signs and primarily infects adult fish. The invasive diagnostic methods, such as tissue biopsy, can identify pathogens, but cause economic losses because they require killing the fish. In this study, we conducted a monitoring of four fish farms located on Jeju Island, to investigate the potential for non-invasive diagnosis of K. septempunctata using hyperspectral cameras. It provides spectral information from R000_B000_G000 to R255_B255_G255 for a total of 3,282 olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Each object is imaged with 2,000 data points, allowing comprehensive spectral analysis by comparing images obtained from negative control objects to positive control objects. Noticeable differences were observed in the brightness or pallor of the positive control images. This suggests the potential utility of hyperspectral imaging as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting K. septempunctata infections in fish populations.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

현재 배뇨 장애를 진단할 수 있는 대표적인 임상 방법들은 침습적이고 고가이며, 장시간 연속적인 모니터링을 수행하기에는 한계가 있다. EIT는 비침습적 방법으로 외부 전극을 통하여 전류를 주입하고 유기된 전압을 측정하여 내부 전기적(임피던스) 특성을 영상화 하는 기술로써, 저렴한 비용으로 방광의 상태를 모니터링 할 수 있는 유용한 기법이 될 수 있다. 전극을 통하여 주입된 전류 패턴에 따라 측정전압 데이터의 신호특성이 달라지고 영상 복원 성능에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 인체 하복부 부근에 위치한 방광의 크기 변화에 대한 민감도가 극대화될 수 있는 모델링을 위해 입력전류 패턴에 따른 영상 복원 성능을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.31-56
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• 2024

Pig farming, a vital industry, necessitates proactive measures for early disease detection and crush symptom monitoring to ensure optimum pig health and safety. This review explores advanced thermal sensing technologies and computer vision-based thermal imaging techniques employed for pig disease and piglet crush symptom monitoring on pig farms. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive and efficient technology for measuring pig body temperature, providing advantages such as non-destructive, long-distance, and high-sensitivity measurements. Unlike traditional methods, IRT offers a quick and labor-saving approach to acquiring physiological data impacted by environmental temperature, crucial for understanding pig body physiology and metabolism. IRT aids in early disease detection, respiratory health monitoring, and evaluating vaccination effectiveness. Challenges include body surface emissivity variations affecting measurement accuracy. Thermal imaging and deep learning algorithms are used for pig behavior recognition, with the dorsal plane effective for stress detection. Remote health monitoring through thermal imaging, deep learning, and wearable devices facilitates non-invasive assessment of pig health, minimizing medication use. Integration of advanced sensors, thermal imaging, and deep learning shows potential for disease detection and improvement in pig farming, but challenges and ethical considerations must be addressed for successful implementation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art technologies used in the pig farming industry, including computer vision algorithms such as object detection, image segmentation, and deep learning techniques. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of IRT technology, providing an overview of the current research field. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and farmers regarding IRT application in pig production, highlighting notable approaches and the latest research findings in this field.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.526-539
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 기존의 방광 내압 측정의 문제점을 근본적으로 해결할 수 있는 새로운 접근법인 '초음파를 이용한 비침습적 방광 내압 측정 기술'을 제안한다. 제안된 기술은 초음파에 의한 캐비테이션 현상을 이용한다. 즉, 체외에서 조사된 고강도 초음파 펄스에 의해 방광 내에 생성된 기포의 동 특성은 방광 내압에의 영향을 받는다는 물리적인 현상에 근거한다. 본 논문에서는 초음파 방광 내압의 측정 기술의 이론적 기초를 제시하고 및 초기적인 측정 실험을 통해 실현 가능성을 입증했다. 제안된 초음파 방광 압력 측정법은 비침습적이며, 성별, 연령에 관계없이 적용 가능하고, 상시 측정이 가능하여 향후 방광 및 배뇨 장애 관련 진단 및 치료에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2022

Our previous study on monitoring cerebral oxygenation with a variation of isoflurane concentration in a rat model showed that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signals have potential as a new depth of anesthesia (DOA) index. However, that study obtained results from the brain in a completely invasive way, which is inappropriate for clinical application. Therefore, in this follow-up study, it was investigated whether the NIRS signals measured in a minimally invasive model including the skull and cerebrospinal fluid layer (CSFL) are similar to the previous study used as a gold standard. The experimental method was the same as the previous study, and only the subject model was different. We continuously collected NIRS signals before, during, and after isoflurane anesthesia. The isoflurane concentration started at 2.5% (v/v) and decreased to 1.0% by 0.5% every 5 min. The results showed a positive linear correlation between isoflurane concentration and ratio of reflectance intensity (RRI) increase, which is based on NIRS signals. This indicates that the quality of NIRS signals passed through the skull and CSFL in the minimally invasive model is as good as the signal obtained directly from the brain. Therefore, we believe that the results of this study can be easily applied to clinics as a potential indicator to monitor DOA.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제34C권6호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1997

This paper describes the design and test of an on-line non-invasive network performance monitor (hardware portion) for the SPAX parallel computer. The SPAX parallel computer supports up to 256 intel P6 processors with 4 P6 processors constituting a processign node. The nodes are interconnected with a dual two-level crossbar network calle dXcent-net. Since the performance of the SPAX parallel computer is highly dependent on the proper and efficient operation of the network, an on-line non-invasive network performance monitor (with hardware components) has been developed to aid in the monitoring and tunign of the Xcent-net. Successful testing of a prototype node monitor board and PC interface system shows that our monitor design provides a low-cost practical solution to this problem.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제51권
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• pp.9.1-9.10
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• 2021

Brain disorders seriously affect life quality. Therefore, non-invasive neuroimaging has received attention to monitoring and early diagnosing neural disorders to prevent their progress to a severe level. This short review briefly describes the current MRI and PET/CT techniques developed for non-invasive neuroimaging and the future direction of optical imaging techniques to achieve higher resolution and specificity using the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region of wavelength with organic molecules.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2023

Melilotus dentatus (Waldst. & Kit.) Desf. is an invasive plant native to Europe, Russia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia and China. It was introduced to North America to create grazing areas for livestock; its growth has since become uncontrollable. Melilotus dentatus is now found in Namyang-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea as an alien plant. This species is morphologically similar to Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb. and Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. M. dentatus differs from other species based on its oblong leaflets, distinct teeth, two ovules, surface of the legume that is minutely reticulate-nerved or smooth, and seeds that are dark green to greenish brown. Here, we have provided a detailed description and photographs of the alien species M. dentatus as well as an updated key to five Melilotus taxa studied, which will help prepare a continuous monitoring and management plan.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2023

Invasive species are organisms that are introduced into places outside of their natural distribution range. The global pet trade is facilitating the introduction of invasive species into new countries and areas. Among the introduced alien species, turtles are one of the most common animal groups whether lives in wetland ecosystems, such as wetlands or reservoirs. Like other countries around the world, exotic turtles is becoming a growing concern for the wetland ecosystem in South Korea. In this study, we report new reports of subspecies of Painted turtle (Chrysemys spp.): Chrysemys picta marginata, C. p. bellii and C. dorsalis, from the reservoirs in downtown Cheongju and Gwangju, South Korea. We used morphological features, such as the characteristics of the legs, plastron, and carapace, to identify the turtles. It is assumed that all turtles were artificially released into nature. Considering the increasing number of reports on the introduction of alien invasive turtles in Korean wetlands, we recommend the formulation of an immediate and systematic management plan for pet trades and organized continuous monitoring programs.