• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted to show the intraocular pressure (IOP) distribution and the factors affecting IOP in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in India. Methods: We measured the anthropometric and biochemical parameters for confirmed type 2 DM patients. A comprehensive ocular examination was performed for 1377 subjects aged > 40 years and residing in Chennai. Results: A significant difference in IOP (mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation) was found between men and women ($14.6{\pm}2.9$ and $15.0{\pm}2.8$ mmHg, p = 0.005). A significantly elevated IOP was observed among smokers, subjects with systemic hypertension and women with clinically significant macular edema (CSME). After a univariate analysis, factors associated significantly with higher IOP were elevated systolic blood pressure, elevated resting pulse rate and thicker central corneal thickness (CCT). In women, elevated glycosylated hemoglobin was associated with a higher IOP. After adjusting for all variables, the elevated resting pulse rate and CCT were found to be associated with a higher IOP. Conclusions: Systemic hypertension, smoking, pulse rate and CCT were associated with elevated intraocular pressure in type 2 DM. Women with type 2 DM, especially those with CSME, were more prone to have an elevated IOP.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2006

한국인 청년 남, 여 1,027명(남자=475, 여자=552)을 대상으로 안압의 상대 빈도 분포를 조사하였다. 상대적 빈도의 최고값은 남, 여에서 각각 14.5mmHg와 17.5mmHg이었으며, 전체 안압 빈도 분포범위는 남, 여에서 각각 7~23mmHg와 7~22mmHg이었다. 그리고 누적 빈도 중앙값 (누적빈도=0.5)은 남, 여에서 각각 13.0~16.5mmHg와 16.5~18.5mmHg로 여자가 남자 보다 더 높았다. 평균 안압은 남, 여에서 각각 15.2mmHg와 15.8mmHg이었고 조사 대상의 98%가 정상 안압의 범위에 속했다. 안압은 일차 변동을 나타냈는데 아침에서 저녁으로 가면서 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 안압 변동의 추세선을 보면 운동에 의해 안압이 감소되었으며 넥타이를 맨 경우와 누워있는 자세를 유지하는 동안 안압은 추세적으로 증가되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2010

Objectives: The current study was performed to assess the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with metabolic syndrome (MS) in a community. Methods: We measured IOP and MS components from 446 adults, age 20 or more years old, who reside in a community in Kyunggi Province, South Korea. We compared the level of IOP according to the number of metabolic abnormalities and between normal and abnormal metabolic components. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between IOP and metabolic components. Results: No significant difference in IOP (mean${\pm}$SE) was found between men ($12.24{\pm}2.42$) and women ($12.55{\pm}2.41$ mmHg, p > 0.1), while IOP of men tended to decrease as age increased (p for trend < 0.01). After adjusting for age, IOP of subjects with abdominal obesity in men and high blood pressure in women were significantly higher than those without abdominal obesity or high blood pressure (p < 0.05). Female subjects with MS showed significantly higher IOP than those without MS. Participants with more metabolic disturbances tended to have a greater IOP elevation with a linear trend after adjusting for age and sex. In the univariate regression analysis, age and waist circumference were significantly associated with IOP in men, but systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with IOP in women. In final multiple regression model, age, systolic blood pressure, and triglyceride were associated with IOP in women, and age in men. Conclusions: These findings suggest that MS and its components may be important determinants of elevated IOP.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the Intraocular pressure (IOP) and retina neuroprotective effect of Acer palmatum thumb. extract in glaucoma of DBA2/J mice vivo model. Methods : The amount of change in intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured every two weeks for 30 weeks in the DBA2/J glaucoma animal model. The increased IOP were regrouping into drug treatment groups. EW and EE (1, 2 mg/㎖)extract was eye drop administered twice per day for 8 weeks. After administration of the extract, IOP was measured every 1 week at a fixed time for 8 weeks, and protein expression levels and serological changes related to retinal function were investigated. Results : The DBA2/J mice were IOP increased as time dependent, resulting in damage to the retinal function protein related in glaucoma animal model. However, administration of extracts from Leaves of Acer palmatum thumb. prevented an increase IOP, increased for Brn3α, PKCα, and OPN1SW. Additionally, the experssion of Aterocyte maker, GFAP was decreased in DBA2/J mice. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that both IOP and age can be considered in studies using DBA2/J mice and suggest that the extracts from Leaves of Acer palmatum thumb. regulating of IOP and expression of proteins related to retinal function.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.13-16
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• 2018

Acupuncture has been clinically used to treat patients suffering from eye disease. It has been used in efforts to help preserve vision for those with a wide range of eye conditions including glaucoma and intraocular hypertension. High intraocular pressure (IOP) is usually associated with glaucoma and conventional treatment is focused on lowering IOP. Controlling this risk factor should help hasten the onset of glaucoma for those patents that are suspect or borderline candidates for glaucoma. In review of the limited scientific research there are not many studies that support conclusive evidence for the use of acupuncture on eye diseases and particularly glaucoma and ocular hypertension. For the information that does exist, diverse results from various interventions make it difficult to draw clear conclusions. The existing studies use different acupoints, techniques, frequencies, and durations. Individual treatment strategies according to the practitioner's subjective experience, patient condition, and the use of other complimentary and natural strategies is ideal for taking a more dynamic and wholistic approach to getting results. Until more pragmatic research models are funded and implemented, case reports can offer good examples of experiential and objective outcomes. This case report presents a 61 year old healthy female patient diagnosed with open-angle borderline glaucoma with elevated IOP. The patients IOP was successfully reduced with 12 treatments over three months using scalp electro-acupuncture and distal Master Tung points.

• 대한시과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2018

목적 : 전기를 띄는 천연광석물질인 토르말린을 안경 전체부분에 적용하여 인간의 안구 내 신진대사에 관련된 요소들 중 하나인 안압(Intraocular pressure: IOP)의 변화를 관찰하였다. 방법 : 안경테의 주재료인 TR-90과 토르말린 7 wt%을 혼합하여 안경테를 제작 후, 20대의 90명(남자 46명, 여자 44명)을 대상으로 토르말린 안경테의 착용 전과 후의 안압변화를 정상 안압범위에서 Low, Middle, High 그룹으로 안압에 따라 나누어 관찰하였다. 결과 : 토르말린 안경테를 착용 후, 우안에서 전체안압은 -4.14 %로 감소하였고(p<0.000), High와 Middle 그룹에서 각각 -6.39 %(p<0.000), -4.64 %(p<0.017)로 유의하게 감소하였다. 좌안에서 전체안압은 -2.74 %(p<0.004)로 감소하였고, High 그룹에서만 -4.58 %(p<0.000)로 통계적으로 유의한 값을 나타내었다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 제작한 7 wt% 토르말린이 함유된 안경테를 사용하여, 안경테를 착용 후 안압이 유의하게 감소되어 정상 안압범위의 평균 수치와 근접해지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과로 인해 신체의 신진대사와 혈액순환을 촉진시키는 효과를 가진 토르말린을 안경테에 접목함으로써 안압의 정상화에 대한 효과를 나타내는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2008

목적: 한국 정상인 청년의 안압에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사하고자 실시하였다. 방법: 정상인 청년 805명(남: 367, 여: 438)을 대상으로 비접촉식 안압계인 AT555 Tonometer(Reichert사)를 사용하여 조사대상자의 기본 안압을 측정하였으며 안압변동에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 주시, 기대는 자세, 순목의 경우는 남녀 각각 6명을 대상으로 10~30분 동안 요인에 따른 우좌안의 안압 변동을 조사하였으며 음수, 음주, 담배, 커피는 측정안압이 유사한 6명씩을 한 집단으로 하여 각 요인별로 4~5개 집단의 우안 안압변동을 조사하였다. 결과: 조사대상자의 평균안압은 남녀에서 각각 15.2 mmHg와 15.8 mmHg로 여자가 약간 더 높았으며 99%가 평균안압의 범위 내에 있었다. 주시, 기대는 자세, 의식적인 순목에 의하여 남녀의 안압은 각각 우좌안에서 기울기가 0.15, 0.13/0.07, 0.08와 0.09, 0.08/0.08, 0.08 및 0.19, 0.08/0.26, 0.31의 추세선으로 상승하였다. 음수에 의해 안압이 상승하였는데 1000 ml 이상에서 변동폭이 현저하였으며 음주에 의해서는 음주량에 비례하여 안압이 감소하였다. 흡연 시에는 안압이 증가하였으며 흡연량과는 유의성 있는 연관을 보이지 않았다. 커피에 의해서는 유의성 있는 안압변동을 보이지 않았다. 결론: 주시, 기대는 자세, 의식적 순목, 음수, 흡연에 의해 안압이 상승하였으며 음주에 의해서는 안압이 감소하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2014

We had presented an inductive type intraocular pressure sensor (L-sensor) in previous work. The distance between a micro coil and a ferrite on the membrane was modulated by pressure, and as a result the inductance and resonant frequency were changed. However, L-sensor has some problems to implant in eyes. First problem is low sensitivity. When L-sensor was implanted in rabbit's eyes, resonant frequency of L-sensor was very hard to detect. Second problem is biocompatibility. Size of L-sensor is $6{\times}7{\times}1.2mm$. When L-sensor was implanted in the eyes, it caused the inflammation. Therefore, this study suggests an inductive and capacitive type IOP sensor (LCsensor). The sensitivity of the LC-sensor 27.3 kHz/mmHg under 60mmHg. It is much larger than 14 kHz/mmHg of the L-sensor. And the size of LC-sensor is 47% smaller than L-sensor. After 2 weeks from the implantation of LC-sensor into rabbit eyes, we measured the changes of resonant frequency of LC-sensor according to increased IOP by Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) injection. As a result, the sensitivity of LC-sensor in in vivo test is 25 kHz/mmHg. That is similar to the sensitivity of in vitro test.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2013

A wireless intraocular (IOP) pressure sensor based on micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) technology is proposed. The proposed IOP sensor uses variable inductance according to the external pressure. The proposed sensor is composed of two flexible membranes: a ferrite bottom part, an inductor, and a capacitor. The inductance of the sensor varies according to the external pressure. The resonance frequency of the sensor is also varied, and this frequency is detected using an external coil. The external coil is designed with an FR-4 printed circuit board. The feasibility of the proposed sensor structure using variable inductance to detect the external pressure is successfully demonstrated.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.16.1-16.11
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• 2023

Background: Long-term comparative data of phacoemulsification combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (phaco-ECP) versus phacoemulsification (phaco) alone in dogs are rare. Objectives: To investigate the effects of ECP on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and complications after phaco in dogs with normal IOP. Methods: Medical records of IOP, conjunctival hyperemia, corneal edema, aqueous flare, posterior synechia, intraocular fibrin, and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) formation in 15 canine eyes that underwent phaco-ECP and 36 eyes that underwent phaco alone were evaluated retrospectively. ECP was applied when either the iridocorneal angle or the ciliary cleft was narrow or closed. Results: The IOP of the phaco-ECP group persisted within the normal range postoperatively. The phaco-ECP group had a shorter period of dorzolamide use than did the phaco group. PCO was formed earlier in the phaco-ECP group than in the phaco group. The phaco-ECP group showed more severe corneal edema than the phaco group at every follow-up visit. Posterior synechia was more severe in the phaco-ECP group than in the phaco group from two weeks until the last follow-up. Conclusions: Although ECP might cause more postoperative complications such as corneal edema and posterior synechia, it could effectively reduce the incidence of IOP increase after phaco in dogs with a high risk of postoperative glaucoma.