• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.526-535
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• 2019

Objective : While the risk of aneurysmal rebleeding induced by catheter cerebral angiography is a serious concern and can delay angiography for a few hours after a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), current angiographic technology and techniques have been much improved. Therefore, this study investigated the risk of aneurysmal rebleeding when using a recent angiographic technique immediately after SAH. Methods : Patients with acute SAH underwent immediate catheter angiography on admission. A four-vessel examination was conducted using a biplane digital subtraction angiography (DSA) system that applied a low injection rate and small volume of a diluted contrast, along with appropriate control of hypertension. Intra-angiographic aneurysmal rebleeding was diagnosed in cases of extravasation of the contrast medium during angiography or increased intracranial bleeding evident in flat-panel detector computed tomography scans. Results : In-hospital recurrent hemorrhages before definitive treatment to obliterate the ruptured aneurysm occurred in 11 of 266 patients (4.1%). Following a univariate analysis, a multivariate analysis using a logistic regression analysis revealed that modified Fisher grade 4 was a statistically significant risk factor for an in-hospital recurrent hemorrhage (p=0.032). Cerebral angiography after SAH was performed on 88 patients ${\leq}3$ hours, 74 patients between 3-6 hours, and 104 patients >6 hours. None of the time intervals showed any cases of intra-angiographic rebleeding. Moreover, even though the DSA ${\leq}3$ hours group included more patients with a poor clinical grade and modified Fisher grade 4, no case of aneurysmal rebleeding occurred during erebral angiography. Conclusion : Despite the high risk of aneurysmal rebleeding within a few hours after SAH, emergency cerebral angiography after SAH can be acceptable without increasing the risk of intra-angiographic rebleeding when using current angiographic techniques and equipment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2023

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) remains a devastating complication in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), however, there were no present reports that is associated with a ruptured spinal arteriovenous fistula (sAVF). We would like to present a rare case of DCI following embolization of a ruptured perimedullary sAVF. Initially, the patient clinical symptoms mimic a SAH caused by a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Further evaluation revealed that the SAH was caused by a ruptured perimedullary sAVF and the patient's condition improved following the embolization procedure. Three days later, the patient developed an acute left-sided facial and motor weakness, which persisted until the patient was discharged on the day-15 onset. A magnetic resonance imaging and angiography is performed 1.5 years after discharge and revealed no signs of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage. In this paper, we reported DCI after embolization in a ruptured sAVF with SAH, supported by evidence from the current literature. We would like to also stress the importance of complete spinal and cerebral vessel imaging to reveal the underlying abnormalities and determine the most appropriate intervention.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1993

지주막하출혈은 혈관경련, 재출혈, 수두증의 합병증이 빈번히 동반되며, 이 합병증 유무에 따라 예후에 큰 영향을 받는다. 뇌동맥파열에 의한 지주막하출혈 환자 21명과 지주막하출혈 환자 중 10명(48%)의 환자에서 SPECT 검사상 양측성 관류저하가 관찰되었으며, 일측성 관류저하가 7명(33%), 관류저하가 없는 예가 4명 (19%)이었다. 반면에 CT/MRI에서 양측성 병소가 관찰된 예는 3예(14%)이었다. 발견된 병소의 수도 SPECT의 경우는 56개었으나 CT/MRI에서는 25개만이 관찰되었다. 언어장애 또는 편측 운동장애가 발생한 환자에서 SPECT로 관련영역의 관류전하를 확인할 수 있었으며 Matastest를 시행하여 뇌동맥폐쇄시술 시 위험유무를 판정할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT 검사는 지주 막하출혈 환자에서 CT/MRI에 비하여 기능변화를 정확히 반영하여, 환자의 정확한 임상상을 비관혈적으로 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 유용한 검사법으로 생각되었다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제81권6호
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• pp.1472-1477
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• 2020

경막 동정맥루는 다양한 증상을 일으킬 수 있는 후천적 혈관 이상이다. Borden I 유형의 S상 정맥동 동정맥 누공이 지주막하 출혈로 나타난 드문 증례를 보고한다. 출혈은 전방 하뇌 소뇌 동맥의 작은 연막 공급 혈관인 측면 연수 교뇌 부분에 있는 측벽 동맥류 파열로 인해 발생하였다. 저자들은 뇌 전산화단층촬영 및 혈관조영술, 자기공명영상 및 혈관조영술 그리고 디지털 감산 혈관조영술을 포함한 영상 소견과 기존의 유사한 증례에 대한 문헌을 검토하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.58-60
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• 2013

Intramuscular stimulation (IMS) is widely used to treat myofascial pain syndrome. IMS is a safe procedure but several complications have been described. To our knowledge, spinal subarachnoid hematoma has never been reported as a complication of an IMS. The authors have experienced a case of spinal subarachnoid hematoma occurring after an IMS, which was tentatively diagnosed as intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage because of severe headache. Patient was successfully treated with surgery. Here, we report our case with a review of literature.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.755-757
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• 2013

Gnathostoma spinigerum can cause subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The detection of specific antibodies in serum against G. spinigerum antigen is helpful for diagnosis of neurognathostomiasis. There is limited data on the frequency of G. spinigerum infection in non-traumatic SAH. A series of patients diagnosed as non-traumatic SAH at the Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Thailand between January 2011 and January 2013 were studied. CT or MR imaging of the brain was used for diagnosis of SAH. Patients were categorized as aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (A-SAH) or non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (NA-SAH) according to the results of cerebral angiograms. The presence of specific antibodies in serum against 21- or 24-kDa G. spinigerum antigen was determined using the immunoblot technique. The detection rate of antibodies was compared between the 2 groups. Of the 118 non-traumatic SAH patients for whom cerebral angiogram and immunoblot data were available, 80 (67.8%) patients had A-SAH, whereas 38 (32.2%) had NASAH. Overall, 23.7% were positive for specific antibodies against 21- and /or 24-kDa G. spinigerum antigen. No significant differences were found in the positive rate of specific antibodies against G. spinigerum in both groups (P-value=0.350).

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1013-1018
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• 2001

Objective : About 40% of patients who admit to the hospital after subarachnoid hemorrhage are poor clinical grade(Hunt-Hess grade IV, V). The majority of these patients have been excluded from early, aggressive treatment. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the outcome of urgent surgery for Hunt-Hess grade IV aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Materials and Methods : We reviewed hospital records and radiographic studies of 36 patients who were Hunt-Hess grade IV among 201 cases with ruptured intracranial aneurysm admitted between Sep. 1995 and Dec. 2000. Operated patients were treated with urgent angiography and surgery within 24 hours of presentation, except six patients, and medical records of these patients were reviewed for the clinical course and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS). Results : Overall management results of the 36 patients were good recovery in 13(36.1%), moderate disability in 12 (33.3%), severe disability in 1(2.8%), vegetative state in 1(2.8%) and 9(25.0%) of surgically treated patients had died. Conclusion : Although with limited number of patients, we conclude that urgent surgery for Hunt-Hess grade IV patients results in a better neurologic outcome and urgent surgery combined with aggressive postoperative management can minimize mortality.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.330-334
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• 2010

Objective : Residual aneurysm from incomplete clipping or slowly recurrent aneurysm is associated with high risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. We describe complete treatment of the lesions by surgical clipping or endovascular treatment. Methods : We analyzed 11 patients of residual or recurrent aneurysms who had undergone surgical clipping from 1998 to 2009. Among them, 5 cases were initially clipped at our hospital. The others were referred from other hospitals after clipping. The radiologic and medical records were retrospectively analyzed. Results : All patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage at first time, and the most frequent location of the ruptured residual or recurrent aneurysm was in the anterior communicating artery to posterior-superior direction. Distal anterior cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery, and middle cerebral artery was followed. Repositioning of clipping in eleven cases, and one endovascular treatment were performed. No residual aneurysm was found in postoperative angiography, and no complication was noted in related to the operations. Conclusion : These results indicate the importance of postoperative or follow up angiography and that reoperation of residual or slowly recurrent aneurysm should be tried if such lesions being found. Precise evaluation and appropriate planning including endovascular treatment should be performed for complete obliteration of the residual or recurrent aneurysm.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2001

Objectives : With the advancement of a social life, the pediatric head injuries(PHI) occur greater than ever. Since the PHI differs from adult head injury with regards to mechanism of trauma, prognosis, and mortality, it is important to identify the characteristics of the PHI for its proper treatments and prognosis. Methods : For this study, a series of 365 PHI patients under 15 years of age who were admitted to our hospital, were evaluated from January 1991 to December 1996. The clinical variable studied were age, sex, Glasgow coma score(GCS), causes of trauma, diagnosis, symptoms, associated injuries and Glasgow outcome score (GOS). The characteristics of PHI were evaluated according to presentations of skull fractures, intracranial hemorrhages, associated injuries, GCS at admission and GOS. Results : Mean age of the studied patients was 6.51 years of age. The majority of PHI patients were under the 7 years of age(66.7%). The ratio of male to female was 2.2:1. Seasonally, PHI occurred more frequently during March to August(61.6%). The main causes of the injuries were accidental falls and traffic accidents(47.1% and 46.3%). One hundred ninety seven(54%) patients suffered from skull fractures and 110(30.1%) patients were developed intracranial hemorrhages and acute epidural hematomas(17.8%) which were the most common intracranial hemorrhages. There was statistical significance between skull fractures and intracranial hemorrhage (p=0.032) and between GCS and GOS(p=0.001). However, there was no statistical significance between skull fractures and intracranial hemorrhage(epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas, and intracerebral, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage)(p=0.061, 0.251 and 0.880). Also there were no significance of prognosis between under the seven and over the 8 years of age(p=0.349). Conclusions : The core management for PHI is prevention from its occurrences. However, when unexpected accident occurs, early diagnosis and treatment for PHI by through examination for associated injuries and other damages even if there is no skull fracture are essential in managing patient's outcome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2011

Objective : It is technically difficult to treat wide-necked intracranial aneurysms by the endovascular method. Various tools and techniques have been introduced to overcome the related technical limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiologic and clinical results of widenecked intracranial aneurysm treatment using the endovascular method. Methods : Fifteen aneurysms in 15 patients were treated by the endovascular method from October 2009 to August 2010. Seven patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), seven patients had unruptured aneurysms, and one patient had an intracerebral hemorrhage and intraventricular hemorrhage due to an incompletely clipped aneurysm. The mean dome-to-neck ratio was 1.1 (range, 0.6-1.7) and the mean height-to-neck ratio was 1.1 (range, 0.6-2.0). We used double microcatheters instead of a stent or a balloon for the first trial. When we failed to make a stable coil frame with two coils, we used a stent-assisted technique. Results : All aneurysms were successfully embolized. Eleven aneurysms (73%) were embolized by the double microcatheter technique without stent insertion, and four aneurysms (27%) were treated by stent-assisted coil embolization. One case had subclinical procedure-related intraoperative hemorrhage. Another case had procedure-related thromboembolism in the left distal anterior cerebral artery. During the follow-up period, one patient (7%) had a recanalized aneurysmal neck 12 months after coil embolization. The recurrent aneurysm was treated by stent-assisted coil embolization. Conclusion : We successfully treated 15 wide-necked intracranial aneurysms by the endovascular method. More clinical data with longer follow-up periods are needed to establish the use of endovascular treatment for wide-necked aneurysm.